Taylor's University (Batch 2018 March intake)

1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS)
MARCH INTAKE 2018
ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND SERVICES 1 [BLB 61104]
ASSIGNMENT (REPORT)
TOPIC: BUILDING INTEGRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY
GROUP MEMBERS:
1. CELINE CHONG 0330652
2. GILBERT WONG 0330174
3. JEREMY LAU 0331164
4. CHOW MAN JUN 0331814
5. JONATHAN TEO 0331237
6. ALVIN CHEW BIT YANG 0330773
LECTURER: MR LEONG BOON TIK
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2. CONTENT
No. Content Page no.
1. Introduction 2
2. Solar energy 3-6
3. Installation 7-11
4. Management 12-14
5. Advantages and Disadvantages 15-16
6. Case Study : Kaohsiung stadium,Taiwan 17-23
7. Possible Problems of the system 24-25
8. Recommendations for future improvement 26
9. Learning Outcome 27-28
10. References 29-30
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3. Introduction
Solar energy is basically a type of energy that uses renewable source unlike the fossil
fuels which are finite. It is a form of heat radiation from the Sun and turn it into a form of
electricity which we mostly use. Our Sun releases a heat energy which is called the photons.
For energy to turn into our daily electricity, we will need to have a solar panel to work with it. It is
mostly placed on the rooftop of our houses so the Sun can generate heat effectively. Solar
technology can be explained as active solar and passive solar. Active solar techniques include
the use of solar water heating, photovoltaic system and concentrated solar power to control and
harness the energy; Passive solar techniques converts the solar energy to heat energy without
the use of mechanical system. The solar energy is the energy obtained by capturing heat and
light from the sun. The method is referred to as the photovoltaic method. This is achieved by
using a semiconductor material. When the Sun reaches the solar panel, it will create nuclear
fusion process. In the process, the heat releases high tension and temperature which makes the
atoms to combine. With the solar panels, the sunlight will be converted into modify current which
only flows into one direction which is, direct current (DC). The electric will then switch direct
current (DC) to alternating current (AC) by using the inverter. Then, the AC will operate in the
house. Active solar technology is used to convert the solar energy to heat and electricity power
with the use of active mechanical system. Photovoltaic and solar thermal are the examples of
active solar energy while passive solar technology is used to convert the solar energy to heat
energy without the use of active mechanical system. It includes those ventilation, orienting
spaces , improve air circulation and others. Mainly used on windows, tress, building placement
or other techniques to capture and deflect the sun for uses. According to the Solar Power’s
Greenhouse Emissions Measured, one of the biggest drawback on this technology is that large
amount of toxic materials like metals or lead might need to use for producing the solar panels
which lead to air pollution.
In this report,our topic is is building integration with solar energy. We had selected one
case study which is Kaohsiung Stadium, Taiwan. The roof of this building is integrated with
8,844 solar panels, and this is the first stadium to generate all of its electricity. It is also
remarkable that it incorporates the solar panels into the general aesthetic, and pulls it off quite
well. It could generate up to 1.14 gwh of electricity per year.
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4. Solar energy
Solar Panel
A solar panel is a collection of solar cells. Solar cells are small devices which can
convert sunlight into electricity. One cell will only provide a very small amount of power. If
several cells connected together and fixed in a frame to formal module (solar panel) , it can
produces a larger and useful amount of power.
Type of solar panel
There are five main types of solar cells which is Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Solar
Panel, Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Solar Panel, Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Panel
Hybrid Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Panel and Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV).
Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Solar Panel
Monocrystalline solar panel is the highest quality of solar cell. These cells are cut from a
single continuous solid cylinder of crystal. The cylinder is then sliced into thin wafers to create
solar cells. These cells are the most efficient when convert the sun’s energy to electricity.
Therefore, they are the most expensive solar panels. Currently they are available but they
require less space than other cells because they can produce more energy.
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5. Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Solar Panel
Polycrystalline solar panel is the most popular choice to install in residential areas. They
are made up of multiple silicon cells which are melted together and then recrystallized. This
process is simpler and less wasteful than monocrystalline panels. These cells are slightly less
efficient but cheaper than monocrystalline solar panel.
Amorphous Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Panel
Amorphous silicon solar panel is the least expensive and least efficient solar panels.
These panels can be manufactured by placing a thin film of amorphous ( non crystalline) silicon
onto a wide choice of surfaces. These panels can be thin and flexible which is why they are
normally known as “Thin Film” solar panel.
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6. Amorphous
Solar Panel Solar cell
Hybrid Silicon Photovoltaic Solar Panel
Hybrid silicon solar panel is the combination of both monocrystalline solar cell and
amorphous solar cell to generate maximum efficiency. These panels have higher efficiency
ratings than other solar panel. It is a lot more expensive than mono or poly-crystalline panels.
