secondary and primary data in statistics

2. A statistical investigation deals with largemass of inter-related facts in the form of numerical figures. These
information in the form of numericalfigures is generally termed as data.
Whereas sometimes data can be in the form of general descriptionor elaboration too.
Dataare specialtype of information, generally obtained through observation, surveys, enquiries, or are generated
as a result of human activity for the purpose of research.

3. ⦁ On the basis of method and sources by which the data is collected the data is
classified into two types:-
DATA
PRIMARY
DATA
SECONDARY
DATA

4.  PRIMARYDATA: Those data which are collected afresh and for the first time and thus happen
to be original in character and known as Primary data. These data are in the shape of raw
material.

5. ⦁ Reliability depend on respondents
information accuracy.
⦁ Informationcan be bias.
⦁ Expensive and time consuming in nature.
⦁ Lack of experience among researcher.
⦁ Requires field work.
⦁ Original and independent collection increased the
authenticityof data.
⦁ Directly Collection enhancethe reliability of data.
⦁ Used in both quantitative and qualitative
researchmethods.
⦁ Hidden information can be collected through
primarydata.
⦁ After analyzedprimarydata can be used as
secondary data.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

6.  SECONDARYDATA:Those data which have been collected by someone else and which have already
been passed through the statistical process or analyzedby someone else are known as Secondary data. It is the
data which may be published or unpublished, but has been collected and is used forsome other purpose earlier.

7.  These data can be quickly manageable.
 Time and cost balanceremains maintained.
 Information availableis already analyzed by experts.
 Used to update data or reinterpret existing ones.
 Helpful for philosopher, thinker or
authors fordeveloping new concept.
 Field work is less.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 No standard measurement of validity.
 Need expertise.
 Accuracy and reliability is always lesser than primary
data.

8. ⦁ Field of investigation,
⦁ Nature of data required,
⦁ Objectives and scope of enquiry,
⦁ Budget, & Availability of resources,
⦁ Degree of accuracy desired,
⦁ Time factor

9. SOURCES/METHODS OF DATA
COLLECTION
SECONDARY
DATA
PRIVATE /PERSONAL
DOCUMENTS
PUBLIC
DOCUMENTS
PRIMARY
DATA
OBSERVATION
INTERVIEW
QUESTIONNAIRE
SCHEDULE
SURVEY
PANEL METHOD
CASE STUDY METHOD

11. SimilaritiesBetweenPrimary& SecondaryData
•ContainsSameContent:
Secondary data was once primary data when it was newly collected by the first researcher. The content of the data collected does
not change and therefore has the same content as primary data.
It doesn't matter if it was further visualized in the secondary form, the content does not change. A common example of these are
definitions, theorems, and postulates that were made years ago but still remain the same.
•Uses
Primary data and secondary data are both used in research and statistics. They can be used to carry out the same kind of
research in these fields depending on data availability. This is because secondary data and primary data have the same content.
The only difference is the method by which they are collected.
Since the method of collection does not directly affect the uses of data, they can be used to perform similar research. For example,
whether collected directly or from an existing database, the demography of a particular target market can be used to inform
similar business decisions.

13. ⦁ On the basis of the point that I have placed in my previous slides, it can
be concluded that non of the methods is free from one or the other
drawback. In fact, the method to be chosen depends upon the nature
of investigation, object and scope of enquiry, budget made for the
purpose of data collection, degree of accuracy desired and time with in
which the data has to be collected.