Facts and Fears: Fact Checking in the Age of Online Misinformation
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Presentation by Orna from FactCheck NI at the CILIP Ireland and Library Association of Ireland Joint Conference 2021
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Facts and Fears: Fact Checking in the Age of Online Misinformation
- 1. Facts and Fears: Fact Checking in the Age of Online Misinformation Orna Young FactCheckNI CILIP Ireland/LAI Joint Conference, April 2021
- 2. Orna Young Executive Director @OrnaYoung @FactCheckNI www.factcheckni.org Think. Check. Share.
- 4. Q. How long goes the average person spend online each week in the UK? A. We now spend over a full day a week on the internet! “UK internet users on average spend 3 hours 29 minutes using the internet per day” – Source: OFCOM Communications Market Report 2020
- 6. A FACT is something that can be Checked and backed up with evidence. An OPINION is something that is based on a belief or a view
- 7. Critical thinking • Precise answers to precise questions • Conclusions logically follow evidence • Be open-minded about views that may contrast with your own • Avoid preconceptions, assumptions, and self-serving bias • Be aware of herd instinct or conformism
- 9. The fact-checking process Claim selection Research Drafting Editorial team Publishing Corrections
- 10. Claim selection Fact-checkers ask themselves two crucial questions before selecting a claim to evaluate • Is this important? • Is this fact-checkable?
- 17. Check videos • Has it been reported in the media? Has anything been obviously doctored? • Screenshot – reverse image search • Classic fact check – who, what, when, where, why & how?
- 18. Wayback machine Wayback Machine - https://archive.org/web/
- 20. How to deal with conspiracy theories • Conspiracy theories are not about legitimate political questions and debates, but outlandish plots and fictions • They come from place of fear • Don’t dismiss the person • Have empathy • Ask questions – encourage them to think critically – where is it from? What’s missing?
- 21. Questions to ask yourself Where’s it from? What’s missing? How does it make you feel? THINK. CHECK. SHARE.
- 22. Orna Young Executive Director @OrnaYoung @FactCheckNI www.factcheckni.org Think. Check. Share.
Notas del editor
- Time is limited and not all claims can be fact-checked. It’s helpful to have a mission or philosophy to help guide the selection of claims to check. For example, Africa Check asks itself four questions including “What impact would the statement have if it goes unchecked?” Public claims are full of predictions and opinions that are not by their nature fact-checkable. But there are also lots of statements that sit somewhat uncomfortably in the middle between a clear fact and a clear opinion.
- Think critically. Before dissecting the video itself, see if there’s anything else you can use to debunk or confirm it. Has it been reported in the media? Is there anything in the video that seems obviously doctored? Videos are relatively hard to verify, so try to avoid doing unneeded work. 2. Look for inflammatory language and basic information, such as the who, what, when, where, why and how. If the former is present while the latter is lacking, there’s a good indicator that the video could be misleading. 3. See if the details of the video change depending on the sharer. If one post claims a video takes place in one country while another say it doesn’t, that should cause some pause. “The backstories for hoax videos are frequently changed to cater to certain audiences,” Evan said. Additionally, watch the video and read its accompanying text separately to determine whether or not what it claims to depict is plausible. 4. Use tools like Amnesty International’s YouTube Dataviewer or download the InVid browser extension. While the former focuses exclusively on YouTube, the latter allows people to paste a link from YouTube, Facebook or Twitter to get more information about its origins, as well as pull out key frames for further inspection. 5. If you’re on mobile, take a screenshot of the video and upload it to a reverse image search service to see if it’s published elsewhere online — that can give you a better clue as to whether or not it’s true. Google and TinEye are great tools for this. 6. If pulling individual frames from InVid doesn’t work, try slowing the video down using software like VLC to see the transitions. With fake videos, it’s relatively easy to tell when a scene is doctored if you watch in slow motion. Alternatively, try using FFmpeg to get more detailed key frames, then run a reverse image search. 7. Download the video and check out its metadata. While most social media platform strip this information out once someone uploads it, if you have the source material, there might be clues as to the videos origin. Try using your computer’s native file browser or things like Exiftool. 8. If the video takes place outside, use geolocation software to check whether it’s actually where it claims to be. Google Earth and Wikimapia, a user-annotated collection of satellite imagery, are good tools for this.
- We are living through a global health emergency in which the communication of misinformation and disinformation — or what has been termed “an infodemic” — will quite literally mean the difference between life and death. Never before has the quality and accuracy of the information we are consuming mattered on such an immediate and global scale. While social media platforms and communication apps must play their role in removing misinformation, individuals also have a responsibility to check what they are sharing.