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Mode Field Diameter (MFD) Overview
• Mode Field Diameter is a measure of
light intensity in a single mode fiber
cross section
• Traditionally, MFD is the width of the
curve where the intensity falls below
1/𝑒"
of its peak. While still a good way
to visualize the MFD, the definition has
improved
What is MFD?
• International standards define MFD via
the Petermann II definition which
involves integration of angles obtained
from the far-field intensity distribution
• MFD, as the effective area of the fiber,
is larger than the core with light also
propagating through a portion of the
cladding
• Provides information about the cable’s performance and the impact of sources of
loss such as macro and micro bending
• Appropriately matched fibers and sources avoids excessive loss or underfilling
(source-to-fiber and fiber-to-fiber coupling loss)
Why is MFD important?
Deceptively good loss going right to left
Really bad loss going left to right
• OP1021 Launch Condition Analyzer
• Farfield profile obtained via the direct
farfield method, which is the preferred
reference method for MFD
• Calculations per Petermann II integral
done in OPL-LCA
• MFD included in results and test report
Testing Solution for MFD
• TIA/EIA-455-191A and IEC 60793-1-45
• Standards highlight four methods for calculating MFD, with the direct farfield method
being the most direct and thus used to resolve disputes
• MFD is calculated by measuring the farfield
pattern and evaluating the Petermann II
integral using the measured data
• Evaluation of this integral is done in
OPL-LCA following the process
detailed in Annex A of both
standards documents
Standards
www.optotest.com
engineering@optotest.com
+1 805.987.1700

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What is Mode Field Diameter?

  • 1. Mode Field Diameter (MFD) Overview
  • 2. • Mode Field Diameter is a measure of light intensity in a single mode fiber cross section • Traditionally, MFD is the width of the curve where the intensity falls below 1/𝑒" of its peak. While still a good way to visualize the MFD, the definition has improved What is MFD? • International standards define MFD via the Petermann II definition which involves integration of angles obtained from the far-field intensity distribution • MFD, as the effective area of the fiber, is larger than the core with light also propagating through a portion of the cladding
  • 3. • Provides information about the cable’s performance and the impact of sources of loss such as macro and micro bending • Appropriately matched fibers and sources avoids excessive loss or underfilling (source-to-fiber and fiber-to-fiber coupling loss) Why is MFD important? Deceptively good loss going right to left Really bad loss going left to right
  • 4. • OP1021 Launch Condition Analyzer • Farfield profile obtained via the direct farfield method, which is the preferred reference method for MFD • Calculations per Petermann II integral done in OPL-LCA • MFD included in results and test report Testing Solution for MFD
  • 5. • TIA/EIA-455-191A and IEC 60793-1-45 • Standards highlight four methods for calculating MFD, with the direct farfield method being the most direct and thus used to resolve disputes • MFD is calculated by measuring the farfield pattern and evaluating the Petermann II integral using the measured data • Evaluation of this integral is done in OPL-LCA following the process detailed in Annex A of both standards documents Standards