This presentation by Anthony Nyong from the African Development Bank shows the challenges, key policy and strategy issues in the Sahel zone, how to strengthen institutional capacities, how people can access financing, what the opportunities are and what can be concluded from all that.

1. Food security and adapting to
climate change in the Sahel:
A landscape approach
Anthony Nyong, Ph.D.
Manager, Compliance and Safeguards Division
African Development Bank

2. The Sahel

3. Challenges
• Climate change combined with other factors, is putting more
pressure on the societies in the Sahel.
• The 2011 drought in the Horn of Africa threatened about 12
million people with malnutrition, disease and loss of their
livelihoods.
• Heavy dependence on the ecosystem for rainfed agriculture,
fisheries, and livestock management to sustain livelihoods.
• Addressing the challenges in the Sahel should consider the
interlink between food, energy, water and human security.
• Solutions call for a more integrated approach – sustainable
ecosystem and landscape approaches.
• But limited capacities & capabilities to address these
challenges holistically – Institutional and policy support &
access to finance.

4. Key policy and strategy issues
• Policies and strategies to support landscape approaches
to food security should, at the minimum, consider:
o greater coherence, coordination and integration between
climate change, agricultural development and food security.
o Soil and water conservation strategies in the context of climate
change and sustainable development.
o Supporting pastoralism with more climate smart-policies – holistic
management of grassland ecosystems and controlled grazing.
o Integrating different energy production options - fuel wood
production, biogas and solar energy into the farming system.
o Strengthening gender equality in measures to improve food
security.
o Including local populations and indigenous knowledge systems.
• Policies should be consistent and anchored in national
development plans

5. Strengthening institutional capacities
• Collaboration across sectors to expand opportunities for
Sahel’s rural population.
• Linking national-level efforts across borders and countries.
• Strengthened research capacity to fill knowledge gap.
• Capacity to design viable and bankable projects
• Ability to use climate science information in assessing risks
and vulnerability
• Existence of viable and credible national institutions to
support financing and insurance needs.

6. Access to finance
• Considerable investment is required in both upstream and
downstream aspects of sustainable agriculture
• Available financing, current and projected, are insufficient
• Mechanisms to disburse are weak and fragmented
• Need to innovatively combine financing from public and
private sources, as well as those earmarked for climate
change and food security to meet the investment
requirements of the agricultural sector.
• Improve national allocations to agriculture while exploring
other innovative financing sources
• Important to develop innovative mechanisms that will link
small holders to finance as well as leverage private finances

7. Improving access to and delivery of
finances
Table 1: Climate Finance in sub-Saharan Africa – The State of Play
Source: ODI (2013) : Climate Finance Regional Briefing Sub-Saharan Africa.

8. Opportunities
•
Several successful sustainable land management innovations that
protect fragile soils, improve productivity, and create income
opportunities for the vast rural population.
o Farmers in the Sahel have good adoption rates for new seed varieties and
breeds.
o Integrated practices through agroforestry, agro-pastoralism and
intercropping are widespread and rainwater harvesting
•
The establishment of CILSS provides an institutional framework to
implement policies and strategies across country borders
•
The Sahel enjoys strong international support
•
Some countries have introduced policies to create safety nets
and/or enhanced the abilities of rural farmers to receive credit
facilities from Banks (Ethiopia, Nigeria)
•
Creation of National Agricultural Insurance Companies (Nigeria)
•
Some countries have experience in establishing national climate
change Funds to attract investments towards climate-smart
agriculture (Nigeria, Kenya).

9. African Development Bank’s
Interventions
• The African Development Bank is granting $4 billion to the
Sahel to make it a region of stability of economic growth.
• The Bank launched a $300m program to support pastoral
production to build resilience in the in the Horn of Africa.
• The Bank is committing $US10 billion Climate Change
Action (2011 – 2015) to support low-carbon and climate
resilient development in Africa.
• The Bank published the Africa Ecological Footprint report
that drew attention to manage Africa’s natural resources in
an integrated manner.

10. AfDB’s Climate Change Action Plan
(Investing $US10 Billion between 2011 and 2015)

11. Parting thoughts
• Sustainable landscape approaches to food security seems
the right way to go, but existing structure of global funds
do not support this.
• The Green Climate Fund may miss the opportunity to
address this.
• The prospects for regional operations across state
boundaries remain bleak in current negotiations.
• Need to revive the carbon market so that programs like
NAMA and REDD can support mitigation efforts in
agriculture.
• Leverage private sector investment in agriculture and in
adaptation finance.
• Filling important knowledge gaps – to avoid negative
externalities.

12. Thank You