The document proposes developing a Ship Emission Rating Index (SERI) to rate how environmentally friendly individual ships are based on factors like fuel type, engine performance, and emissions. It discusses existing tools to measure ship emissions and identifies key factors that contribute to emissions. The goal is to build a predictive model using machine learning to dynamically calculate each ship's SERI and help reduce carbon emissions in the shipping industry.

1. Green Shipping Idea for Reducing Carbon Emission (SERI):
Ship Emission Rating Index
Anywhere, anytime…..
Carol Anne Hargreaves (PHD)
carol.hargreaves1@gmail.com

2. Industry Problem:
Through the release of Greenhouse Gases (GHG), the
industry also contributes significantly to climate change
There is continued increase in international maritime
transport which may result in shipping being
responsible for 6% of the world’s GHG emissions by
2020 & 15% by 2050.
Carbon emissions are depleting the ozone layer.
Globally, we need to half the carbon emissions by
2050.
Exposure to toxic emissions from shipping is
reported to cause cardiovascular & respiratory
diseases

3. Shipping Industry Background Information - EEDI
Since Jan 2013, the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) ,
P is 75% of the rated installed shaft power,
SFC is the specific fuel consumption,
Cf is CO2 is emission rate based on fuel type,
DWT is the ship deadweight tonnage,
Vref is the vessel speed at design load.
The EEDI requires a minimum energy efficiency level
(CO2 emissions) per capacity mile (e.g. tone mile) for
different ship type and size segments.

4. Shipping Industry Background Information - EVDI
• RightShip’s Existing Vessel Design Index ,
the EVDI™ measures a ship’s CO2 emissions,
however, unlike the EEDI, the EVDI™ can be
applied to existing ships.
• The GHG Emissions Rating is a practical
measure derived from the EVDI™ that allows
relative comparison of a ship’s CO2 emissions
to vessels of a similar size and type.

5. Shipping Industry Background Information - SEEMP
A Ship Energy Efficiency Management
Plan (SEEMP) are mandatory for all ships
of 400 gross tonnage and above.

6. Shipping Industry Background Information - ESI
The Environmental Shipping Index (ESI) evaluates
the amount of nitrogen oxide (NOX), sulphur
oxide (SOX) that is released by a ship and
includes a reporting scheme on the greenhouse
gas emission of the ship.
The ESI is a good indication of the environmental
performance of ocean going vessels and will
assist in identifying cleaner ships in a general
way.
The index is intended to be used by ports to
reward ships when they participate in the ESI and
will promote clean ships,

7. Shipping Industry Background Information - CSI
Clean Shipping Index (CSI) is a tool for
measuring the five areas of environmental
impact – CO2 emission, SOX and PM emissions,
NOX emissions, chemical products.
Clean Shipping Index estimates how well a
vessel is doing in each area. The weighing
together of the score gives a hint of the overall
performance.
Clean Shipping Index is a web-based tool which
is quick and easy to fill in for carriers – and to
no expense covers main types of vessels from all
ages

8. Emission Reduction Measures Identified
Jun Yuan1 & Szu Hui Ng2 & Weng Sut Sou1 (1 Centre for Maritime Studies, 2 Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering (NUS))
Operational Measures Technical Measures
Speed Reduction Hull Coating 1
Weather Routing Hull Coating 11
Autopilot Adjustment Optimization water Flow of hull openings (g
rids, scallop)
Propeller Polishing when Required Air Lubrication
Propeller Polishing (at regular intervals) Integrated Propeller and Rudder Upgrade
Propeller Upgrade
Propeller Boss Cap with Fins
Main Engine Tuning
Speed Control of Pumps and Fans

9. Challenges faced by the Shipping Industry - ECA
From 2016, new threshold will also
apply to nitrous oxide emissions.
From 2015, ships operating in Emissions
Control Areas will be required to use fuels with
0.1% or less sulphur content (versus 1%
previously)
Table 1. MARPOL Annex VI NOx Emission Limits
Tier Date
NOx Limit, g/kWh
n < 130
13
0 ≤ n < 20
00
n ≥ 2000
Tier I 2000 17.0 45 · n-0.2 9.8
Tier II 2011 14.4 44 · n-0.23 7.7
Tier III 2016† 3.4 9 · n-0.2 1.96
† In NOx Emission Control Areas (Tier II standards apply outsi
de ECAs).

