Science LT #2 Reviewer.

1. Lithosphere and Atmosphere
reviewer for third quarter:
EARTH SCIENCE

2. The observation that the continents
fit together like puzzle pieces, and
may once have been connected, led
Alfred Wegener to propose a theory
in 1910 called
a. continental plowing
b. continental drift
c. wandering continents
d. shape matching of continents

3. The essence of Wegener's idea was
sound, based on some scientific
observations. Which of the following
supported his theory?
a.Matching fossil plant remains found on
two different continents
b.Matching reptile remains found on two
different continents
c.nearly identical sedimentary rock types
of same age in widely separated
locations
d.all of the above

4. The development of submarine warfare
during World War II created a pressing
need to map the ocean floor. This
actually led to research on the ocean
floor that would help explain the
movement of the continents. What tool
was used to do this mapping?
a. underwater cameras
b. sonar surveys
c. studies of living things
d. rock sampling

5. Scientists found that the continents
were moving apart from each other due
to magma rising out of mid-ocean
ridges, and they called this
a. sea floor spreading
b. sea floor rising
c. changing sea floor
d. underwater volcanoes

6. Plate tectonics is our current theory of
how the movement of continental
masses relates to the movement of
ocean basins. This movement explains
many phenomena, such as
a. earthquakes
b. volcanoes
c. weather patterns
d. all of the above

7. Plate margins are places where much
activity occurs. Earthquakes occur, for
example, along convergent margins,
where plates are
a. moving apart
b. sliding past each other
c. Colliding
d. Not moving

8. Scientists found that the continents
were moving apart from each other
due to magma rising out of mid-ocean
ridges, and they called this
a. sea floor spreading
b. sea floor rising
c. changing sea floor
d. underwater volcanoes

9. Plate tectonics, or the movement of
pieces of Earth's crust, is thought to
be caused by
a.volcanoes
b.earthquakes
c.convection currents in Earth's
mantle
d.hot spots

10. The man who pioneered the
continental drift hypothesis was
a. Tuzo Wilson
b. Herman Hess
c. Alfred Wegener
d. Andrija Mohorovicic

11. What is the name of the
supercontinent that existed near the
end of Paleozoic?
a. Laurentia
b. Euro-Asia
c. Ameri-Africa
d. Pangea

12. Three basic types of plate boundaries
are
a.divulgent, convergent, and
transform fault
b.divergent, convergent, and
transform fault
c.direct, indirect, and transform
d.subductive, convergent, and flat

13. Plates move apart, leaving a gap
at the
a. convergent plate boundaries
b. divergent plate boundaries
c. transform plate boundaries
d. all plate boundaries

14. Plates collide along
a. convergent plate boundaries
b. divergent plate boundaries
c. transform plate boundaries
d. all plate boundaries

15. Volcanic island arcs (like Aleutian
Islands) are associated with
a.divergent plate boundaries
b.convergent (continental-continental)
plate boundaries
c.convergent (oceanic-continental) plate
boundaries
d.convergent (oceanic-oceanic) plate
boundaries

16. In what layer of the Earth
does plate tectonics occur?
a. Asthenosphere
b. Lithosphere
c. Mesosphere
d. Tectosphere

17. Which is the largest lithospheric
plate?
a. African
b. Antarctic
c. Eurasian
d. Pacific

18. What does the term plate tectonics
mean?
a.The large slabs of rock on Earth that
we live on.
b.A dinner plate that is high-tech.
c.The theory that says our Earth's crust
is made of giant pieces of rock.
d.The places where the mountain are.

19. What are tectonic plates?
a.The major mountains on Earth.
b.The giant slabs of rock that
make up our Earth's crust.
c.A shiny, silver plate.
d.Things that make mountains.

