1. PowerPacked
PowerPoint Slides
David Marsh
CORE Spring Meeting
Baltimore, Maryland
April 25, 2013

2. • Argument
• Title Slide
• Text Slide
• Table Slide
• Bar-Chart Slide
• Photographs
Outline

3. Argument

4. • Argument: the art of persuasion.
• For documents based on new evidence or
new synthesis of old evidence (situation
analysis, abstract, manuscript, slide
presentation, desk review), this formula is
logical and powerful.
– Background – Why did you do it?
– Methods – How did you do it?
– Results – What did you observe?
– Conclusions – So what do we do?
Presenting an argument

5. • Title Slide (1)
• Background Slides (2-3)
• Methods Slides (3-4)
• Results Slides (2-5)
• Conclusions Slides (2-3)
12-Minute Presentation:
Recipe
The typical 12-
minute evidence-
based slide
presentation has
10-18 slides or
about 1 to 1.5
slides per minute.

6. • Title Slide for title
• Text Slides for background, methods,
results, or conclusions
• Table Slides for results or
conclusions
• Bar Chart Slides for results
• Photographs to explain and interest
Common Slide Layouts
These five formats will address 95% of your
slides. We will now go through four “cases” plus
photo examples to help you draft good slides.

7. Title Slide

8. A real case (different authors)! This slide has
at least seven problems. Let’s start from the
periphery: the formatting.
“SUSTAINABLE OUTREACH SERVICE”
(SOS): SOLUTION TO A VEXING PROBLEM?
A. Einstein

9. “SUSTAINABLE OUTREACH SERVICE”
(SOS): SOLUTION TO A VEXING PROBLEM?
A. Einstein
Good. Using
agency-approved
style is important.
But CAPITAL letters are
difficult to read quickly.
(And shouting is rude.)

10. “Sustainable Outreach Service” (SOS):
Solution to a Vexing Problem?
A. Einstein
Good. Proper title format requires a capital
letter for each important word and the first
word of each line, even if it is a tiny word.
Not using all capital letters saves space, too.
But what about this nine-
word title? Is it informative?
Is it interesting?

11. A. Einstein
Good. This 11-word
title defines content,
an association,
results, and setting.
Sustainable Outreach Services (SOS) Immunize
Semi-Nomadic Children in Rural Ethiopia
But what about the author
line? Few documentation
efforts are solo.

12. A. Einstein, A. Gore, B. Obama, K.
Marx, N. Bonaparte, E. Windsor, S.
Palin
Good. Now we have the full team. Be
inclusive. The first, second, third, and last
spots are more important. The presenter
does NOT automatically get one of these.
But the slide still
lacks some key
information.
Sustainable Outreach Services (SOS) Immunize
Semi-Nomadic Children in Rural Ethiopia

13. Third Annual Bubble Gum Convention
Brooklyn, New York – May 2, 2038
Sustainable Outreach Services (SOS) Immunize
Semi-Nomadic Children in Rural Ethiopia
A. Einstein, A. Gore, B. Obama, K.
Marx, N. Bonaparte, E. Windsor, S.
Palin
Now we have the occasion
for the presentation. This
also helps filing.
Anything
else?

14. Third Annual Bubble Gum Convention
Brooklyn, New York – May 2, 2038
Sustainable Outreach Services (SOS) Immunize
Semi-Nomadic Children in Rural Ethiopia
A. Einstein, A. Gore, B. Obama, K.
Marx, N. Bonaparte, E. Windsor, S.
Palin
A “sans serif” font like GillSans
or Arial is much easier to read.
GillSans takes less space.

15. • Do have an interesting, informative title.
• Don’t have an “egocentric” author line.
• Don’t forget the standard title items.
– Title
– Authors
– Occasion and Date
– Logo, if necessary
Title Nuggets

16. • Do use your agency’s approved style.
• If there is no official style, use simple,
attractive, non-distracting slide
formatting and background.
• Don’t use ALL CAPITALS.
• Don’t use a font with serif.
Title Nuggets – 2

17. Text Slide

18. Research
• Community-based surveillance to identify principal bacterial and
viral agents of neonatal infections; emphasis on Africa and Asia.
• Determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common
bacterial agents of serious infections in neonates on a regional basis,
in both community and hospital settings.
• Studies of neonatal care provided in the home by caretakers,
traditional birth attendants, and community health workers, and
follow cohorts of neonates for infectious outcome.
• Case-control studies to identify the principal risk factors for
neonatal infections. Risk factors to be evaluated include low birth
weight; unhygienic delivery, skin and umbilical cord care; birth
asphyxia; hypothermia; smoke inhalation; and feeding practices.
Refine and adapt oral rehydration protocols for use in diarrhea.
 Implement currently available vaccines; develop new
vaccines.
Another real case
(slightly modified).
Let’s start at the
periphery again: style.

