Incorporating Blue Carbon in REDD+
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Presented by Daniel Murdiyarso (CIFOR) at SBSTA 50, 25 Jun 2019, World Conference Center, Bonn, Germany.
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Incorporating Blue Carbon in REDD+
- 1. Incorporating Blue Carbon in REDD+ Daniel Murdiyarso
- 2. What is blue carbon? • Blue Carbon includes ocean blue carbon that represents carbon stored in open ocean carbon pools. • Coastal Blue Carbon – The carbon stored in tidal wetlands, which includes tidally influenced forests, mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass meadows, within soil, living biomass and non living biomass carbon pools.
- 3. Blue carbon distribution UNEP-WCMC, ISME 2011
- 4. McLeod et al. (2011) 20 x Carbon burial rates
- 5. 3-4 x Ecosystem C stocks
- 6. GHG Inventory • 2006 IPCC Guidelines Blue Carbon • Mangrove • Seagrass AFOLU • Salt marshes National Reporting • National Communications • Biennial Update Reports Paris Agreement 1.5/2 degC GHG Inventory • 2013 IPCC Supplement • 2019 IPCC Refinement Blue Carbon • Mangrove • Seagrass WETLANDS • Salt marshes National Reporting • National Communications • Biennial Update Reports • NDC Blue Carbon and the IPCC Guidelines
- 7. Challenge: Indonesian case • Area: 2.9 Mha (MoF 2009) • Ecosystem C stocks 1,083 Mg C ha–1 • Soil (80%) • Biomass (20%) • Total C stocks: 3.14 Pg C • Deforestation • Rate 52,000 ha/yr (FAO 2007) • Relatively small (6% total forest loss) • Emission rate: 190 Gg CO2eq yr-1 30% GHG emissions land sector Murdiyarso et al. 2015. Nature CC
- 8. Opportunity: FREL to improve Source: MOEF 2015
- 9. Opportunity: regulation to enhance • Restoration & conservation • Public awareness • Capacity building • Database Sustainable Development Goals • SDG 14 • Target 14.2 KEMENKO/ BAPPENAS MHA MOEF MMAF CSO Paris Agreement • NAMA, REDD, JMA • NDC, BUR Subnational Source: Murdiyarso 2018
- 10. • Mangroves have disproportionately large C storage, hence huge potential for CC mitigation • REDD+ could be one of the mechanisms that Indonesia can pursue to include Blue Carbon • The existing FREL may be improved to accommodate the inclusion of Blue Carbon Concluding remarks
Notas del editor
- Scientific community has recognized the wide range of services that coastal ecosystems can provide Salt marshes, mangroves, and seagrass meadows are unique ecosystems that support aquatic biodiversity, provide hatching ground and nursery for fish, protect coastal zones from storm surges, wave and tsunami They are also large storehouse of coastal Blue Carbon The rates of C burial of these coastal ecosystems is significantly higher than any terrestrial ecosystems Notably, mangrove is capable of capturing and storing C, as large as five times than lowland tropical forests that are mostly reside in sediments Intact coastal BC has to be protected for CC mitigation and human well-being.
- However, mangroves are among the most threatened and rapidly disappearing natural ecosystem Deforestation rate of around 13 Mha of mangrove, mainly for aquaculture development is well above 1% per year GHG emissions due to unsustainable coastal development is up to 1 Billion tons of CO2-eq per annum or 20% of emission from global deforestation It is resulting a global economic loss of US$ 6-40 B Mangrove conversions also leave millions of hectares of abandoned and degraded coastal wetlands