Presentation given at the CLA's Woodfuel Conference at Doddington Hall on Wednesday 30 October by Gary Battell, Suffolk County Council Woodland and Woodfuel Adviser.
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Fuelling your Boiler
1. Gary Battell
Suffolk County Council
Woodland & Woodfuel Advisory Officer
gary.battell@suffolk.gov.uk
Fuelling
your boiler
Government Business Award Winner
Ashden Award Winner
Confor Oscar Award Winner
5. Three main ways to fuel your boiler
Boiler & Woodland Owner
• Typically rural estates with their own resource
supplying their own boiler/s
Woodfuel Purchaser
• Single or multiple end users purchasing wood
under a supply purchase/contract.
Heat Supply ESCo
• Energy Services Company supplies heat (and
boiler/s) to an end user via a heat meter.
6. Fuelling your boiler
• Fuel storage design is crucial – Your fuel supplier /
chipper operator should be project design partners.
• Have adequate access and avoid side slope.
• In urban areas and in retrofits pellets should be
considered to reduce number of deliveries / noise &
storage.
• Optimum size of storage = 1.5 x 2 delivery size
= 20m3 - 30m3 - 68m3 - 110m3
• Keep fuel deliveries to a minimum – they are costly!
7. • Boiler owners will go where the cheap supply is...
• but woodfuel suppliers will always have to meet the boiler
manufacturers fuel specification.
8. Cheap fuel = Big Problems (MDF, plastic, metal and stones)
9.
10. Fuel Supply
1. Have your fuel supply in place at the design stage of the project.
2. Buy / produce CEN standard fuels.
3. Use industry standard delivery methods, fittings and pipe sizing.
4. Shop around for your fuel; the local supplier maybe be able to provide
quality fuel at a reduced price
e.g. Pellets £230 / £185 = 19.56% saving.
11. CEN Standards are useful for buyers and sellers of woodfuel
Boilers will require fuel to specific CEN standards
Methods and characteristics can be measured by:
•
•
•
•
•
Sampling
Particle size
Bulk density
Moisture content
Ash content
12. CEN/TC 335 biomass standards
About CEN/TC 335
CEN/TC 335 allows all relevant properties of the fuel to be described, and includes
both normative information that must be provided about the fuel, and informative
information that can be included but is not required.
Specifications
The fuel specifications and classes for all solid biofuels are set out in CEN/TS 14961:2005, which defines
certain parameters and property classes.
Normative specifications for wood chips:
• Origin
• Particle size (P16/P31.5/P45/P63/P100)
• Moisture content (M20/M25/M30/M40/M55/M65)
• Ash content (A0.7/A1.5/A3.0/A6.0/A10.0)
Normative specifications for chemically handled wood or used wood:
• Nitrogen (N0.5/N1.0/N3.0/N3.0+)
Informative specifications for wood chips include:
• Net energy content (lower heating value (LHV)) as MJ/kg or kWh/m3 loose
• Bulk density in kg/m3 loose
• Chlorine content (Cl0.03/Cl0.07/Cl0.10/Cl0.10+)
• Nitrogen (N0.5/N1.0/N3.0/N3.0+)
Many other properties may also be specified, including concentrations of many other elements and volatile matter and ash melting behaviour. Different specifications
are required for different fuels, and for pellets and briquettes these include mechanical durability and particle density.
13. EN 14961, structured by mass fractions
Standard
Main fraction
Fines
Coarse
fraction
P
> 80%
<5%
<1%
P16
3.15 ... 16 mm
<1 mm
> 45 mm
<85 mm
P45
3.15 ... 45 mm
<1 mm
> 63 mm
<120 mm
P63
3.15 ... 63 mm
<1 mm
> 100 mm
<350 mm
P100
3.15 ... 100 mm
<1 mm
> 200 mm
<350 mm
Extreme values
14.
15.
16. Woodfuel consumers can be confident if they purchase
their fuel from a supplier who is accredited under a
woodfuel assurance scheme.
Independent quality testing ensures that the producer
and the supplier know how to make or supply fuel that
will be correct for a boiler and comply to the CEN
standards.
Accreditors take a simple, practical approach to
accreditation, but they do undertake a stringent quality
evaluation regime that means woodfuel production costs
can be kept down whilst quality improves.
17. A reliable source of correctly specified
woodfuel is vital to the efficient, trouble-free
operation of a biomass boiler.
The majority of boiler problems arise from
poor quality fuel of the wrong specification.
(90% +)
18. Felling while the sap is up will mean more bark is removed – this will aid seasoning
19. Hygiene at all stages from the forest to the boiler are vital
20. Do not store wood on shady, damp and windless rides, it will never dry
39. Producing good quality woodfuel
1. Season your wood in a dry, sunny and windy location.
2. Put your logs on bearers.
3. Keep your heaps at least 1m apart.
4. Chip your wood in August / September.
5. Store conifer a minimum of 1 year *
6. Store hardwood a minimum of 2 years *
7. Consider splitting larger diameter logs.
8. Use the correct sieves in the chipper.
9. Use sharp blades.
10. Store the woodchip undercover.
11. Store chip in a store with good wind circulation.
•
This does vary according to species, diameter and UK location.
40. CEN standard woodchip is essential to running an efficient woodchip boiler.
It is easy to achieve
45. This is now a highly suitable woodchip store that was achieved through partnership working
46.
47. Chip Store - Points to consider
Direct chipping / chip delivery design
Log storage – Close to the store
Access – for chipper and delivery vehicles around the store
Hygiene – Hard standing for wood prior to chipping
From chipper to store – Make sure you can move the chip fast enough
Air flow around logs and in the store
Sealed lower joints to stop water ingress
Guttering
Access to two heaps of woodchip
57. Good fuel and well specified boilers are giving many people
highly efficient heat
58. Gary Battell
Suffolk County Council
Woodland & Woodfuel Advisory Officer
gary.battell@suffolk.gov.uk
Fuelling
your boiler
Government Business Award Winner
Ashden Award Winner
Confor Oscar Award Winner
61. Gary Battell has over thirteen years extensive practical experience within the biomass
industry. He along with the late Alan Tong and Peter Brown were the initial champions for
biomass at Suffolk County Council, who have installed twenty seven biomass boilers.
Gary worked with the late Robert Rippengal and Clarke Willis to set up Anglia Woodfuels
Ltd, a hugely successful wood chipping and woodfuel advisory cooperative that operated
throughout the East of England.
As a result of Suffolk County Council’s commitment to biomass Eastern Woodfuels,
a new Suffolk business was set up by Sarah Brown at Bentwaters Parks to supply Suffolk
County Council with woodfuel. Gary Battell advises them on the wood supply chain,
chipping, storage and woodfuel quality. Eastern Woodfuel has provided Suffolk County
Council with consistent excellent quality woodfuel and delivery.
Gary also has offered advice to numerous private individuals, businesses and charities
who have installed boilers.
Suffolk County Council employ Gary as their Woodland Officer, he is also a Director of
Small Woods, Heartwoods, RFS & Confor regional committee member, EWTP member and
steering group member. Gary also sits on the Steering & Exec. committees of Woodfuels
East and the Wild Venison Project.
Gary is also an accomplished speaker and writer on woodfuel and is the creator of the
Woodfuel Wizard.