This presentations explains the national plan concerning forest restoration in Brazil, how they built it, how to motivate society and several strategies to make it a success.

1. Forest restoration: national
plan, MMA actions lines and a
zoom in Atlantic Forest
Ministry of the Environment - MMA
Secretariat of Biodiversity and Forests - SBF
Department of Biodiversity Conservation – DCBio
In Landscape approach to reforestation of Atlantic Rainforest,
Brazil: socioenvironmental context and economic viability, Global
Landscape Forum, Warsaw, 16-17.11.13

2. Perspectives
• Large-scale forest restoration
• Bridging public policy with science
• Ecological restoration with economic revenue to
landowners
• Funding for ecological restoration
• Up scaling forest restoration supply chain
• Integration of public agendas (federal, state,
and county level)
• Implementation of Brazilian Forest Code and
the National Brazilian Biodiversity Target no. 15 –
Ecological restoration

3. Millions ha
(Mha)
Demand for restoration
according to the Brazilian
Forest code
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
8
6
5
Map: IBGE – 2004
2
Total = 21 Mha
Amazônia
Mata Atlântica
Cerrado
Caatinga
Pantanal
Pampa
Demand for restoration per biogeographical domain adapted from Soares-Filho, B. S., 2013.

4. What the Federal Government Plan (PPA12-15)
defines about forest restoration ?
• Goal: foster ecological restoration research and
implementation in farms as a compliance with
forest code and a new business
• Targets:
– Build a National Forest Restoration Plan 2014-19
– Define ecological restoration protocols and
perform economic viability analyses for each
biome
– perform economic viability analyses for each
biogeographical domain
– Implement 12 CRADs (Reference Centers for
Ecological Restoration)

5. Target 1: build a National Forest
Restoration Plan
• Lessons-learned and best practices from
past experiences
• Structured on 3 major chapters:
Motivation; Enabling Conditions and
Implementation
• Gaps and key success factors
• with the support of IIS, WRI & IUCN

6. How to build a plan that covers the several dimensions of
forest restoration ?
Natural regeneration
Private lands
Envrionmental
Services
Only native species
Some exotic species
Forest goods
Public lands
Assisted restoration

7. How to motivate Brazilian society
to join this endeavour?

8. Which are the enabling conditions ?

9. What about the implementation ?

10. And the eleven strategies are…
• MOTIVATE
1. Launch public awareness campaign on forest restoration
2. Launch landowner awareness campaign on forest restoration
• ENABLE
3. Increase availability of native seeds and seedlings
4. Build markets for goods and services generated by restored forests
5. Strengthen institutional cooperation and policy coherence for forest
restoration
• IMPLEMENT
6. Improve financial mechanisms for forest restoration
7. Strengthen extension services and capacity building for forest
restoration
8. Develop and implement a spatial planning and monitoring system for
forest restoration
9. Increase research on forest restoration
• TARGETED EFFORTS
10. Restore APP in riparian areas
11. Kick-start wide-scale natural regeneration

11. Target 2: define ecological
restoration protocols for each
biogeographical domain
Restoration methods clearing house
Collect ecological
restoration data in each
biogeographical region
Develop online database
Provide information on
methods and techniques
*Partnership with Embrapa
(Brazilian Agricultural
Research Corporation)

12. Target 3: perform economic viability
analyses for each biogeographical domain
Demand for
restoration
Ability to
restore
(structure)
Analysis of costs,
revenues, benefits,
and risks of supply
chain restoration
Data
analysis
Bottlenecks
and
restoration
business
cases
public policies
to boost
ecological
restoration,
based on
economical
analysis
*Partnership with IIS, IPEA and
Atlantic Forest Restoration Pact

13. Target 4: implement 12 CRADs
(Reference Centers for Ecological Restoration)
• Activities: research, training and outreaching in
ecological restoration
• University and NGOs based centers
• Governmental regulation (in process):
procedure for formal mission and duties
statement (criteria, scope of activities, target
public)
• Financial and institutional sustainability

14. Nursery development
Training courses
Seedling production
CRADs
Outreach
Photos: CRAD
University of Brasília

15. Biodiversity and Climate Change in
Atlantic Forest
• International Initiative for Climate Protection (IKI/BMU)

16. Why Atlantic Forest?
Biodiversity hotspot
 Remaining vegetation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
22% in different stages of regeneration
8% well conserved fragments (>100 ha)
20.000 plants
850 bird species
370 amphibian species
200 reptile species
270 mammal species
350 fish species
 60% of endangered species
 Protected areas
 ~ 10.000.000 ha (8% of original cover) e
10 PA mosaics (570.000 ha)

