This document summarizes research on internal migration and deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon. The research examined migration patterns across four landscapes in the Peruvian Amazon and analyzed how migration has impacted land use and forest cover change over time. The research found that most villages in the study areas have been steadily occupied since the 1970s-1980s through spontaneous settlement. Migrants came from varied regions but many were born in the Amazon. While migration drivers included accessing land and opportunities, the links between migration and deforestation were complex. Effective policy needs a better understanding of how governance impacts these dynamics and people's land use decisions over time.
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Internal Migration, Settlement and Deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon
1. Internal Migration, Settlement
and Deforestation in the
Peruvian Amazon
Global Landscape Forum
Connecting for impact: From commitment to action
Bonn, Germany
December 2, 2018
2. • Examine internal migration and the SDGs
• In particular, SDG-15: Life on Land
“Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification,
and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss”
• Draw examples for research in the Peruvian
Amazon
▪ Discuss migration patterns observed
▪ Examine associated patterns of land use change
▪ Reflect on policy implications of observed patterns
Setting the stage
3. Migration and Peru’s
Forest Frontiers
Migration seen as key driver of
deforestation in the Peruvian Amazon
Lack of systematic information about
migration, the characteristics of migrants
or the actual effects of migration on
forests
Underlying narrative emphasizes
population shift by Andean peoples from
highlands to forested lowlands
Weak foundation for policy action or
strategy
4. Research Sites
Tournavista
Abujao
Neshuya
Pisqui
Neshuya landscape, formerly
production forest occupied in the
1980s
Abujao landscape, traditional
floodplain settlements
Tournavista landscape, older frontier
with overlapping property claims
Pisqui landscape, indigenous
communities
5. Migration
Indicators in Peru • Birthplace (whether individual
had been born at location when
counted during the census)
• Recent migrants (whether the
individual had lived at a
different location 5 years
earlier)
Where were the
migrants in our sample?
6. Migration Indicators
Birthplace by province
Distribution in landscapes
71%
29%
All Informants
Migrantes
Non-Migrantes
69%
31%
ABUJAO
98%
2%
NESHUYA
16%
84%
PISQUI
89%
11%
TOURNAVISTA
8. Migration Indicators
Birthplace by village
Distribution in landscapes
84%
16%
All Informants
Migrantes
Non-Migrantes
96%
4%
ABUJAO
100%
0%
NESHUYA
43%
57%
PISQUI
96%
4%
TOURNAVISTA
9. Migration Indicators
Region of Birth
Distribution of ‘Amazonians’ varied
4%
18%
78%
Abujao
15%
36%
49%
Neshuya
4%
55%
41%
Tournavista
100%
Pisqui
7%
29%
64%
All Informants
Coast
Highlands
Amazon
10. High Mobility
Mobility and Settlement
Stable Settlements
• Most villages settled in 1970 or 1980
• Informants averaged 19 years in
current village
• Migrants had lived 23 years in the
Amazon on average
13. Occupation through spontaneous settlement
• Forest lands targeted for occupation because
seen as unused
• Residents demarcated properties on their own in
collaboration with neighbors
• Gradually, as settlements coalesced, state
agencies provided services and infrastructure
• Later the State formalized property claims
• However, tendency to only title deforested areas
PHOTO
Migration Patterns and Settlement
14. Migration drivers reported
o Search for arable land
o Search for economic opportunity (wage labor)
o Search for public services
o Forced migration (terrorism, violence, and
natural disasters)
Migration patterns and outcomes strongly
influenced by national and regional
governance dynamics
Link between migration patterns and
deforestation were complex – however
infrastructural improvement closely
associated with forest conversion
PHOTO
Migration Patterns and Settlement
15. Conclusions
Promotion of sustainable land use and forest
management should reflect better
understanding of patterns and impacts of
demographic change on forest frontiers
• Effective policy actions and strategies require better
understanding of
o How existing policy framework create current context
o How agendas and actions of different agencies compete or
conflict
o How competing policies undermine broader governmental
goals or led to unintended consequences
• Need to identify shared agendas to increase
collaboration and balance tradeoffs
• Patterns of internal migration observed in Peru expose
complexity of processes and the need for timely
evidence for decision support
BOGOR, Indonesia (13 June, 2012) _ Indonesia’s president today said that the sustainable management of the world’s forests is critical for equitable economic growth and he called for a “fundamental reinvention and reorganization of societies throughout the world.”
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said that Indonesia’s economy has changed from one in which forests were sacrificed in return for economic growth, to an environmentally sustainable one where forests are prized for the wide range of ecological services that they provide to society. He declared that by 2025 “no exploitation of resources should exceed its biological regenerative capacity.”
BOGOR, Indonesia (13 June, 2012) _ Indonesia’s president today said that the sustainable management of the world’s forests is critical for equitable economic growth and he called for a “fundamental reinvention and reorganization of societies throughout the world.”
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said that Indonesia’s economy has changed from one in which forests were sacrificed in return for economic growth, to an environmentally sustainable one where forests are prized for the wide range of ecological services that they provide to society. He declared that by 2025 “no exploitation of resources should exceed its biological regenerative capacity.”
BOGOR, Indonesia (13 June, 2012) _ Indonesia’s president today said that the sustainable management of the world’s forests is critical for equitable economic growth and he called for a “fundamental reinvention and reorganization of societies throughout the world.”
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said that Indonesia’s economy has changed from one in which forests were sacrificed in return for economic growth, to an environmentally sustainable one where forests are prized for the wide range of ecological services that they provide to society. He declared that by 2025 “no exploitation of resources should exceed its biological regenerative capacity.”
BOGOR, Indonesia (13 June, 2012) _ Indonesia’s president today said that the sustainable management of the world’s forests is critical for equitable economic growth and he called for a “fundamental reinvention and reorganization of societies throughout the world.”
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said that Indonesia’s economy has changed from one in which forests were sacrificed in return for economic growth, to an environmentally sustainable one where forests are prized for the wide range of ecological services that they provide to society. He declared that by 2025 “no exploitation of resources should exceed its biological regenerative capacity.”
BOGOR, Indonesia (13 June, 2012) _ Indonesia’s president today said that the sustainable management of the world’s forests is critical for equitable economic growth and he called for a “fundamental reinvention and reorganization of societies throughout the world.”
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono said that Indonesia’s economy has changed from one in which forests were sacrificed in return for economic growth, to an environmentally sustainable one where forests are prized for the wide range of ecological services that they provide to society. He declared that by 2025 “no exploitation of resources should exceed its biological regenerative capacity.”