2. INDEX
• Approach
• Acquisition vs. Learning
• Digital Literacy
• EFL
• ESL
• LAD
• Literacy
• Multiple Intellingencies Theory
• Phonics
• Silent Period
• TPR
• Target Language
• Mother Tongue
• The Critical Period
• ZPD
3. APPROACH
• A set or principles about teaching including views on
method, syllabus, and a philosophy of language and
learning. Approaches have theoretical backing with
practical applications.
4. ACQUISITION VS LEARNING
• It is a subconscious process, identical in most
important ways to the process children utilize in
acquiring their first language. It does not require
extensive use of conscious grammatical rules.
• It is a conscious process that consists of learning
grammar rules of a foreign language .
5. DIGITAL LITERACY VS LITERACY
• Digital literacy is ¨the person's ability to perform tasks
effectively in a digital environment. Literacy includes the
ability to read and interpret media, to reproduce data and
images through digital manipulation, and to evaluate and
apply a new knowledge gained from digital environments.
• Literacy is a fundamental human right and the foundation for
lifelong learning. It is fully essential to social and human
development in its ability to transform lives . For individuals,
families and societies alike, it is an instrument of
empowerment ton improve one's income, and one's
relationship with the world.
6. EFL
(English as a foreign language)
• Non-native speakers who are learning English
language in a non-native English environment, for
example, Koreans, Chinese, an Japanese learning
English in Korea, China and Japan.
7. ESL
( English as a second language )
• Non-native speaker who are learning English
language in an English language environment for
example, immigrants to the U.K, Canada, or the U.S.
8. LAD
(Lenguage Adquisiton Device)
• The LAD is a hypothetical tool hardwired into the
brain that helps children rapidly learn and understand
language. Chomsky used it to explain just how
amazingly children are able to acquire language
abilities as well as accounting for the innate
understanding of grammar and syntax all children
possess.
9. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES THEORY
• Multiple intelligences, an approach developed by
psychologist and educator Howard Gardner, looks at
intelligence not as a single concept, but as varied
areas of human ability that shape behaviour and
learning. He originally identified seven intelligences
--visual/spatial, verbal, logical/mathematical,
musical/rhythmic, bodily/kinaesthetic, interpersonal,
and intrapersonal.
10. PHONICS
• Is a method for teaching reading and writing the
English language by developing learners phonemic
awareness the ability to hear, identify, and manipulate
phonemes in order to teach the correspondence
between these sounds and spelling patterns that
represent them.
11. SILENT PERIOD
• The silent period hypothesis is the idea that
when a language is learned, there should be a
period in which the learner is not expected to
actively produce any language. This is based
on observations of a listening period in infants
when they learn a first language.
12. TPR
• TPR (Total Physical Response) is an approach to
teaching a second/foreign language, based on
listening linked to physical activities which are
designed to reinforce comprehension.
The method relies on the assumption that when
learning a second or additional language, that
language is internalized through a process of code-
breaking similar to first language development.
13. TARGET LANGUAGE
• The language into which a text written in another
language is to be translated.
14. MOTHER TONGUE
• The first language that you learn when you are a
baby, rather than a language learned at school or as
an adult.
15. THE CRITICAL PERIOD
• The hypothesis that if somebody does not acquire a
first language before a certain time (around puberty),
they will lose the ability to acquire language. There
are two versions of this hypothesis: The strong
version states that language acquisition will be
impossible after this point has been reached. The
weak version states that acquisition will be difficult
after this period has been reached.
16. ZPD
• The Zone of Proximal Development theory stems
from the work of social psychologist Lev Vygotsky,
who emphasizes the notion that social interaction is
critical to learning. He conceives of learning as
constantly moving from an "actual development
level" to a "potential development level." Between
these levels lies the ZPD, where learning occurs
through the interaction of an expert (the teacher) and
a novice (the learner). Eventually the learner's
potential level becomes the actual level and the
learning cycle continues.