19. – Community-based surveillance to identify principal bacterial and viral
agents of neonatal infections; emphasis on Africa and Asia.
– Determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common bacterial
agents of serious infections in neonates on a regional basis, in both
community and hospital settings.
– Studies of neonatal care provided in the home by caretakers, traditional
birth attendants, and community health workers, and follow cohorts of
neonates for infectious outcome.
– Case-control studies to identify the principal risk factors for neonatal
infections. Risk factors to be evaluated include low birth weight;
unhygienic delivery, skin and umbilical cord care; birth asphyxia;
hypothermia; smoke inhalation; and feeding practices.
 Refine and adapt oral rehydration protocols for use in diarrhea.
 Implement currently available vaccines; develop new vaccines.
Research
Good. We are
using an agency-
approved style.
What
about the
title?

20. – Community-based surveillance to identify principal bacterial and viral
agents of neonatal infections; emphasis on Africa and Asia.
– Determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common bacterial
agents of serious infections in neonates on a regional basis, in both
community and hospital settings.
– Studies of neonatal care provided in the home by caretakers, traditional
birth attendants, and community health workers, and follow cohorts of
neonates for infectious outcome.
– Case-control studies to identify the principal risk factors for neonatal
infections. Risk factors to be evaluated include low birth weight;
unhygienic delivery, skin and umbilical cord care; birth asphyxia;
hypothermia; smoke inhalation; and feeding practices.
 Refine and adapt oral rehydration protocols for use in diarrhea.
 Implement currently available vaccines; develop new vaccines.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
Good. The title
is now
informative.
Bullets and
indentation
are
inconsistent.

21. – Community-based surveillance to identify principal bacterial and viral
agents of neonatal infections; emphasis on Africa and Asia.
– Determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles of the common bacterial
agents of serious infections in neonates on a regional basis, in both
community and hospital settings.
– Studies of neonatal care provided in the home by caretakers, traditional
birth attendants, and community health workers, and follow cohorts of
neonates for infectious outcome.
– Case-control studies to identify the principal risk factors for neonatal
infections. Risk factors to be evaluated include low birth weight;
unhygienic delivery, skin and umbilical cord care; birth asphyxia;
hypothermia; smoke inhalation; and feeding practices.
– Refine and adapt oral rehydration protocols for use in diarrhea.
– Implement currently available vaccines; develop new vaccines.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
OK. Bullets
are good.
But do you feel
like you are
suffocating?

22. – Community-based surveillance to identify principal bacterial
and viral agents of neonatal infections; emphasis on Africa
and Asia.
– Determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles of the
common bacterial agents of serious infections in neonates on
a regional basis, in both community and hospital settings.
– Studies of neonatal care provided in the home by caretakers,
traditional birth attendants, and community health workers,
and follow cohorts of neonates for infectious outcome.
– Case-control studies to identify the principal risk factors for
neonatal infections. Risk factors to be evaluated include low
birth weight; unhygienic delivery, skin and umbilical cord
care; birth asphyxia; hypothermia; smoke inhalation; and
feeding practices.
– Refine and adapt oral rehydration protocols for use in
diarrhea.
– Implement currently available vaccines; develop new
vaccines.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
OK. Now we have
some margins.
But the text is about
to fall off the bottom
of the slide. There
are too many words:
125 words in 14
lines, requiring a 20
font, which is barely
readable. The “6x6”
rule calls for a
maximum of six
lines of six words
each, i.e., 36 words!

23. • Community-based surveillance for pathogens,
especially in Africa and Asia.
• Determination of antimicrobial resistance
patterns in community and hospital.
• Examining association between infection and
care provided by families, traditional birth
attendants, and community health workers.
• Case control studies to assess role of low birth
weight; unhygienic delivery, skin and
umbilical cord care; birth asphyxia;
hypothermia; smoke inhalation; and feeding
practices.
• Refine, adapt, and test oral rehydration for
diarrhea.
• Implement currently available vaccines;
develop new vaccines.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
Two approaches: edit
and divide the slide.
Light editing allows 22
font. Heavy editing might
meet the 6x6 rule and
allow some speaker
spontaneity.
But we are unlikely to
avoid dividing our slide.
Before we do that, do
you see anything else
that would impact the
size of the text area?