They are better suited to countries that have sunnier climes.
Hybrid
Solar Panel
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7. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV)
Building integrated photovoltaic are solar photovoltaics that are integrated into the
building in the form of solar shingles, solar titles, slates and others rather than an individual type
of solar cell technology . This type of system can be integrated into roofs, facades, walls and
even windows. However, BIPV is too expensive to install at residential areas.
Installation Process
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8. Installation
Type of solar panel installation
1. Flat roof solar installation
This is the simplest method of installation of solar panels on the roof of the residential or
commercial buildings. Flat roof solar PV system installation provides flexibility for orienting the
solar panels at specific angle to get the maximum exposure to the sun.The solar panels are held
together using any of the following three techniques-
Ballasts or weights
These are suitable in low wind zones. Instead of bolting the solar panels on the roof, weights
are used to hold them in an array.
Mechanical attachment
Solar panels are mounted on the roof using metal beams. The metal structures can sustain the
solar array positions even in windy zones.
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9. Hybrid mount
This technique uses both ballasts and beam to hold the panels together and cling to the roof.
2. Pitched roof solar installation
This type of solar power installation is made on the angular roof. This technique is complex
because the solar panels need to be held intact in the inclined surface of the roof.
3. Ground-Mount solar installation
Some buildings are not suitable for installation of solar panels because of their location, sun
exposure areas, etc. In such cases, where the land area is sufficient, ground-mounting of solar
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10. panels can be done. This installation type usually involves metal and concrete structures to fix
the solar panels on and above the ground.
Installation Process:
1. Engineering site visit: the first step to getting your solar system installed
After you sign your solar contract, an engineer will come to the property to analyze the electrical
status of the home and ensure everything is well suited with the new energy system. This
engineer will typically work directly for your installer, but could also be an independent provider
contracted by your installer. After signing with your installer, the engineering site visit will occur
soon after.
During the visit, the engineer will evaluate the condition of your roof to ensure that it’s
structurally sound. He will also look at your electrical panel to see if you’ll need to upgrade it. If
you hear from an installer that they need to upgrade the electrical panel, that means that your
new solar panels will require more amps of current and the ampere capacity of your electrical
box will need to increase.
It should be noted that this engineer visit is different than a general site visit which is when an
installer evaluates your property to consider system size, roof type, angle of roof, shading, etc.
before any contract is signed.
2.Permits and documents: the logistical paperwork required for your solar panel installation
As with any big financial decision, installing solar panels involves a lot of paperwork. Luckily,
most of this paperwork is dealt with by the installer – regardless, it’s always a good idea to know
what’s going on behind the scenes of your solar installation. One of the main things you’ll be
applying for will be state and federal solar incentives such as the federal ITC, local solar
programs, clean energy financing initiatives like PACE, government rebates and solar
renewable energy certificates (SRECs).
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11. In addition to applying for incentives, you will need to fill out other paperwork like building
permits. These permits are specific to where you live. For example, certain states require that a
roof has three feet of clear space surrounding the solar panels, whereas other areas of the U.S.
will allow you to install panels across the entire surface of your roof. Your installer will know the
restrictions and requirements of the states in which they operate, and can help you figure out
which permits you need – in many cases, the installer will fill out this paperwork for you.
The time frame for this step is mainly dependent on how long it takes your installer to get it all
finished and submitted. If you’re eager to get your panel system up and running immediately,
just make sure to follow up with your installer to check on the progress of your paperwork.
3.Ordering equipment: choosing the panels and inverters and getting your solar panel
installation scheduled
Now that you’re set up with the proper paperwork, your installer will be ready to place an
equipment order through their primary distributor. At this point, you will have already decided on
the equipment your system will include – that decision occurs before the contract sign.
However, if you’re looking for advice on equipment selection, here are some things to consider.
The two primary components you’ll need to evaluate for your system are solar panels and
inverters. Your installer will likely recommend a particular brand for each, and will additionally
offer a few alternatives. Durability, efficiency and aesthetics are the primary factors most
homeowners will use to compare the various brands (other than price).
To be certain that you’ve chosen the right equipment for your system, spend some time
researching microinverters vs. string inverters vs. power optimizers and look into the best-rated
solar panels on the market. Evaluating your equipment options can help you feel prepared for
the ordering and shipment stage of the solar panel installation process.
Once the equipment ordering process is complete, your property is added to your installer’s
queue.Your equipment (panels and inverters) will likely arrive on the day of your installation,
which can happen whenever your paperwork is approved (typically within one to two months).
Time until install also depends on how many projects your installer has in their queue. If
possible, try to get your solar installation done in the winter when solar companies aren’t as
busy.
