Presentation delivered by Dr. Robert T. Fraley (Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, Monsanto, USA) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico. http://www.borlaug100.org

1. Partnerships and the Future of
Agriculture Technology
Dr. Robert T. Fraley
Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer
Monsanto Company
2013 World Food Prize Laureate
@RobbFraley

2. 2
ENABLE
production of nutritious, affordable food

3. 3
Norman Borlaug Devoted His Life to Improving the
Most Important Global Staple Crop: Wheat
In 1944, Dr. Borlaug participated in the Rockefeller Foundation's pioneering
technical assistance program in Mexico, where he was a research scientist in
charge of wheat improvement.
For the next sixteen years, he worked to solve a series of wheat production
problems that were limiting wheat cultivation in Mexico and to help train a whole
generation of young Mexican scientists.
The work in Mexico not only had a profound impact on Dr. Borlaug's life and
philosophy of agriculture research and development, but also on agricultural
production, first in Mexico and later in many parts of the world.
It was on the research stations and farmers' fields of Mexico that Dr. Borlaug
developed successive generations of wheat varieties with broad and stable disease
resistance, broad adaptation to growing conditions across many degrees of
latitude, and with exceedingly high yield potential.
These new wheat varieties and improved crop management practices transformed
agricultural production in Mexico during the 1940's and 1950's and later in Asia
and Latin America, sparking what today is known as the "Green Revolution.“
It is said that Dr. Borlaug has
"saved more lives than any other person who has ever lived."
Source: WorldFood Prize

4. 4
Why is Increasing Agriculture
Production Needed?
1990 20121980 2050TODAY
4.4
B
7.1B
9.6B+
1ACRE
perpersonin
1961
lessthan
1/3ACREperpersonin
2050 DIETARYPERCENTAGEOFMEAT
9%
in 1965
14%
in 2030
CHANGING
economies & diets
CHANGING
climate
RISING
population
DECLINING
arable land
Source:http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/
Source:USThirdNationalClimateAssessment(2013)
Source:TheWorldBank,FoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnited
Nations(FAO-STAT),MonsantoInternalCalculations
Source:UNFAOFoodBalanceSheet,WorldHealthOrganization“Global
andregionalfoodconsumptionpatternsandtrends”

5. 5
Source: Ray DK, Mueller ND, West PC, Foley JA (2013) Yield Trends Are Insufficient to Double Global Crop Production by 2050. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66428.
Yield(tons/ha/yr)
Global Grain Demand is Expected to Double by 2050
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2013
2050RISING
CHANGING

6. 6
Source: US Third National Climate Assessment (2013)
CHANGING
Planting
Zone
Shifts
Staple Crops are Impacted by Climate Change
Advances in Technology Can Help Mitigate the Effects
Changes
In Weed
Pressure
Insect
Range
Expansion
Crop
Disease
Increases
Impacts on
Water
Availability
Increase in
Extreme
Weather

7. 7
McKinsey Global Institute has Identified Resource
Productivity Improvements that would Help Meet the
Future’s Needs
5 of the top 15 improvements are directly related to agriculture.
2. Increasing yields on large-scale farms
3. Reducing food waste
7. Increasing yields on smallholder farms
10. Reducing land degradation
13. Improving irrigation techniques
Source: McKinsey , 2011; “Resource Revolution: Meeting the world’s energy, materials, food, and water needs.”
Achieving resource productivity improvements would off-set the
increase in land demand and much of the increase in water demand.

8. 8
Global rates of yield gain (1961-2011), based on data available from FAOSTAT
Rate Needed to
Double Yields by 2050
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Potatoes
Sorghum
Sugar cane
Cassava
Millet
Pulses
Sweet Potatoes
Wheat
Rice
Soybeans
Maize
Annual Rate of Yield Gain (%)
Impact of Reducing
Food Wastage by 30%
Rates of Yield Increases for Staple Crops Vary with Plant Biology
Factors & Level of Technology Investment

9. 9
Adoption of Technology Innovation Leads to
Increases in Crop Yields
 Improved germplasm breeding
 Better farm equipment
 Optimized nutrient (NPK) usage
 Better water management
 Crop protection products
 Adoption of biotechnology traits
Source: USDA NASS
KEY
DRIVERS
United States
Maize average yields by country
MT/HA
10.0
India2.3
Mexico
3.2 Brazil
4.0
China5.4
Argentina6.7
France9.1
Source: USDA PSD
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
MetricTonsperHectare(MT/HA)
Historical Yield Trends for Maize (US)

10. 10
Field to Market (2012 V2). Environmental and Socioeconomic Indicators for Measuring Outcomes of On-Farm Agricultural Production in the United States: Second Report, (Version 2), December 2012. Available at: www.fieldtomarket.org.
Over the Past 30 Years, Corn Production has
Increased 64%, with Improved Resource Efficiency

