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De l’usage r´eel des emojis `a une
pr´ediction de leurs cat´egories
Ga¨el Guibon (1,2,3), Magalie Ochs (1,2), Patrice Bellot (1,2)
(1) LIS-CNRS UMR 7020
(2) Aix-Marseille Universit´e
(3) Cal´ea Solutions
E-mails: prenom.nom@lis-lab.fr
CORIA-TALN 2018, Rennes, 18 mai
Introduction
Introduction
Contexte
Recommander des emojis
Application mobile
Messages SMS
Introduction
Pourquoi ?
Am´eliorer la communication
textuelle
Meilleure compr´ehension des
m´eta-informations du dialogue
Est-ce simple ?
Non, l’usage des emojis n’est pas
d´efini
Introduction
On peut consid´erer les emojis
comme :
Du texte
Des images
Des informations
extra-linguistiques
Introduction
On peut consid´erer les emojis
comme :
Du texte
Des images
Des informations
extra-linguistiques
Travaux r´ecents
Travaux r´ecents
Limit´es `a peu d’emojis
20 emojis dans des tweets
164 emojis dans des messages priv´es
Seulement une classification multiclasse pour les tweets
Classification multi´etiquette pour la recommandation
Travaux r´ecents
Limit´es `a peu d’emojis
20 emojis dans des tweets
164 emojis dans des messages priv´es
Seulement une classification multiclasse pour les tweets
Classification multi´etiquette pour la recommandation
Classification
mono´etiquette
”CT2018 est super !”
Classification
multi´etiquette
”CT2018 est super !”
Probl`emes
Nombre de classes : 2623+
Probl`emes
Nombre de classes : 2623+
Enchevˆetrement de classes :
Probl`emes
Nombre de classes : 2623+
Enchevˆetrement de classes :
R´epartition d´es´equilibr´ee : (2 007 102 000) (118 178)
Probl`emes
Nombre de classes : 2623+
Enchevˆetrement de classes :
R´epartition d´es´equilibr´ee : (2 007 102 000) (118 178)
Usages inattendus
N’imite pas Harvey
Contribution
Nous souhaitons :
Changer l’axe de la pr´ediction
Obtenir une recommendation plus g´en´erale plutˆot qu’une
simple pr´ediction
Simplifier la classification multi´etiquette
Contribution
Nous souhaitons :
Changer l’axe de la pr´ediction
Obtenir une recommendation plus g´en´erale plutˆot qu’une
simple pr´ediction
Simplifier la classification multi´etiquette
Mono´etiquette
”CT2018 est super !”
JOIE
Multi´etiquette
”CT2018 est super !”
JOIE, AMUSEMENT
Cat´egorisation automatique
d’emojis
Cat´egorisation automatique d’emojis
Hypoth`ese
L’usage des emojis refl`ete-t-il une cat´egorisation th´eorique exis-
tante des expressions de l’´emotion ?
Jeu d’´etiquettes limit´e
63 emojis ”visages”
Cat´egorisation automatique d’emojis
Plongements de mots et d’emojis
Usage de plongements existants (Pohl, 2017)
63 emojis ”visages” issus des cat´egories visages d’Unicode
21 millions de tweets
Skip-gram
Dimension: 300
Plongements de mots et d’emojis
Plongements en skipgram de Pohl.
Partitionnement d’emojis
K-moyennes sur les plongements de Pohl. Nb de classes = nb
d’´el´ements. 500 it´erations max, 1000 initialisations.
Comment obtenir de
bonnes cat´egories ?
Plongements de mots et d’emojis
Pr´e-traitement
1 million de tweets des USA/anglais (>1 emoji/tweet)
D´etection de langue
Tokenisation et formattage par regEx pour isoler les emojis
Lemmatisation
63 emojis ”visage” des cat´egories Unicode
695031 tweets
Plongements de mots et d’emojis
Figure: Plongements en skipgram (TSNE)
Partitionnement d’emojis
Figure: K-moyennes sur un mod`ele skipgram
CBOW pour le partitionnement
Figure: Plongements en CBOW (TSNE)
Partitionnement d’emojis
Figure: Partitionnement spectral
´Evaluation th´eorique
´Evaluation th´eorique
16 expressions de l’´emotion (Ekman, 1999)
Joie Tristesse
Col`ere Peur
D´egoˆut Surprise
Amusement Gˆene
Excitation Satisfaction
Honte Fiert´e dans la r´eussite
Soulagement Plaisir Sensoriel
M´epris Culpabilit´e
´Evaluation th´eorique
Homog´en´eit´e
Capacit´e des groupes `a contenir uniquement des emojis d’une
mˆeme cat´egorie
Compl´etude
Capacit´e de tous les ´el´ements d’une cat´egorie `a se retrouver dans
un mˆeme groupe
V-mesure
Moyenne harmonique des deux scores
´Evaluation th´eorique
Homog´en´eit´e
Capacit´e des groupes `a contenir uniquement des emojis d’une
mˆeme cat´egorie
Compl´etude
Capacit´e de tous les ´el´ements d’une cat´egorie `a se retrouver dans
un mˆeme groupe
V-mesure
Moyenne harmonique des deux scores
Homog´en´eit´e 85,63
Compl´etude 69,45
V-mesure 76,70
/ /
Joie Tristesse
Joie Honte
Excitation /
Col`ere Amusement
/ Plaisir sensoriel
Peur / Surprise Joie / Amusement
Satisfaction /
/ Fiert´e
M´epris Excitation
Granularit´e plus fine des
groupes
Emojis isol´es :
Conclusion & Perspectives
Conclusion & Perspectives
Conclusion
Changement d’approche pour la pr´ediction d’emojis
Skipgram pour la classification
CBOW pour le partitionnement
Cat´egories d’emojis en tant que jeu d’´etiquettes
Conclusion & Perspectives
Perspectives
Pr´ediction des cat´egories d’emojis
Application de la m´ethodologie `a davantage d’emojis
´Evaluation de la recommandation par exp´erience utilisateur
Des questions ?
https://github.com/gguibon/FaceEmojis
Partitionnement d’emojis
K-moyennes & partitionnement spectral
Nb de classes = Nb d’´el´ements
It´erations max : 500
Initialisations : 1000
Partitionnement spectral
Param`etres : init=4000, gamma=0.7, affinity=’rbf’,
nneighbors=2
Param`etres TSNE
´Etal´e
n components : 2
perplexity : 50
learning rate : 400.0
early exaggeration : 2.0
Compress´e
n components : 2
perplexity : 30
learning rate : 100.0
early exaggeration : 2.0

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De l’usage réel des emojis à une prédiction de leurs catégories