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12. 4.Solar panel installation: the big day
The actual installation is an exciting day for every solar homeowner. Your solar installer will start
by prepping your roof and making sure the shingles or tiles are properly attached. Then, they
put in electrical wiring that will connect to your electrical panel and general power system.
After the electrical wiring is complete, they will install racking to support your panels (this is the
only piece of equipment that will actually be attached to your roof). Once the racking is level and
safely attached, the panels are placed onto the racking. Finally, your inverter(s) are connected
to the panels to convert direct current (DC) energy into the alternating current (AC) energy used
in homes and on the electric grid.
The timeline for the installation will range from one to three days, completely dependent on the
size of the system you are installing. One additional factor that can add time to your installation
process is putting in a power meter for net metering. If your installer needs to add a power
meter, this will add a few hours to your solar panel installation.
5.Approval and interconnection
The final step of going solar is “flipping the switch,” so to speak, and officially commencing to
generate power from your rooftop. Before you can connect your solar panels to the electric grid,
a representative from your town government will need to inspect the system and give approval.
During this inspection, the representative will essentially be double-checking your installer’s
work. He or she will verify that the electrical wiring was done correctly, the mounting was safely
and sturdily attached, and the overall install meets standard electrical and roof setback codes.
Following this local inspection, you will be ready for official grid interconnection. A
representative from your electric company will come by to do their own final evaluation of the
solar panel system. As long as there are no glaring issues, your panels will go live the moment
they “give the okay” and connect your system to the grid. You can expect to wait two weeks to a
month for the town approval and utility approval to occur and interconnection to go live.
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13. MANAGEMENT
PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
Solar photovoltaic systems have transitioned well beyond small, obscure projects into massive
operations. Investment has grown. Returns are starting to come back on initial investments in
some cases, within just a couple of years.
Photovoltaic operations & management:
■ Make a plan on paper for proactive operation & management, rather than reacting
to problems on the fly.
■ Benchmark performance indicators to mark real improvement, reduce costs and
maximize performance.
■ Develop a strategy and budget to be able to withstand unexpected expenses and
reduce downtime, such as a line of credit, reserve account or a fund specifically
developed for repair.
■ Consider whether there are life cycle problems during system design and
equipment selection, such as ease of operations, preventive maintenance
requirements, reliability and failure rates, and end-of-life issues like component
recycling and hazardous material disposal.
■ Take advantage of technological developments applicable to your PV system,
such as software for data analytics, remote diagnostics, asset management,
remote imaging and module-level power electronics.
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14. SOLAR PANEL
Solar panels generally require very little management since there are no moving parts. A few
times a year, the panels should be inspected for any dirt or
debris that may collect on them. Always make sure to be
safety conscious when inspecting panels and don’t take
any needless risks. If the panels are too high up on the roof
to see very well from the ground, use caution with ladders.
To clean the panels, use a garden hose to wash the face
of the panels during early morning or in the evening. Avoid
spraying cold water onto hot panels or there would be a
risk of cracking them.
BATTERY
The goal of battery care and maintenance is to improve your battery performance and life.
Battery life is a highly variable property that depends on all kinds of factors such as storage
temperature and depth of discharge (DOD). About 80% of battery failures are caused by
sulfation, it is a process where the sulfur crystals form on the battery’s lead plates and prevent
chemical reactions from happening. Sulfation occurs when the battery has a low charge or
electrolyte level. Since sulfation is dangerous in terms of
keeping the battery functioning properly, it is very important to
manage, maintain and control these two factors in flooded
batteries. To do this use distilled water , a digital voltmeter, a
temperature compensating hydrometer and proper safety gear.
Remember that you cannot and do not need to check the fluid
level and the specific gravity in AGM and gel batteries. So the
first two steps only apply to flooded batteries.
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15. INVERTER
Inverters are much more technically difficult to manage than solar panels, and are not
something an average person should touch. The electrical components and high voltage
elements make this too dangerous for people without certifications. If there is dirt in the inverter,
it can actually create new conduction pathways on the circuit boards, which in extreme cases
can lead to circuit failure. To prevent it from further dirt and other unwanted materials to disrupt
the inverter, it is good to consider the placement of the inverter. To clean the inverter, we
should wipe out the outer parts of the inverter with a dry cloth. And also if the inverter has
problems with its function we should also seek for replacement parts for it. We should check if
there is any loose connections of wire, if there is, the wire has to be retighten. And lastly, we
have to check the temperature of the inverter, if the temperature is abnormal then a
replacement of the inverter would be the best solution.
