Presented at the Final Volta Basin Development Challenge Science Workshop, September 2013

1. A Partner
of
The VBDC-V3 project
An introduction…

2. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Content
1. Context
2. Objectives
3. Results
4. Perspectives
5. Lessons
6. Recommendations
The VBDC-V3 project: context
Integrated Management
of
Small Reservoirs
for
Multiple Uses

3. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Context (1)
Water rights and water access at the catchment level
Water governance
Payment for environmental services
Broader water-related policy issues
Crop-aquaculture systems
CPWF1 + BFP: emerging themes
Rainwater harvesting and rainwater management
Crop-livestock systems and livestock water productivity
Multiple-use systems at the community level
Integrated land and water management
Small reservoirs and other small water infrastructure in dryland areas
Wastewater management for peri-urban food systems

4. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Context (2)
through
(specific) Basin Development Challenges
and
- establishing basin-level programs
- promoting an integrated research, innovations and impact strategy
- creating Topic Working Groups to ensure knowledge sharing
Towards CPWF2: main outputs…
To demonstrate ways to alleviate poverty by increasing farmers income
To identify ways to enhance resilience to change driven by external forces
in

5. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Basins areas
Andes selected basins
Indus-Ganges coastal areas
Limpopo
rainwater & Small
Reservoirs
Mekong large reservoirs
Nile rainwater
Volta
rainwater & Small
Rerservoirs
CPWF 2 [2009 - 2013]
Increase productivity & reduce poverty
Basin Development Challenges
Increase productivity & reduce conflicts
Increase resilience
Increase productivity & reduce poverty
strenghen rural livelihoods
reduce poverty
Context (3)

6. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
• Project V1 – Targeting and scaling out
• Project V2 – Integrated management of rainwater for crop-livestock
agroecosystems
• Project V3 – Integrated management of small reservoirs for multiple uses
• Project V4 – Sub-basin management and governance of rainwater and small
reservoirs
• Project V5 – Coordination and learning for adaptive management and
change (coordination and change project)
VBDC
Management of Rainwater and Small Reservoirs for Multiple Uses
Context (4)

7. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Content
1. Context
2. Objectives
3. Results
4. Perspectives
5. Lessons
6. Recommendations
The VBDC-V3 project: objectives
Integrated Management
of
Small Reservoirs
for
Multiple Uses

8. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Building on
past
experience
Objectives (1)

9. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
• The context
– small reservoirs (small, numerous, scattered, network…)
– multiple users for multiple uses (diversity, co-occurrence,…)
– quantities and qualities of water (requirements, impacts,…)
– conflicts (management, governance,…)
• The expectations
– The V3 project will develop integrated management options to
enhance productivity & ensure equitable allocation of water resources.
– It will identify uses and users, assess their needs, clarify social and
ecological determinants, control health consequences.
– For individual small reservoirs considered within their biophysical
contexts and their economical dynamics.
Objectives (2)

10. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Uses require water (quantity and quality)
Uses impact the resource (quantity and quality)
There exist trade-off between impacts and requirements
That determine the nature of available resources
Water Uses and Users
Requirements
Resources
Impacts
Key words
Integrated managements
Processes studies
Local scale
Objectives (3)

11. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Integrated management aim at several objectives:
– Perpetuating infrastructures
– Protecting / improving water quality for various uses
– Reaching / enhancing water productivity potentials
– Seeking for equity
Objectives that need
Knowledge on processes at the adequate scales
– (e.g.) Catchment for local physical processes
– (e.g.) Ecosystems connectivity for local ecological processes
– (e.g.) Market opportunities for local economic processes
– …
Objectives (4)

12. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Integrated management aim at several objectives:
– Perpetuating infrastructures
– Protecting / improving water quality for various uses
– Reaching / enhancing water productivity potentials
– Seeking for equity
Objectives that need
Knowledge on processes in their dynamics
– (e.g.) monitoring and field analyses
– (e.g.) experimental approaches
– (e.g.) simulation games
– …
Objectives (5)

13. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Integrated management aim at several objectives:
– Perpetuating infrastructures
– Protecting / improving water quality for various uses
– Reaching / enhancing water productivity potentials
– Seeking for equity
Objectives that need
Knowledge on processes in their contexts
– (e.g.) diachronic analyses (temporal evolution)
– (e.g.) synchronic analyses (spatial diversity)
– (e.g.) prospective analyses
– …
Objectives (6)

14. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Integrated management aim at several objectives:
– Perpetuating infrastructures
– Protecting / improving water quality for various uses
– Reaching / enhancing water productivity potentials
– Seeking for equity
Objectives to be compared and discussed with
Stakeholder’s perceptions and expectations
 Participative diagnostic and modeling
 Pilot operations
Objectives (7)

15. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
2 core sites
«V3-labs »
Boura
Burkina
Faso Binaba
Ghana
Objectives (8)

16. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Content
1. Context
2. Objectives
3. Results
4. Perspectives
5. Lessons
6. Recommendations
The VBDC-V3 project: results
Integrated Management
of
Small Reservoirs
for
Multiple Uses

17. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Results (1)
‘Debate about evaporative losses’
TU Delft and Knust
BINABA
1.4 < 9 < 1.2 mm/day
Min < Moy < Max
Wet ----------- Dry

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Results (2)
‘Modelling Water Balance in ungauged basins’
2iE and partners
BOURA
Runoff 9.70 Mm3
Evapo 2.76 ‘’
Seepage 1.16 ‘’
Outflow 6.24 ‘’
Uses 0.84 ‘’

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‘Assessing performances of irrigated schemes’
G-eau and partners
BOURA BINABA
Results (3)

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‘Linking livelyhood and small reservoirs: economy’
G-eau and partners
BOURA
Results (4-1)
133/488 households
Attractive place
Poly-activity
Brake on emigration
Effective impact of SR?

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‘Linking livelyhood and small reservoirs: economy’
G-eau and partners
BOURA
Results (4-2)
Equipement indicators
Better situation in Boura
Effective impact of SR?
+ 14%
+ 34%
-
+ 21%
+ 10%
+ 13%
+ 6%
+ 48%

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‘Linking livelyhood and small reservoirs: health’
G-eau and partners
Results (4-3)
Children < 5: 88/133 households
Better situation in Boura
Effective impact of SR?
Boura (2013) Region (2010)
acute 6.5 15.5
moderate 23.7 34.9
acute 2.0 3.5
moderate 5.0 11.0
Malnutrition (%)
Size/age
Weight/age
- 9%
- 11%
- 1.5%
- 6%

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‘Agriculture Intensification and Aquatic ecology’
G-eau and partners
Results (5)
Impacts
and
Trade-offs
BOURA

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‘Pilot on seeds improvement’
SARI and partners
Results (6)
Rice
OnionsBINABA

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‘Self-assessment of participatory processes’
Cirad Green and partners
Results (7)
What is
‘participation’?
BOURA
and
BINABA

26. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Results (8)
Water Uses and Users
Requirements
Resources
Impacts
Com.
F. Annor
Poster
T. Fowe
Com.
JC. Poussin
Poster
W. Dogbe
Com.
JL. Fusillier
Com.
P. Cecchi
Com.
W. Daré

27. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Content
1. Context
2. Objectives
3. Results
4. Perspectives
5. Lessons
6. Recommendations
The VBDC-V3 project: perspectives
Integrated Management
of
Small Reservoirs
for
Multiple Uses

28. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Teams + 4 PhD + N Master students:
 PhD theses
 Scientific papers
 Communication
 Boura Synthesis
 Feed-backs to Stakeholders
Perspectives

29. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Content
1. Context
2. Objectives
3. Results
4. Perspectives
5. Lessons
6. Recommendations
The VBDC-V3 project: lessons
Integrated Management
of
Small Reservoirs
for
Multiple Uses

30. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Lessons (1)
Interactions with other Vi projects
- existing with V4 and V5
- nearly zero with V1 and V2
Interactions within V3
- no “team spirit” (not a crew but an assemblage of interests)
- Boura as exception? (forthcoming synthesis)

31. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Lessons (2)
V3 design
- too complex (lack of integrative framework/model for
the aggregation of pluridisciplinary results collected)
- too ambitious (lack of time)
VA animation
- not enough (absence of cross-fertilization)
- not adapted (proactivity in an adaptive management context)

32. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Lessons (3)
Delivery of results
- communication before validation (ethics/impact)
CPWF pressure
- understandable (from research: ‘Outcome Logic Models’ …)
- but excessive (… toward extension: ‘Impact Pathways’)

33. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
Content
1. Context
2. Objectives
3. Results
4. Perspectives
5. Lessons
6. Recommendations
The VBDC-V3 project: recommendations
Integrated Management
of
Small Reservoirs
for
Multiple Uses

34. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
‘‘The challenge lies not merely in reducing vulnerability [against
Climate Change] but also in getting the structures in place so
governments and investors can tackle adaptation in the most
effective manner possible.
The good news is we can improve lives today while building the
crucial infrastructure needed for tomorrow.’’
Recommendations (1)
Source: ‘‘Global Warming and Adaptability’’
Wall Street Journal, 12 Dec. 2011

35. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
CCI: Controlling the Consequences of agricultural Intensification
IPI: Improving the Performances of Irrigation
CWB: Closing the Water Balance (of Small Reservoirs)
RDCS: Replicating and Diversifying Case Studies
MDE: Modelling the Determinants of Externalities
Among others…
Recommendations (2)

36. Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta
1. To the populations who are hosting us.
2. To colleagues and Institutes involved in the adventure
3. To CPWF for the creation of the Volta initiative
4. To VBDC colleagues for the stimulating exchanges
5. To Funke for her permanent support and attention
Acknowledgements