24. • Community-based surveillance for pathogens,
especially in Africa and Asia.
• Determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns
in community and hospital.
• Examining association between infection and care
provided by families, traditional birth attendants,
and community health workers.
• Case control studies to assess role of low birth
weight; unhygienic delivery, skin and umbilical cord
care; birth asphyxia; hypothermia; smoke inhalation;
and feeding practices.
• Refine, adapt, and test oral rehydration for diarrhea.
• Implement currently available vaccines; develop
new vaccines.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
Yes,
GillSans is
official
agency font
(BUT it
doesn’t
“work” in my
computer!

25. • Community-based surveillance for pathogens, especially
in Africa and Asia.
• Determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns in
community and hospital.
• Examining association between infection and care
provided by families, traditional birth attendants, and
community health workers.
• Case control studies to assess role of low birth weight;
unhygienic delivery, skin and umbilical cord care; birth
asphyxia; hypothermia; smoke inhalation; and feeding
practices.
• Refine, adapt, and test oral rehydration for diarrhea.
• Implement currently available vaccines; develop new
vaccines.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
And removing
bold saves
space.
But we should
divide the slide
into two slides of
three bullets
each.

26. • Community-based surveillance for
pathogens, especially in Africa and Asia.
• Determination of antimicrobial resistance
patterns in community and hospital.
• Examining association between infection
and care provided by families, traditional
birth attendants, and community health
workers.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
Bold in the slide
title “works. So do
three bullets.
The text is still a
bit crowded.

27. • Community-based surveillance for
pathogens, especially in Africa and Asia.
• Determination of antimicrobial resistance
patterns in community and hospital.
• Examining association between infection
and care provided by families, traditional
birth attendants, and community health
workers.
Research Priorities for Newborn
Infection
Increased spacing
between lines lets
in some oxygen
(35 words in seven
lines!
What about the
other bullets?

28. • Case control studies to assess role of
low birth weight; unhygienic delivery,
skin and umbilical cord care; birth
asphyxia; hypothermia; smoke
inhalation; and feeding practices.
• Refine, adapt, and test oral
rehydration for diarrhea.
• Implement currently available
vaccines; develop new vaccines.
Research Priorities – 2
An abbreviated
title and “ – 2”
reminds the
audience that
this is a
continuation.
We did not
heavily edit the
text which still
lacks parallel
construction.
Some start with
nouns; others
start with verbs.

29. • Do use an informative slide title.
• Do use bullets, not paragraphs.
• Do write concisely and elaborate
during the presentation.
Text Nuggets

30. • Do remember the “6x6” rule and
don’t write too much on one slide.
• Do use large fonts: (36-40 title, 24-32
text)
• Do use consistent bulleting and
indentation.
• Don’t fear empty space on your
slides.
Text Nuggets – 2

31. Table Slide

32. Validity by Diagnosis
Validity (% with 95% CI)Diagnosis
Sensitivity Specificity PPV
Birth defect 100 (98-102) 99 (97-101) 33 (31-35)
NNT 84 (81-87) 99 (96-102) 94 (91-97)
Pneumonia 67 (64-70) 98 (95-101) 40 (37-43)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-102) 90 (83-97)
AWD 60 (57-63) 99 (97-101) 60 (57-63)
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (70-88) 61 (52-70)
LBW 42 (33-51) 92 (84-101) 81 (73-90)
SGA 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
Sepsis 13 (8-19) 97 (91-103) 33 (28-39)
Malnutrition 0 (-1.4-1.4) 100 (99-101) 0 (-1.4-1.4)
Pers diarrhea 0 (-1.4-1.4) 99 (98-101) 0 (-1.4-1.4)
This case is an
example of cutting
and pasting a table
from a manuscript
into a slide. Let’s
start with the title.