10. Current Maritime Market for Data Analytics
The market of ships well suited for remote monitoring to analyze data
is about 30,000 out of 100,000 commercial class vessels globally.
These 30,000 vessels could create a $20 billion value in terms of reductions in fuel
consumption, downtime, maintenance expenses and environmental fines. That
number could go to $50 billion by 2030.
Maersk container line has reduced greenhouse emissions per container moved
nearly 40 percent since 2007 and is committed to a target reduction of 60 percent
by 2020.
The company expects an 80 percent increase in volumes by 2020 compared with
2007, so a 60 percent improvement in efficiency would cut container-related
emissions by 40 percent.
Maersk gives much of the credit for fuel and emissions reductions to its Global
Voyage Centre, which monitors fleet operations round the clock from a situation
room in Mumbai."The team is watching to ensure that the vessels keep to their
optimum voyage speed.
http://magazines.marinelink.com/Magazines/MaritimeProfessional/201403/content/optimize-
performance-analytics-465883

11. Big Data helps Shipping Lines Cut Fuel Bills and Emissions
At a time when environmental concerns and energy prices
remain high, savings on fuel can make a significant
improvement to margins.
Accurate information on fuel consumption and routes can
mean the difference between winning a customer and letting
them go to a competitor.
Increasing levels of automation and onshore vessel control are
presenting opportunities to further reduce operational
expenditure.
TransMetrics brings big data to the transport and logistics
industry to improve capacity optimization, reduce costs and
reduce CO2 emission.

12. Goal/Solution: Build a Ship Emission Rating Index (SERI)
Some ships are more emission
friendly than others….what is
the impact of different factors
in their contribution to how
‘green’ a ship is???
Emissions do not divide into ships equally and considerations such
a ship size, fuel type, engine performance as well as maritime
technology mean that some ships are more efficient than others

13. Comparison of Emission Reduction Measures / Tools
EEDI EVDI™
Measures theoretical CO2
emission performance of
new ships over 400 gross
tonnes & is calculated
from ship design and
engine performance data
The EVDI™ is similar to
the EEDI but can be
applied to existing ships.
Derived from the EVDI™ that
allows relative comparison of a
ship’s CO2 emissions to vessels of
a similar size and type.
GHG Emissions Rating
ESI
Gives a numerical
representation of the
environmental
performance of ships and
is a function of NOX ,SOX
, CO2, PM, chemicals
CSI
Gives a rating to ships &
shipping companies based on
their environmental
performance – CO2, SOX,
PM2.5,PM10,NOX,Ballast Water,
Bilge Water, Chemicals
(antifouling, lubricants)
Uses fuel type, vessel type, TEU, CO2, SOX,
engine type, PM2.5, PM10, NOX, time spent in
port, vessel weight, scrubber, auxillary engine
usage at berth, the way they operate their
ship, country, owner, classification society,
weather, speed, propeller polishing, autopilot,
hull coatings, lubricants, propeller upgrade,
main engine tuning, water flow optimization,
speed control of pumps and fans ++++++
.
SERI (Ship Emission Rating Index)

14. Predictive Model for Determining Emission Rating Index
Machine learning algorithm used to
predict the ship emission rating index
Container database has a
list of green ships that will
be used

15. Dynamically Measuring How Green a Ship is…..using SERI
The analytical approach is suitable as it will allow us to:
Identify the key factors that contribute to the green index for each ship type
Identify which of the key factors have a positive effect and which factors have a negative effect for
each ship type
Determine the size and impact of each factor on the green index for each ship type
Assess the impact of SOx, NOx, CO2, PM2.5, PM10 on the green index

16. Demo of our Green Ship Rating Tool
• Based on Container Data

17. System Architecture
Current green ship registry
database
Neural Network
Model
Recency, Frequency,
TEU Classification
Engine
Marketing Rules
Vessel Tracking
System
Green status of new
vessel
Targetting Green Strategy

18. What is the Value of our Tool?
Reduced Carbon Emissions.
Increase in Number of Emission Friendly Ships.
Singapore Rated as a Green Port
Sets a standard that beyond physical vessel measurement.
Easily accessible
Real-time functionality
Mobility
Easy to understand
Banks & Insurance Companies

19. Carol Anne Hargreaves (PHD)
Interested in learning more about the
‘Ship Emission Rating Index’?
Contact me on:
Email: carol.hargreaves1@gmail.com