20. What do we call places where
plates meet?
a. Plate-meeting place
b. Plate line
c. Division chord
d. Plate boundary

21. What do we call a place where two
plates are moving apart?
a.Divergent Boundary
b.Separation Point
c.Division line
d.Transformational-Geological
Boundary

22. What will surely happen when two
tectonic plates separate?
a.Earthquake
b.A ridge forms
c.The boundary becomes unstable
and there is a breakout of volcanoes
d.Two plates form

23. What type of plate boundary is the
San Andreas Fault?
a. A convergence boundary
b. A divisional boundary
c. A transform boundary
d. A boundary of San Andreas

24. What happens when pressure is
released at a transform boundary?
a.An earthquake occurs
b.Mount St. Helens explodes
c.A volcano is formed
d.The plate receives too much pressure
on the edge and eventually breaks
apart

25. How do continents form?
•Two plates separate and more earth
is formed.
•As a convergent boundary is created,
and as the plate moves in one
direction, large mass of land is formed
on the other end.
•A volcano explodes and the magma
forms the base for a new continental
crust.
•A meteor hits earth and forms a new
piece of land.

26. What is a volcano?
a.A big piece of rock that can vomit.
b.A volcano is an opening or rupture in
earth's crust that lets hot, molten rock,
ash and gases to escape from below
the crust.
c.A place in the Earth's Crust that is
open.
d.Is a mountain that is sick.

27. How are Volcanoes formed?
a.When a tectonic plate gets angry.
b.When two pieces of rock hit each
other.
c.When tectonic plates move apart or
come together.
d.When a piece of rock gets sick and
needs to vomit.

28. How are Shield Volcanoes formed?
a.When a hill becomes a volcano.
b.When Lava flows out of a central
vent and forms a dome like shape.
c.When a volcano is used as a shield
by people.
d.When one plate meets another at a
transform boundary.

29. What do we call the central point in
the earthquake where the energy is
being released?
a. Hypocenter
b. Focus
c. Epicenter
d. Quake Shake

30. Most magma forms in...
a. continental crust
b. the lithosphere
c. the asthenosphere
d. ocean crust

31. An opening in the earth's surface
through which molten rock flows is
called a ...
a. Vent
b. Caldera
c. Mantle
d. Fault

32. An opening on the earth's surface
through which molten rock flows and
the material that builds up around
the opening together form a...
a. subduction zone
b. trench
c. convergent boundary
d. volcano

33. The broad volcanic feature formed by
quiet eruptions on thin lava flows is
called a ...
a. shield zone
b. cinder cone
c. rift
d. strato-volcano

34. Which of the following formations
would most likely result from a single
violent volcanic eruption?
a. shield volcano
b. vent
c. cinder cone
d. caldera

35. Before a volcanic eruption, seismic
activity seems to...
a.increase in frequency and
decrease in intensity
b.decrease in both frequency and
intensity
c.decrease in frequency and increase
in intensity
d.increase in both frequency and
intensity

36. How is magma different from lava?
a. The two are the same
b. Magma is unerupted lava
c. Lava can have gas in it
d. Magma is a large amount of lava

37. The layers of the Earth have been
discovered by:
a.Studying the layers of other
planets
b.Sending x-ray equipment into
fault lines
c.Studying seismic waves caused by
earthquakes
d.Studying drilled core samples

38. The Earth's inner core is made up
of ____________________.
a.Nitrogen
b.Anorthrosite
c.Lithium-ion
d.Nickel-iron alloy

39. The Earth's lithosphere:
a.Is made up of two types: oceanic
and continental
b.Is generally made up of titanium
dioxide
c.Contains tactile plates
d.Is synonymous with our
atmosphere

40. The interior structure of the earth
from the surface to the center is:
a.inner core, outer core, mantle and
crust
b.atmosphere, mantle, crust
c.crust, mantle and core

41. The most common element
in the earth's crust is:
a.Aluminum
b.Silicon
c.Iron
d. Oxygen

42. The layer of the earth which
is plastic like putty is the:
a. crust
b. mantle
c. core
d. asthenosphere

43. The core of the earth is:
a.partly molten rock and partly
solid rock
b.made of iron and other melted
metals
c.plastic like putty
d.Made of molten materials