11. 11
Support Remains High For Technology Investment
In Wheat
The Wheat Value Chain recognizes the need for increased investment in
technology for wheat.
Farmers continue the call for investment in new technology for wheat
Nine wheat-related associations
from Australia, Canada and the
U.S. support commercialization
of biotech wheat
Millers, bakers and food
companies are increasingly
supportive of technology in wheat
The Wheat InnovationAlliance is
working to achieve acceptance for
wheat enhanced by biotechnology
Herbicide-Tolerant EventControl

12. 12
Combinations of Technologies Deliver
Solutions for Farmers
COMBINED
solutions BIOLOGICALSBIOTECHNOLOGY
FARM MANAGEMENT
SOLUTIONS
CROP
PROTECTION
BREEDING
WEMULTIPLYTHEBENEFITSOF
INNOVATION
when we combine these
capabilities to solve problems
and increase efficiency

13. 13
>40 million marker-trait associations
enables detailed understanding of
the plant’s genome
which allows development of better
crop plants
Leveraging global seed resources
results in annual crop yield gains
Plant Breeding Is Experiencing A Technical
Revolution That Will Drive Yield Improvements

14. 14
Sources: ISAAA, Biotechnology Industry Organization, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Africxa Biosafety Network of Expertise.
Farmers Choose Biotechnology to Help Ensure Their
Success
>400 Million acres of GM crops were planted in 2012.
17 Million farmers in nearly 30 countries choose biotech.
Most of them are small-holder farmers.

15. 15Sources: Brookes, G. and Barfoot, P. GM Crops Food 3, 129-37 (2012); Brookes, G. and Barfoot, P. GM Crops Food 3, 1-8 (2012); Edgerton, M. D. et al. Nat. Biotech. 30, 493–496 (2012); National Research Council. The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on
Farm Sustainability in the United States (National Academies Press, Washington; 2010); Folcher, L. et al. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30, 711–719 (2010); Subramanian, A. & Qaim, M. WorldDev. 37, 256–267 (2009)
Crop Biotechnology is Safe, and Delivers Yield,
Economic, and Environmental Benefits
“There is no substantiated case
of any adverse impact on
human health, animal health
or environmental health,
…and I would be confident in
saying that there is no more
risk in eating GMO food than
eating conventionally farmed
food.”
Anne Glover, Chief Scientific Advisor
European Commission July 24, 2012
Fewer Pesticides  Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions  Increased Yields  Improved Soil Quality

16. 16Sources: Brookes, G. and Barfoot, P. GM Crops Food 3, 129-37 (2012); Brookes, G. and Barfoot, P. GM Crops Food 3, 1-8 (2012); Edgerton, M. D. et al. Nat. Biotech. 30, 493–496 (2012); National Research Council. The Impact of Genetically Engineered Crops on
Farm Sustainability in the United States (National Academies Press, Washington; 2010); Folcher, L. et al. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30, 711–719 (2010); Subramanian, A. & Qaim, M. WorldDev. 37, 256–267 (2009)
Crop Biotechnology is Safe, and Delivers Yield,
Economic, and Environmental Benefits
“There is no substantiated case
of any adverse impact on
human health, animal health
or environmental health,
…and I would be confident in
saying that there is no more
risk in eating GMO food than
eating conventionally farmed
food.”
Anne Glover, Chief Scientific Advisor
European Commission July 24, 2012
@RobbFraley robert.t.fraley@monsanto.com

17. 17
AG BIOTECHNOLOGY
Delivers Insect Control,
Weed Control, and
Stress Tolerance
ADVANCED BREEDING
Delivers Pest Control,
Stress Tolerance, and
Disease Control
DATA SCIENCE
Designed to Optimize Farm
Management Practices
AG BIOLOGICALS
Designed to Deliver Weed
Management, Insect
Management, Plant Health
and Bee Health
Going Beyond Biotech & Breeding: New Platforms
Designed to Deliver Innovations Needed to Meet Demand
The Next Steps In Evolution Of Technologies For Solving Farmers’ Challenges
Requires a Systems Approach

18. 18
Plant Population Soil Insecticides
HarvestPlanning
Soil Nematicides
Seed Treatment Fungicide Application –
In-Furrow
Soil Insecticides Variety/Hybrid
Selection In-Field
Variety/Hybrid Selection Tillage Level Starter Fertilizer Foliar Disease Control
Refuge Options Primary Tillage Program Herbicide Application Irrigation Application
In-Season
Crop Rotation Fertility Program Planting Speed Through
the Field
Post-Emergent Herbicide
Application
Timing
Production Planning Pre-Plant Irrigation Seed Depth Keep Stand or
Re-Plant
Equipment
Row Spacing Burn-Down Program Plant Population Post-Harvest AssessmentFertility Program
Weed Control Program Foliar Insect Control StoragepH Management Other Planting Operation
Decisions
Micronutrients/Fertility
Management
Crop Marketing Support
In-SeasonPlantingPre-Planting
Crop Diagnostics
Delivering Field Specific Insights & Information to Help
Farmers Improve Yield, Productivity and Reduce Risk
SOURCE: Monsanto team – The above boxes refer to some of the decisions farmers face in growing their crops.