33. Validity (% with 95% CI)Diagnosis
Sensitivity Specificity PPV
Birth defect 100 (98-102) 99 (97-101) 33 (31-35)
NNT 84 (81-87) 99 (96-102) 94 (91-97)
Pneumonia 67 (64-70) 98 (95-101) 40 (37-43)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-102) 90 (83-97)
AWD 60 (57-63) 99 (97-101) 60 (57-63)
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (70-88) 61 (52-70)
LBW 42 (33-51) 92 (84-101) 81 (73-90)
SGA 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
Sepsis 13 (8-19) 97 (91-103) 33 (28-39)
Malnutrition 0 (-1.4-1.4) 100 (99-101) 0 (-1.4-1.4)
Pers diarrhea 0 (-1.4-1.4) 99 (98-101) 0 (-1.4-1.4)
We made the
title informative,
helping the table
to “stand alone,”
a goal for
graphics and
tables.
Presentations
can not tell the
whole story from
a manuscript.
Can we focus a
bit?
Validity of Neonatal Verbal
Autopsy by Reference Diagnosis

34. Validity of Neonatal Verbal
Autopsy by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (% with 95% CI)
Sensitivity Specificity PPV
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (80-98) 61 (52-70)
LBW 42 (33-51) 92 (84-100) 81 (73-90)
NNT 84 (81-87) 99 (96-100) 94 (91-97)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-100) 90 (83-97)
SGA 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
We used the
PowerPoint table
feature and
reduced the
number of rows,
preserving those
most essential to
the message.
See anything else?

35. Validity of Neonatal Verbal
Autopsy by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (% with 95% CI)
Sensitivity Specificity PPV
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (80-88) 61 (52-70)
LBW 42 (33-51) 92 (84-100) 81 (73-90)
NNT 84 (81-87) 99 (96-100) 94 (91-97)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-100) 90 (83-97)
SGA 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
Transcription
errors are
common when
copying
numbers into
PowerPoint’s
table function.
Let’s fix that.
What do you
think of the
justification?

36. Validity of Neonatal Verbal
Autopsy by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (% with 95% CI)
Sensitivity Specificity PPV
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (70-88) 61 (52-70)
LBW 42 (33-51) 92 (84-100) 81 (73-90)
NNT 84 (81-87) 99 (96-100) 94 (91-97)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-100) 90 (83-97)
SGA 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
We usually left-
justify row
headings and
center-justify
column headings
and data.
What about the
abbreviations?

37. Validity of Neonatal Verbal
Autopsy by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (% with 95% CI)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictiv
e Value
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (70-88) 61 (52-70)
Low birthweight 42 (33-51) 92 (84-100) 81 (73-90)
Neonatal tetanus 84 (81-87) 99 (96-100) 94 (91-97)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-100) 90 (83-97)
Small for gestational age 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
Now we are
clear, even if the
last row heading
is a bit large.
Can you think of
another way to
deal with
abbreviations?

38. Validity of Neonatal Verbal
Autopsy by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (% with 95% CI)
Sensitivity Specificity PPV*
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (70-88) 61 (52-70)
Low birthweight 42 (33-51) 92 (84-100) 81 (73-90)
Neonatal tetanus 84 (81-87) 99 (96-100) 94 (91-97)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-100) 90 (83-97)
Small for gestational age 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
*PPV = Positive predictive value
Use the Text Box
feature to define
abbreviations in
a footnote.
Look at the inside
of the table.
What about the
order of the
rows?

39. Validity of Neonatal Verbal
Autopsy by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (% with 95% CI)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictive
Value
Neonatal tetanus 84 (81-87) 99 (96-100) 94 (91-97)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-100) 90 (83-97)
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (70-88) 61 (52-70)
Low birthweight 42 (33-51) 92 (84-100) 81 (73-90)
Small for gestational age 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
Alphabetical order
probably does not
inform the
message. Instead,
we ordered the
rows in
descending order
of sensitivity, a key
variable.
But what about
overall
formatting?

40. Diagnosis Validity (% with 95% CI)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictive
Value
Neonatal tetanus 84 (81-87) 99 (96-100) 94 (91-97)
Prematurity 63 (56-70) 95 (88-100) 90 (83-97)
Birth asphyxia 54 (45-63) 79 (70-88) 61 (52-70)
Low birthweight 42 (33-51) 92 (84-100) 81 (73-90)
Small for gestational age 35 (27-43) 84 (76-92) 27 (19-35)
Validity of Neonatal Verbal Autopsy
by Reference Diagnosis
Of course!
Agency style.
(How could we
forget?)
Can we be even
more clear?

41. Validity of Neonatal Verbal Autopsy
by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (%)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictive
Value
Neonatal tetanus 84 99 94
Prematurity 63 95 90
Birth asphyxia 54 79 61
Low birthweight 42 92 81
Small for gestational age 35 84 27
Depending on
the audience,
eliminating
confidence
intervals
removes two
thirds of the
numbers and
allows a bigger
font.
Do we need to be
more precise?

