Presented by Rupesh Bhomia, Scientist, CIFOR at Online Workshop Capacity Building on the IPCC 2013 Wetlands Supplement, FREL Diagnostic and Uncertainty Analysis, 20-22 September 2021

1. Mangrove emission factors:
Navigating Chapter 4 – Coastal Wetlands
(Session 1)
Rupesh Bhomia, Sigit Sasmito and
Daniel Murdiyarso
CIFOR

2. Concluding Remarks
Purpose of this session
• Familiarize the structure of 2013 IPCC Wetlands
Supplement, especially Chapter 4
• Understand the links with 2006 IPCC Guidelines, especially
on mangroves and the assumptions used
• Discuss Tier 1 methods (parameters and factors) as default
values and possibility of using Tier 2
• Explore the use of the Wetlands Supplement (Chapter 4)
for Forest Reference Emission Level (FREL)

3. Introduce the Wetland IPCC
supplement to:
• Present linkages between the 2006
IPCC guidelines and the supplement
• Provide an understanding of the
structure of the supplement for
reporting national emissions/
removals from peatlands
https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/
Objectives

4. 2006 IPCC Guidelines on wetlands restricted to
peatlands drained & managed for peat extraction,
conversion to flooded lands, & limited guidance for
drained organic soils
 Wetlands Supplement extends content of 2006
Guidelines by filling gaps and providing updates
reflecting scientific advances, but does not replace it
Introduction: Overview of the guidelines

5. Introduction: Overview of the guidelines

6. Chapters 2 and 3 in the Wetlands Supplement do not
provide additional guidance for the pools biomass and dead
organic matter
➢Generic methods for estimating above-ground and below-
ground biomass carbon stock changes for all land-use
categories are available in Section 2.3.1, Chapter 2 in
Volume 4 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines
Introduction: Overview of the guidelines

7. Chapter 4 provides:
oguidance for CO2 emissions and removals from organic
and mineral soils for the management activities of
extraction (including construction of aquaculture and salt
production ponds), drainage and rewetting, revegetation
and creation;
o default data for estimation of anthropogenic CO2
emissions and removals for soils in mangrove, tidal marsh
and seagrass meadows;
oguidance for N2O emissions during aquaculture use;
oguidance for CH4 emissions for rewetting, revegetation
and creation of mangroves, tidal marshes and seagrass
meadows.
Introduction: Overview of the guidelines

8. Tier: A level of methodological complexity
• Tier 1: Default method. Equations & emission factors
(EF) for estimating emissions/removals in guidelines
• Tier 2: Intermediate method. Country-specific or
disaggregation by e.g. climate, peat-nutrient status,
etc.
• Tier 3: The most complex & data-demanding
method. Detailed modeling / high resolution.
• All tiers are intended to provide unbiased estimates.
Accuracy & precision expected to improve from Tier
1 to Tier 3
Methodological Tiers

9. • Need of guidance on estimating and reporting
anthropogenic GHG emissions and removals from
managed coastal wetlands.
• Coastal wetlands (tidal freshwater and salt marshes,
seagrass meadows, and mangroves) hold large
reservoirs of carbon (C) in biomass and especially soil
• Significant global stocks:
omangroves, ~8 Pg C (Donato et al., 2011),
otidal marshes, ~0.8 Pg C (Pendleton et al., 2012), and
oseagrass meadows, 4.2 – 8.4 Pg C (Fourqurean et al., 2012)
Coastal Blue Carbon: Background

10. It is a good practice to report mangroves in the appropriate national
land-use category according to the national forest definition
Source: IPCC (2014)
Mangroves

11. Specific management activities in mangroves
Activity Sub activity
Activities relevant to CO2 emissions and removals
Forest management
practices in mangroves*
Planting, thinning, harvest, wood removal, fuelwood removal,
charcoal production*
Extraction Excavation to enable port, harbour and marina construction and
filling or dredging to facilitate raising the elevation of land
Drainage Agriculture, forestry, mosquito control
Rewetting, revegetation and
creation
Conversion from drained to saturated soils by restoring hydrology
and reestablishment of vegetation
Activities relevant to non-CO2 emissions
Aquaculture (use) N2O emissions from aquaculture use
Rewetted soils CH4 emissions from change to natural vegetation following
modifications to restore hydrology
* including conversion to Forest Land or conversion from Forest Land to other land uses.

12. Carbon pools – Tier 1
(t d.m. ha-1)
Aboveground
Biomass
Dead organic
matter
Soil carbon
Belowground
Biomass
2
3
4
Organic: 471 (216-935)
Mineral: 286 (55-1376)
(Table 4.11)
Litter: 0.7 (0-1.3)
Dead wood: 10.7 (6.5-14.8)
(Table 4.7)
Tropical Wet 0.49 (0.04-1.1)
Tropical Dry 0.29 (0.09-0.79)
Root/shoot ratio, R
(Table 4.5)
Tropical Wet 192 (8.7-384)
Tropical Dry 92 (3.2-201)
(Table 4.3)
1

13. Assumptions – Tier 1
Forest management, soil carbon stock does not change
Extraction, after construction pond/excavated soils, soil
carbon stock is zero
Soil carbon stock is limited up to 1 meter
All estimates are “initial change”
Salt production/
Aquculture

14. 0.71

15. Tier 1: All pools emissions/removals - Ext
Eqn.4.4
Eqn.4.5
Eqn.4.6
Eqn.4.4
Eqn.4.5
Eqn.4.6
Eqn.4.4
Eqn.4.5
Eqn.4.6

16. Tier 1: All pools emissions/removals - Exc
Eqn.4.4 Eqn. 4.5 Eqn. 4.6

17. Tier 1: Biomass emissions/removals - Ext
0.45
0.49 192

18. Tier 1: DOM emissions/removals - Ext
0 10.7+0.7

19. Tier 1: Soil emissions/removals - Ext
0 471

20. Higher Tiers: for Stock-Different methods
Tier 2
National data could include country specific values of any parameter used
in the Tier 1 method or values that permit biomass carbon stock changes
using the Stock-Difference method. Refer also to the relevant sections of
Volume 4 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for further guidance.
Tier 3
Tier 3 methods may employ the use of data that are of higher order spatial
disaggregation and that depend on variation in salinity or further
disaggregation of regional differences within a country. Forest growth rates
of specific age ranges could be applied. Refer also to the relevant sections
of Volume 4 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for further guidance.

21. Aboveground
Biomass
Dead organic
matter
Soil carbon
Belowground
Biomass
2
3
4
1
TECS
Towards Tier 2

22. Tier 1: CO2 emissions from rewetting
-1.62 t C/ha/yr

23. Tier 1: CO2 emissions from drainage
7.9 t C/ha/yr

24. Tier 1: CH4 emissions from rewetting
193.7 kg CH4 ha/yr

25. Tier 1: N2O emissions from aquaculture
0.00169 kg N2O-N per kg fish produced

26. Reference
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27. Thank you