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Sector-specific Approaches to Conformity Assessment: Vehicle Emissions and Noise Standards Huichen Chien, MPH, Ph.D.   Senior Specialist Environmental Protection Administration Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (TPKM)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Outline
In WTO/TBT context, issues for TPKM include: ,[object Object],2004 data 2. High density in urban areas causes high pollution. Identification of Issues 98 UK 147 Germany 24 62 232 530 Motor vehicle density  (vehicles/km 2 ) USA France Japan TPKM 3,370 3,778 7,263 Motorcycle density ( vehicles/km 2 ) 2,137 2,657 2,745 Car density ( vehicles/km 2 ) Taichung (3) Taipei (2) Kaohsuing (1) Region
3. Mobile-source emissions have become the  major cause of air pollution in urban areas.  CO  makes up 97% of total, NOx 77%, and NMHC 34%.  Identification of Issues (Taipei City) 4. Respiratory illnesses associated with air pollution have continued to rise.   77 % 34 % 97 % Percentage of mobile-source 11,246 14,884 47,122 Mobile-source emissions (tons) 14,602 43,666 48,823 Total emissions (tons) NOx NMHC CO Pollutant Type
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Identification of Issues
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Development of regulations and standards Technical Regulations & Harmonization
[object Object],2007/01/01:  4th stage standards 1987  1989  1991  1993  1995  1997  1999  2001  2003  2005  2007   Year 1991/01/01:1st stage noise standards 1993/01/01:  2nd stage noise standards 2005/07/01:  3rd stage standard 1987:  Control of diesel vehicle smoke 1993/07/01: CO, HC, NOx, PM added to emissions control  2004/01/01: 3rd stage standards 2006/10/01:  4th stage standards* 1999/07/01:  2nd stage standards 1987/07/01:  1st stage of emissions control of gasoline vehicles 1995/07/01:  2nd stage standards 1999/07/01:  3rd stage standards 2008/01/01:  4th stage standards Present Emissions Control Gasoline  Diesel Noise Control * Pending circulation to WTO (1st  Stage) Technical Regulations & Harmonization
[object Object],1. From 1988, Stage I and II, US regulations and standards were similar to ours. 2. From Stage III (diesel) Stage IV (gasoline), US and EC standards were similar to ours. Diesel Vehicles 7.3 Stage Ⅱ 1.9 6.3 Stage III 0.78 2.4 0.1 Euro III US Tier II Bin 5 & Euro IV  Stage  Ⅳ Technical Regulations & Harmonization Gasoline Vehicles Stage Ⅳ  0.115  Stage I  4.69   Stage Ⅱ  0.875 Stage Ⅲ  0.405  US Tier II Bin 7 & Euro IV  US94 Tier I   0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 HC+NOx (g/bhp-hr) >3500kg <2500kg
[object Object],1. From 1991, Stage I and II noise standards were similar to Japan. 2. From Stage III, standards and testing methodologies were similar to UN ECE and EC. Stage  Ⅳ Stage Ⅰ Stage  II Stage Ⅲ Limit  (dB(A)) 80 78 76 74 72 82 84 86 88 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Stage  Ⅳ Stage Ⅰ Stage  II Stage Ⅲ Limit  (dB(A)) 102 100 98 96 94 104 106 108 2010 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Acceleration Noise Stationary Noise ECE R51-02  equivalent  86 81 78 83 107 103 99 96 80 74 78 77 98 97 76 79 82 Technical Regulations & Harmonization Sedan, Wagon Truck, Van < 3.5 t Truck, Bus >3.5 t & < 150 kW Truck, Bus >3.5 t & ≧150 kW
Emissions / noise control within the life cycle of motor vehicles End of life Warranty period Production Design phase New vehicle Type  approval On line check,  Quality control New Vehicle Random Inspection Inspection/Maintenance Plan Recall  examination  and correction Vehicle emissions standards Vehicle noise standards In-use vehicle Sale Standards Conformity Assessment Procedure Ensure that vehicles conform with standards . . . . .
