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5. delinquency and modern science

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Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice
Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice

CJCJ's Executive Director Daniel Macallair, is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Juvenile Justice course materials.

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www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Modern Science and Individual Causation Biochemical Neurological
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Biochemistry The study of the chemical processes in living organisms
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Biochemical reactions and behavior • Biochemical reactions occur constantly • Good health means all chemical reactions occurring normally • Changes in chemical reactions affect other chemical reactions leading to physical symptoms and or emotional symptoms. • The sequence of chemical reactions is called a chemical pathway or metabolic pathway • Adverse reactions can be naturally occurring or artificially induced
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Neurological The medical science that deals with the nervous system and disorders affecting it.
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Neurological disorders Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Smaller heads • Deformed facial features • Abnormal joints and limbs • Poor coordination • Problems with learning • Short memories Neurological disorders are caused by damage to the brain which can adversely impact the person’s behavior
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) • Lack of attention • Impulsivity • Hyperactivity
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Psychological Theories of Delinquency Psychoanalytic Behavioral Cognitive
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Psychoanalytic Theory and Delinquency Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 • Unconscious conflicts • Childhood traumas • Family abuse • Neurosis • Psychosis
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Behavioral Theory and Delinquency • Past experiences • Stimuli • Rewards and Punishments
www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Cognitive Development Theory and Delinquency Sensorimotor: (birth to about age 2) Preoperational: (begins about the time the child starts to talk to about age 7) Concrete: (about first grade to early adolescence) Formal Operations: (adolescence) Jean Piaget (1896-1980)

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5. delinquency and modern science

  • 1. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Modern Science and Individual Causation Biochemical Neurological
  • 2. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Biochemistry The study of the chemical processes in living organisms
  • 3. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Biochemical reactions and behavior • Biochemical reactions occur constantly • Good health means all chemical reactions occurring normally • Changes in chemical reactions affect other chemical reactions leading to physical symptoms and or emotional symptoms. • The sequence of chemical reactions is called a chemical pathway or metabolic pathway • Adverse reactions can be naturally occurring or artificially induced
  • 4. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Neurological The medical science that deals with the nervous system and disorders affecting it.
  • 5. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Neurological disorders Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Smaller heads • Deformed facial features • Abnormal joints and limbs • Poor coordination • Problems with learning • Short memories Neurological disorders are caused by damage to the brain which can adversely impact the person’s behavior
  • 6. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) • Lack of attention • Impulsivity • Hyperactivity
  • 7. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Psychological Theories of Delinquency Psychoanalytic Behavioral Cognitive
  • 8. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Psychoanalytic Theory and Delinquency Sigmund Freud 1856-1939 • Unconscious conflicts • Childhood traumas • Family abuse • Neurosis • Psychosis
  • 9. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Behavioral Theory and Delinquency • Past experiences • Stimuli • Rewards and Punishments
  • 10. www.cjcj.org © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013 40 Boardman Place San Francisco, CA 94103 Cognitive Development Theory and Delinquency Sensorimotor: (birth to about age 2) Preoperational: (begins about the time the child starts to talk to about age 7) Concrete: (about first grade to early adolescence) Formal Operations: (adolescence) Jean Piaget (1896-1980)