42. Validity of Neonatal Verbal Autopsy
by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (%)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictive
Value
Neonatal tetanus 84.4 99.5 94.6
Prematurity 63.5 95.3 90.9
Birth asphyxia 54.8 79.3 61.1
Low birthweight 42.1 92.7 81.3
Small for gestational age 35.5 84.0 27.8
No, two
significant
figures is almost
always enough.
Back up!

43. Validity of Neonatal Verbal Autopsy
by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis Validity (%)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictive
Value
Neonatal tetanus 84 99 94
Prematurity 63 95 90
Birth asphyxia 54 79 61
Low birthweight 42 92 81
Small for gestational age 35 84 27
Even though we went from 45 to 15
numbers, it is a lot of information to
absorb quickly. Simple “special
effects” can highlight “message
numbers.”
More?

44. Validity of Neonatal Verbal Autopsy
by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Validity (%)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictive
Value
Neonatal tetanus 84 99 94
Prematurity 63 95 90
Birth asphyxia 54 79 61
Low birthweight 42 92 81
Small for gestational age 35 84 27
We centered
“Diagnosis”
vertically.

45. Validity of Neonatal Verbal Autopsy
by Reference Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Validity (%)
Sensitivity Specificity Positive
Predictive
Value
Neonatal tetanus 84 99 94
Prematurity 63 95 90
Birth asphyxia 54 79 61
Low birthweight 42 92 81
Small for gestational age 35 84 27
Finally, we
covered the “red
baby” with a
white patch,
ordered to the
back.

46. Table Nuggets
• Do use an informative title.
• Don’t have too many rows or
columns; instead focus on the rows
and columns central to your
message.
• Do organize table rows according to
your message.

47. Table Nuggets – 2
• Do double-check your numbers.
• Don’t have too many numbers
or too many significant figures.
• Do use animated circles to
highlight key numbers.
• Don’t paste a table from a
manuscript.

48. Table Nuggets – 3
• Do use PowerPoint’s table feature.
• Do format consistently with text slides.
• Don’t use a font with a serif.
• Do left-justify row headings and
center-justify column headings and
data.
• If you use abbreviations, use
footnotes to explain them so your
table “stands alone.”

49. Bar-Chart Slide

50. Results of COPE activities
3.2%
3.7%
3.0%
3.3%
6.6%
8.4%
11.3%
12.5%
7.5%
7.8%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Thanh Hoa
Hospital
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hospital
Trieu Hai
Hospital
Hai lang DHC
Proportion of all births in project hospitals
First 6 months
of 2002
Last 6 months
of 2002
Bar charts are
one of the most
effective visual
tools to
communicate
and compare
quantitative
information.
This chart is
imported from
Excel. Let’s start
at the periphery:
the title.

51. Use of Delivery Services
Before and After COPE (2002)
3.2%
3.7%
3.0%
3.3%
6.6%
8.4%
11.3%
12.5%
7.5%
7.8%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Thanh Hoa
Hospital
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hospital
Trieu Hai
Hospital
Hai lang DHC
Proportion of all births in project hospitals
First 6 months
of 2002
Last 6 months
of 2002
Now the title is
informative. We
chose not to
spell out COPE
because we
assume that this
was introduced
earlier.
What about the
formatting?

52. Use of Delivery Services Before
and After COPE (2002)
3.2%
3.7%
3.0%
3.3%
6.6%
8.4%
11.3%
12.5%
7.5%
7.8%
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Thanh Hoa
Hospital
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hospital
Trieu Hai
Hospital
Hai lang DHC
Proportion of all births in project hospitals
First 6 months
of 2002
Last 6 months
of 2002
Technical
people want to
see the heights
of the bars.
They are, after
all, the most
important part!
3-D parallax
makes
ascertaining the
height difficult.
Now we can
remove those
distracting
numerical labels
above each bar.

53. Use of Delivery Services Before
and After COPE (2002)
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Thanh Hoa
Hospital
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hospital
Trieu Hai
Hospital
Hai lang DHC
Proportion of all births in project hospitals
First 6 months
of 2002
Last 6 months
of 2002
Sometimes specific numbers
need to be included – individual
Text Boxes can do this. But we
hardly ever need every number
or 3 significant figures! The
general and relative heights of
the bars are enough.
What about the
relative size of
the bar chart vs.
legend?