Vehicle Emissions / Noise Conformity Assessment Apply for Type Approval New vehicle applicant Issue Certification Result verdict Document   Review  qualified Imported vehicle MVD Register License Verification & Authorization Vehicle selection unqualified Complete improvement measures unqualified,  reject qualified Off line inspection under MOTC authorization Domestic vehicle Test: Driving mode, Idle mode, Evaporation, durability; Acceleration, Stationary noise, etc. Conformity Assessment Procedure Foreign  certification (EC, USA) 1~ 5 days, NT$10,000~480,000 10~20 days,  Noise: Free, Emission: NT$3,300 10 days, NT$ 50 1 days, NT$1,200 Cost depends on manufacturer
Random select of new vehicle representation  check EPA decides sample size (1) Test:  Driving mode, Idle mode, Evaporation; Acceleration, Stationary noise. not representative representative Test result verdict  (2)   Finish Manufacturer decides sample size qualified Withdraw Cert ification Perform recall correction process (for exhaust emission only) Random emissions / noise testing of new vehicles Conformity Assessment Procedure 1st or 2nd  Test  (2)  unqualified 1st test 2nd test EPA decides sample size (1) Emission test result: Single vehicle > 1.5*Standard or average > Standard No  (and/or noise) Yes 4 weeks, fee is the same as type approval
Quality Control by Manufacturers abnormal qualified Explain and correct Submit to competent authority Confirmation Vehicle selection Simple  Adjustment normal Test:  Driving mode, Idle mode, Evaporation; Acceleration, Stationary noise. Random sampling: Gasoline  -   1 for every 200 vehicles Heavy diesel  -  1 for every 500 vehicles Light diesel  -  1 for every 200 vehicles Noise for <3.5 ton -  1 for every 500 vehicles Noise for >3.5 ton -  1 for every 100 vehicles unqualified Fewer random tests for those with good quality control (for exhaust emission only) abnormal normal Conformity Assessment Procedure Cost and fee depends on manufacturer itself
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Acceptance of conformity assessment results
Imported value of vehicles (excluding rail vehicles) and components from various regions of the world    Conclusions Imported vehicle value has increased since our entry into WTO
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Conclusions
Thank you

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Chinese Taipei Mazda Rotary Engine Research

  • 1. Sector-specific Approaches to Conformity Assessment: Vehicle Emissions and Noise Standards Huichen Chien, MPH, Ph.D. Senior Specialist Environmental Protection Administration Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (TPKM)
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  • 4. 3. Mobile-source emissions have become the major cause of air pollution in urban areas. CO makes up 97% of total, NOx 77%, and NMHC 34%. Identification of Issues (Taipei City) 4. Respiratory illnesses associated with air pollution have continued to rise. 77 % 34 % 97 % Percentage of mobile-source 11,246 14,884 47,122 Mobile-source emissions (tons) 14,602 43,666 48,823 Total emissions (tons) NOx NMHC CO Pollutant Type
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  • 10. Emissions / noise control within the life cycle of motor vehicles End of life Warranty period Production Design phase New vehicle Type approval On line check, Quality control New Vehicle Random Inspection Inspection/Maintenance Plan Recall examination and correction Vehicle emissions standards Vehicle noise standards In-use vehicle Sale Standards Conformity Assessment Procedure Ensure that vehicles conform with standards . . . . .
  • 11. Vehicle Emissions / Noise Conformity Assessment Apply for Type Approval New vehicle applicant Issue Certification Result verdict Document Review qualified Imported vehicle MVD Register License Verification & Authorization Vehicle selection unqualified Complete improvement measures unqualified, reject qualified Off line inspection under MOTC authorization Domestic vehicle Test: Driving mode, Idle mode, Evaporation, durability; Acceleration, Stationary noise, etc. Conformity Assessment Procedure Foreign certification (EC, USA) 1~ 5 days, NT$10,000~480,000 10~20 days, Noise: Free, Emission: NT$3,300 10 days, NT$ 50 1 days, NT$1,200 Cost depends on manufacturer
  • 12. Random select of new vehicle representation check EPA decides sample size (1) Test: Driving mode, Idle mode, Evaporation; Acceleration, Stationary noise. not representative representative Test result verdict (2) Finish Manufacturer decides sample size qualified Withdraw Cert ification Perform recall correction process (for exhaust emission only) Random emissions / noise testing of new vehicles Conformity Assessment Procedure 1st or 2nd Test (2) unqualified 1st test 2nd test EPA decides sample size (1) Emission test result: Single vehicle > 1.5*Standard or average > Standard No (and/or noise) Yes 4 weeks, fee is the same as type approval
  • 13. Quality Control by Manufacturers abnormal qualified Explain and correct Submit to competent authority Confirmation Vehicle selection Simple Adjustment normal Test: Driving mode, Idle mode, Evaporation; Acceleration, Stationary noise. Random sampling: Gasoline - 1 for every 200 vehicles Heavy diesel - 1 for every 500 vehicles Light diesel - 1 for every 200 vehicles Noise for <3.5 ton - 1 for every 500 vehicles Noise for >3.5 ton - 1 for every 100 vehicles unqualified Fewer random tests for those with good quality control (for exhaust emission only) abnormal normal Conformity Assessment Procedure Cost and fee depends on manufacturer itself
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  • 15. Imported value of vehicles (excluding rail vehicles) and components from various regions of the world Conclusions Imported vehicle value has increased since our entry into WTO
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