Presented by Peter Holmgren, CIFOR's Director General, at the Bogor Agricultural Institute (Institut Pertanian Bogor or IPB), Indonesia, on February 17, 2017. Part of the IPB Talks series.

1. Forestry and Landscapes
Solutions for Sustainable Development
Peter Holmgren
Director General, CIFOR
Bogor, 17 February 2017

2. Past and projected (wanted) trends
0
50
100
150
200
250
GDP/capita
Food production
CO2 emissions
NOT food insecure
Food price
Food insecure

3. Forests.
What is the problem?
Real-world issues?
or
the way we frame problems
and engineer ”solutions”?

4. Framing exercise 1

5. Prob-
lem
100 Mt/d GHG emissions – Major Problem 1,500 Mt/d GPP from photosynthesis – Major Opportunity!
Opportunity!
Framing exercise 2

6. This is not only a chain saw.
It is also a value-chain saw.
Framing exercise 3

7. FIRES IN INDONESIA 2015
• Add picture of kalimantan here (irresistible news) Framing exercise 4

8. NORTHERN HEADLINES WERE OFTEN ABOUT
CO2 EMISSIONS AND HABITATS
• How Indonesia's Fires Made it the Biggest Climate Polluter (Bloomberg 29
Oct)
• Southeast Asia's haze crisis: A 'crime against humanity’ (CNN 29 Oct)
• How to Save Indonesia’s Forests (NYT 23 Oct)
• Indonesian forest fires on track to emit more CO2 than UK (The Guardian 7
Oct)
• South East Asia haze: Orangutans at risk in Indonesia fires (BBC 19 Oct)
• Indonesia- Massive Fires and Carbon Emissions (Canada Free Press (19
Jan)
• Haze threatens Singapore Formula 1 race (BBC 16 Sep)
• With Latest Fires Crisis, Indonesia Surpasses Russia as World’s Fourth-
Largest Emitter (WRI 29 Oct)
• Indonesia’s Fire Outbreaks Producing More Daily Emissions than Entire
US Economy (WRI 16 Oct)

9. NEWS REPORTING FOR WHOSE AGENDA?

10. THE NORTHERN EMISSION FOCUS IS ETHICALLY QUESTIONABLE
 2.6 million ha of land burnt and
$15-30 billions of economic
losses
 43 million people exposed to
haze
 ½ million victims of acute
respiratory infections
 19 people reported dead
 Estimated 100,000 premature
deaths

11. Bad Godesberg
Rhine valley,
Germany
ca 1800 – 2016
Think long-term.
Framing exercise 5

12. The new global assessments and the forest
Like the blind men, global forest assessments
fail to provide a unified picture
Framing exercise 6

13. Despite the political attention on deforestation over past decades
- this is the sharpest global picture in official statistics.
- and it isn’t even deforestation!

14. Selected problem-oriented framings that can be problematic
1. The Environment-Problem-Corner preference
2. North-Knows-Best
3. Top-down, Global-Overriding-Local
4. Sector silos and dichotomization
5. Silver bullet short-term approaches
6. False sense of knowing (cf post-truth)

15. Alternative framings.
Opportunities.

16. SDG’S – NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR INTEGRATION
- AND IT WORKS ON ALL SCALES: LOCAL TO GLOBAL!

17. But… There is a risk that also the SDGs are boxed-in

18. Redefining Forestry: Fundamentals for achieving the SDG’s
from CIFOR/Daju Resosudarmo’s presentation to UNGA Feb 2014
 Food, nutrition and health
 Water
 Energy
 Housing
 Livelihoods and employment
 Climate change adaptation and
mitigation
 Biodiversity conservation
 Resilience and safety nets
 To environmental and
economic external shocks

19. CIFOR
Strategy
2016-2025
aligned
with all
17 SDGs

20. REFRAMED AND REDEFINED

21. BROADENING THE FRAME:
LANDSCAPES AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable landscapes are fundamental for our future
Sector and institution fragmentation hinder us from finding
good landscape solutions
A generic landscape framework can provide leverage for
scaling up sustainable development
We must embrace and appreciate local ownership and
diversity in priorities and solutions
Forestry should be addressed and applied in this context –
this is a challenge for current institutions (cf SDG17)

22. The Landscape Approach –
integrated solutions for people across sectors
“Despite some barriers to
implementation, a landscape approach
has considerable potential to meet social
and environmental objectives at local
scales while aiding national commitments
to addressing ongoing global challenges.”
Reed et al. 2016, Global Change Biology.

23. So, complex framing of forests.
How can we then
effectively
measure success?
without - as usual - complicating
things too much.

25. My list – Forest progress measures
1. Amount of biomass in forests (or better – landscapes)
2. Value of primary forest products (marketed and not)
3. Number of legal conflicts over forest resources
If these three are all stable or improving,
we have a good-enough confirmation
that forests increasingly contribute
to sustainable development.

26. CIFOR WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1993
- AN INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION WITH A GLOBAL REACH
• Center without walls
• Landscapes without boundaries
• SDG’s without silos