54. Use of Delivery Services Before
and After COPE (2002)
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Thanh Hoa
Hospital
Hoang Hoa DHC Quang Tri Hospital Trieu Hai Hospital Hai lang DHC
Proportion of all births in project hospitals
First 6 months
of 2002
Last 6 months
of 2002
The bigger the bars, the
better. By putting the legend
inside the “shallow” end of the
bar chart, we can spread the
chart over the whole slide.
But it’s still not
easy to read.
What about the
y-axis label? It
looks more like a
sub-title.

55. Use of Delivery Services Before
and After COPE (2002)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Thanh Hoa
Hosp.
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hosp.
Trieu Hai
Hosp.
Hai Lang
DHC
First 6 months
of 2002
Second 6
months of
2002
Proportion
of births in
facilities (%)
We recast the Excel chart directly
through PowerPoint. It takes about
60 seconds to enter 10 values and
label the categories. Double check
the values! Now we also have a
clear y-axis label.
Do you see any
remaining minor
improvements to
make?

56. Use of Delivery Services Before
and After COPE (2002)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Thanh Hoa
Hosp.
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hosp.
Trieu Hai
Hosp.
Hai Lang
DHC
Jan-Jun
Jul-Dec
Proportion
of births in
facilities (%)
DHC = Distrit Health Center
We reduced the
legend and
added a footnote
to define the
abbreviation. We
did not label the
x-axis since it is
obvious from the
title .
Anything else?

57. Use of Delivery Services Before
and After COPE (2002)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Thanh Hoa
Hosp.
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hosp.
Trieu Hai
Hosp.
Hai Lang
DHC
Jan-Jun
Jul-Dec
Proportion
of births in
facilities (%)
DHC = Distrit Health Center
Spell-check!

58. Use of Delivery Services
Before and After COPE (2002)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Thanh Hoa
Hosp.
Hoang Hoa
DHC
Quang Tri
Hosp.
Trieu Hai
Hosp.
Hai Lang
DHC
Jan-Jun
Jul-Dec
Proportion
of births in
facilities (%)
DHC = District Health Center
Message?
We increased the
title font from 28
to 32.

59. Bar-Chart Nuggets
• Do use bar-charts, your most powerful
visual tool.
• Do have an informative title.
• Do use the simplest legend and the
largest bar-chart possible.
• Do use footnotes so your bar-chart
“stands alone.”

60. • Don’t import bar-charts; rather do use
PowerPoint’s bar-chart feature.
• Do avoid the gimmick of 3-D parallax.
• Don’t use routine data labels on bars.
• Do label the axes.
• Do spell-check.
Bar-Chart Nuggets – 2

61. Photographs

62. “Cusp of Access”
in Nicaragua
All photos by D Marsh, unless otherwise credited
Use good quality
photographs!
But burring is part
of story!
Don’t fear filling
the slide with
photo, but use font
colors that “work”
on photo’s colors.
Compress all
photos to
minimize
document size.
List credits.

63. Use good quality
photographs!

64. Rotated, cropped and enlarged.

65. Most photos from the internet
have too little “information”
(pixels) to be useful.

66. On the other hand, copying
photos brings much too much
information (pixels).

67. Importing photos works just right. You can
also right click and compress all photos.

68. Bangladeshi CCM workers get timers
Don’t distort
photographs!
Change size of photograph by
dragging corners, not sides.
Crop a slide to fit in a pre-
determined area.

69. Pneumonia treatment in Mangbui
Administrative Village (11/10)
Crop and/or
size a group
photos to tell a
story

70. Global Action Plan for Prevention and
Control of Pneumonia (GAPP)
• Strategy document
finalized and
launched at the World
Pneumonia Summit
on November 2, 2009
in New York
• Wide partner buy-in
• Extensive media
coverage
Courtesy of S. Qazi, WHO/Geneva
Download photographs
of documents from
internet.

71. How to implement CCM
Take and edit
photographs to
illustrate documents.

72. Photos Can be (Are) “Graphic”
Know your
audience.
Not All Agreed Nicaraguan CHW

73. China
Yunnan
Province
Lincang
Prefecture
Cangyuan
County
Fig 1. China, Yunnan
Province, Lincang Prefecture,
and Cangyuan County
Zooming maps

74. • Use photographs
• Use good photographs
• Do not distort photos; size or crop them
• If you fill the slide, adjust font color
• Use proper photograph resolution
• Know your audience
• Use maps
Photograph Nuggets