17. Few and isolated
High fragmented but with some large blocks
 245.173 fragments:
•
•
•
•
83% less than 50 ha (20% of area)
15% btw 50 - 500 ha (30% of area)
2% btw 500 - 10.000 ha (25% of area)
0,03% larger than 10.000 ha (25% of area)
 High isolation (medium distance until
the nearest forest):
• 1,4 km incl. all fragments until  30 ha
• 3,5 km incl. only fragments > 50 ha
• 8,0 km incl. only fragments > 200 ha
(fonte: Ribeiro, MC, Metzger, JP, Martensen, AC, Ponzoni, FJ, Hirota,
MM. 2009. The Brazilian Atlantica Forest: How much is left and how is
the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation.
Biological Conservation 142)
Foto: Pacto

18. It’s key for the us …
Ecosystem services
 At stake
•
•
•
•
1,3 millions km2 (15% of Brazil)
17 states and more than 3.400
counties
120 millions (70 % Brazilian
population)
80% of Brazilian GNP
• Hydrological, climate, slope
and soil protections
• Tourism, and cultural values:
key scenic landscapes
Dunas da Cidreira (RS)

19. The potential …
The rationale:

 remaining forest : 8 -22%

 population concentration: 70 %

 economical importance 80 % GDP
 high value for restoration of
ecosystem services

Forest restoration and connectiveness
increase reduce impacts from expected
increase of extreme climate events

High potential of carbon sequestration:
high content, addionality and permanence

Perfect place for one of the largest
forest restoration initiative (AF
Restoration PACT : 15,4 millions ha)
© Veracel Celulose
Dunas da Cidreira (RS)

20. What are the benefits …
Socioenvironmental
 Social aspects
• New jobs and more incoming to
poor local communities

Economical aspects
• Strengthening of restoration
custody chain
• Land availability: 31 millions ha of
low productivity pastures with low
opportunity cost
• Leakage risk could be neutralized
with increase of pasture
productivity exploring the low use
of support capacity (34%)
Foto: Pacto

21. Some key inputs:
Spatial strategy for Atlantic Forest
 Long term monitoring of forest remaining fragments
 Priority areas for biodiversity conservation
 Priority areas for connectiviness increase by forest restoration
biodiversity conservation
connectiviness increase by forest restoration

22. Inaction risks

23. Costs with tragedy versus costs with effective management of Permanent Protection Areas –
PPA in Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro State (US dollars)
PPA (river borders)
Campo Grande neighborhood
Minimum
Maximum
Bonsucesso neighborhood
Minimum
Maximum
Costs with tragedy
Structural Total Cost
Non-Structural Total Cost
Emergency Total Costs
$6.774.194,04
$19.207.109,78 $1.692.826,18
$4.429.561,64
$75.208,71
$221.220,27
$24.972,44
$73.857,91
$406.292,09
$1.470.613,96
$316.460,71
$722.695,60
Externalities (mortality e morbidity)
Total Costs with tragedy
$54.896.490,49 $187.036.199,29 $7.100.512,71 $24.191.946,53
$62.152.185,33 $207.935.143,29 $9.134.772,04 $29.418.061,69
Costs with effective management of PPAs
Costs with reallocation of settlements
located on PPAs
Costs with PPA reforestation
$8.603.795,20 $2.765.218,62
$7.988.409,73
$766.577,78
$1.724.800,00
$488.888,89
$1.100.000,00
$19.505,69
$37.694,80
$72.392,22
$139.898,98
$0,00
Costs with urbanization of new
settlements (out of PPAs)
$2.978.236,80
$0,00
$183.873,07
$234.277,02
Opportunity costs of agriculture on PPAs
Total Costs with effective management
of PPAs
$3.764.320,27
$10.366.290,00 $3.510.372,80 $9.462.585,73

24. What are the best restoration models for Atlantic
Forest ?
Suzano’s area in Mucuri – BA
Fibria’s area in Aracruz – ES
Restoration associated with management of timber and non-timber forest products
Experimental area – around 10 ha

25. A taxonomy of forest restoration
models

26. Creating track records and better economical
analysies
Symbiosis - area in Trancoso, Porto Seguro - BA
Investments in timber sector
Current planting area – ~1000 ha of native species
Goal – 100.000 ha

27. 1988

28. 2008

29. 1988

30. 2008

31. Obrigado !
Carlos Alberto de Mattos Scaramuzza, PhD
Director
55-61-2028-2028
carlos.scaramuzza@mma.gov.br