19. 19
PRECISION
SEEDING
VARIABLE-
RATE
FERTILITY
FERTILITY &
DISEASE
MANAGEMENT
YIELD
MONITOR
USER
INTERFACE
BREEDING
DATABASE
BACKBONE
Advances in Information Technology Optimize Farm
Management Practices
Unlocking Yield Potential
Meter by Meter On The Farm

20. 20
Data Modeling Capabilities Can Improve Farm
Productivity - Field by Field
PLANTING-DATE AND
HARVEST ADVISOR
PEST AND DISEASE
IN-SEASON ADVISOR
TOTAL WEATHER
INSURANCE

21. 21
Rural, Small-Holder Farmers Are Also Connected to
Technology: FarmAgVisory
SM
Services
Mobile phone technologies allow
support for rural farmers:
Pest & Disease Control
Fertilizer Usage
Weed Management
Irrigation
Hybrid Recommendations
Weather Forecasts
Commodity Prices
Additional benefits:
“I am very happy with my healthy and higher yielding crop, all thanks to Dr. DEKALB Farm Care.”
Sonar Rehman, Farmer, Purnea, Bihar

22. 22
Biologicals-Based Products Have the Potential
to Expand Farmers’ Choices
Weed
Management
Insect
Management
Virus
Control
Bee
Health
Microbials
Pest
Control
Plant Vigor
& Yield
Seed
Treatment
Foliar
Applications
Precision
Planting
Delivery Methods
Disease
Control
BioDirect™

23. 23
BioDirect™ is Based on New Applications
of RNAi Technology
RNAi is
A Natural
Mechanism
to Control
the
Expression
of a Gene
DNA
Gene
RNA
Protein
Produced
DNA
Gene
RNA
“Transfers information from gene to
construct a protein”
When cells make RNAi it
specifically targets an RNA
RNA
broken up Protein
Not Produced
X
“Trigger”

24. 24
GR-Palmer Uninjured After Treatment
With WeatherMAX®
GR-Palmer Controlled By Combining
WeatherMAX® With EPSPS dsRNA
BioDirect ™ Originated from the Study of
Glyphosate Resistance in Weeds
Pigweed now killed by
Roundup
RNA for EPSPS
gene degraded
dsRNA +
Roundup
Glyphosate-resistant
Palmer Pigweed
BioDirect™ is Based on New Applications of RNAi
Technology

25. 25
182
184
186
188
190
192
194
196
198
200
Torque® * QuickRoots® * Acceleron®
Yield Bu/Ac
70 Locations
196
193.9
190.5
*Novozymes’ Products + Acceleron
Average Yield Improvement Of 4-6 Bu/Ac
Average Win Rate 52%
Microbial organisms can applied
to the seed before planting: yield
increases can be possible due to
superior nutrient uptake in plant’s
early life stage.
The Results From First Year Testing Of Novozymes
Microbes On Corn Were Encouraging

26. 26
Collaborations Create Better Solutions for Farmers
Improved crops from biotechnology
Germplasm improvements
Responsible pest management
Energy source alternatives
Enhanced food security
Investment in education and research
Product characterization & safety
Advances in agronomics
Dedication to sustainability

27. Public-Private Partnerships Are Increasingly Important
Mississippi River
Watershed Partnership
$5 Million investment to improve water quality
by developing on-farm best management
practices, urban storm water education
programs, and installing 1,000 water control
structures.
Conservation
International
$6.5 Million investment to preserve
biodiversity hotspots, including 8,000
hectares of forest. The program reached
more than 5,000 farmers and citizens.
Project
Share
A four-year pilot program aimed at providing
10,000 Indian farmers with tools they need to
boost production in corn and cotton. Farmer
incomes have increased 20-30%.
Water Efficient Maize
for Africa (WEMA)
Developing new drought-tolerant and insect
pest-protected maize hybrids for farmers in
Sub-Saharan Africa. The project’s first
conventional maize hybrid is available for
planting in Kenya in 2013.
Beachell-Borlaug
Scholarship
$13 Million investment for 2009-2016, thus
far resulting in support of 64 scholars from 25
countries. Scholars received Full
scholarships to study wheat and rice
breeding.

28. Monsanto’s Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program
Rice and Wheat are staple crops that are critical for global food security.
However, yield improvements lag behind other crops.
64 scholars from 25 different countries
$13 Million for wheat and rice breeding
PhD fellowships

29. WEMA is a Public-Private Partnership to Develop Drought-Tolerant &
Insect-Protected Maize for Sub-Saharan Farmers
Phase II of the program was
officially launched in 2013
and the first WEMA hybrids
were delivered to the hands
of Kenyan farmers last fall.

30. 30
Norman Borlaug Set the Example for Agriculture
Innovation

31. 31
JOIN THE CONVERSATION
@MonsantoCo
@RobbFraley
MonsantoCo
• MonsantoBlog.com
• MonsantoToday.com
• GMAonline.org
• GMOanswers.com

32. 32
Improving Agriculture. Improving Lives.