44. What occurs where crustal plates
diverge or move apart?
a. Erosion
b. Earthquakes
c. Volcanoes
d. Convection current

45. Convergent crustal plate
boundaries are sites of:
a. Erosion
b. Earthquakes
c. Volcanic activity
d. Mountain formation

46. The Theory of Continental Drift
states that:
a.continents were once joined
together and have since moved apart
b.one original super-continent sank
and rose in different locations
forming valleys and mountains as we
now know them
c.the continents of the world drift
like boats in any direction on the
molten rock beneath the surface

47. The original super-continent that
may have existed 200 million years
ago has been named:
a. Pangaea
b. Gondwana
c. Antarctica
d. Rodinia

48. The instrument used to measure
earthquakes is the:
a.Richter Scale
b.Beaufort Scale
c.Seismograph
d.Seismogram

49. The earthquake waves that cause the
greatest damage to buildings are the:
a. Tidal waves
b. P or primary waves
c. S or secondary waves
d. Surface waves

50. Rocks are broken up into three major
groups:
a.magma, metamorphic, and minerals
b.igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary
c.sedimentary, sand, and igneous
d.sand, mud, and silt

51. Rocks that come out of volcanoes
form the greater part of the Earth's
crust. These rocks are:
a.igneous rocks
b.Basalt
c.metamorphic rocks
d.granite

52. Chalk and limestone are made up of
the remains of animals. They are:
a. both very hard
b. pebbles
c. sedimentary rocks
d. conglomerate

53. From deep within the earth molten
magma bubbles up, heating rocks
that surround it. This process turns
igneous and sedimentary rocks into:
a. gneiss
b. slate
c. marble
d. metamorphic rocks

54. This is the name of the solid
rock beneath the soil:
a. extrusive rock
b. limestone
c. bedrock
d. granite

55. Coal is a sedimentary rock made up
of organic matter that has become
solid. Unlike limestone, coal is made
up of:
a. plant fossils
b. shells
c. insects
d. dinosaurs

56. You can group igneous rocks by the
sizes of grains in them. Rocks made of
magma are ____ and those from lava
are ____.
a. intrusive; extrusive
b. crystals; minerals
c. volcanic; metamorphic
d. intrusive; only made of silica

57. Which of these is not the name
of a type of rock?
A. Granite
B. Chalk
C. Talc
D. Slate

58. Marble is a rock that has been
changed from another. What do we
call these type of rocks?
A. Metamorphic
B. Igneous
C. Ignorant
D. Morpeth

59. A rock that has been ‘layered’ is
called:
A. Sedimentary
B. Igneous
C. Metamorphic
D. Ingenious

60. Rocks are changed to metamorphic
rocks by:
A. Sun and sea
B. Heat and pressure
C. Rivers and cliffs
D. Volcanoes

61. What type of rock is likely to
form when this magma cools?
A. Metamorphic
B. Sedimentary
C. Igneous
D. Clastic

62. Which of these would not cause
weathering?
A. Rain
B. Sun
C. Cloud
D. Frost

63. Transport of sediment usually
occurs:
A. by people carrying it
B. by rivers carrying it
C. in volcanoes
D. by wind dispersal

64. What type of rock is this?
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Metamorphic
D. Fossil

65. We are likely to find fossils in which
type of rock?
A. Sedimentary
B. Magma
C. Igneous
D. Lava

66. Limestone (calcium carbonate)
reacts with hydrochloric acid to
form:
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Methane

67. Basalt has very small crystals. How
would you expect it to have
formed?
A. From sandstone
B. Underground
C. By deposition
D. From cooling lava

68. Slate was used a lot for tiling the
roofs of houses. What type of rock
is it?
A. Igneous
B. Sedimentary
C. Organic
D. Metamorphic

69. A rock that cools quickly is likely
to have:
A. Large crystals
B. No crystals
C. Invisible crystals
D. Small crystals