SOLAR THERMAL
Solar collector
A solar thermal collector is a panel that consists of a collector that converts energy from
sunlight into a more usable form of energy. The solar collector is placed on outdoor and is more
exposed to the surroundings, therefore, it is easier to trap dirt. Management and maintenance of
the solar collector has to be done frequently to ensure that it functions properly.
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16. Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
1. Solar Energy is renewable.
Solar electricity is made in the solar radiation, which transfer it to solar energy. It is available
everywhere as long as there is Sunlight. We will not face the problem of lacking of solar energy.
2. Cost Effective
Electricity comes from the solar panels and it comes from the natural habitat of the Sunlight, the
electricity bills will surely go down and it saves a lot of money.
3. Maintenance Costs is below average to other energy
Solar energy doesn’t demand much on maintenance or any repair cycle. Solar panels usually
can be found on the top of the roof so it’s quite impossible for us to damage it easily. Also, it
normally can last for about 25 years.
4. Helps to stop the growth of global warming
Installing solar panels in your home helps to prevent the usage of fossil fuel to create energy
and reduce greenhouse gases.
5. Create more job opportunity
Solar panels company needs people to installs solar panels to homes.
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17. Disadvantages
1. Cost
The cost of purchasing the solar panel is quite high. The cost includes solar panels, inverter,
batteries, wiring and installation. The solar technology is improving fast nowadays and the price
is assumed to be cheaper in the future.
2. Spacious
In order to collect a large amount of the solar energy, amounts of solar panels must be nicely
placed on the roof. Some roofs don’t have enough space to place all the panels.
3. Create pollution
Solar energy creates less pollution compared to the other energy sources but there are some
toxic materials that are used to manufacture the solar panels.
4. Depending on the weather
Solar panels are relying on the sunlight to gather energy but there are times where days are
rainy and cloudy. Therefore, it would be hard to collect solar energy. Also, there are no solar
energy can be collected during night time.
5. It doesn’t work in any type of roof
Many homes and apartment buildings have skylights or other rooftop additions like roof decks
that can make the solar installation process difficult or costly.
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18. Case study :
Kaohsiung Stadium, Taiwan
Architect: Toyo Ito
Built in: 2007-2009
Land Area:189,012.00 m²
Floor Area: 25,553.46 m²
Capacity: 55,000
Location: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Toyo Ito
He was born in Seoul, South Korea in 1941. He is a leading
exponent of architecture that addresses the contemporary notion of
a "simulated" city, and has been called "one of the world's most
innovative and influential architects. There are a few famous
projects done by him which is the Sendai Mediatheque, Japan
(2001), Tama Art University Library in Tokyo, Japan (2007), Meiso
no Mori Municipal Funeral Hall , Mikimoto building in Ginza in
Tokyo, Japan (2005) and Serpentine Gallery Pavilion in London,
United Kingdom (2002).
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19. Introduction
It also known as World Game Main Stadium, not only mark an advance in construction
techniques but differs from the classic stadiums traditionally closed.Opened in July 2009 for the
World Games held in Taiwan, at a cost of $ 150 million, an area of 25,553 meters square ,taking
into account the requirements to qualify as “green building”. It was completed in 2009, it is used
mostly for football matches and it hosted the main events for the 2009 World Games. The
stadium has a capacity of 55,000 people. Since the conclusion of the games, the stadium has
been used for some Taiwanese football team matches. Toyo Ito makes use of solar energy to
provide its power needs. The stadium’s semi spiral-shaped, like a dragon, is the first stadium in
the world to provide power using solar power technology. The solar panels covering the vast
external face of the stadium are able to generate most of the power required for its own
operation, as well as additional power that can be saved. The roof is covered with 8,844 solar
panels, and this is the first stadium to generate all of its electricity. It is also remarkable that it
incorporates the solar panels into the general aesthetic, and pulls it off quite well. It could
generate up to 1.14 gwh of electricity per year.
Space
The total area of the stadium has a surface area of approximately 46,937.10 square meters.
Public spaces like parks, bicycle pathways, pond and green area or in other words, the green
nature is just right next to the main stadium. It has a total of 5 floors including the basements. It
has enough for 55,000 seats for visitors which includes the temporary seating area. On top of
that, it also provides 400 square meters track for athletics.
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20. Concept
Its shape is actually a symbol of dragon swinging its tail which represents the Asian culture. The
shape is also explained as an open circle with a question mark. The crammed positioning of
solar panels makes it looks like metallic snakeskin and so, the local started to call it “glass
snake” or “dragon’s tail”.
<<< open circle with a question mark shape
Feng Shui
In Asian countries especially China, locals are
concerned with the feng shui, which they strongly believe it can bring good fortune to them if the
spatial arrangement or orientation is at the positive flow of simulation energy. Intentionally, feng
shui had played an important role on designing the stadium roof. The sides and roof of the
stadium are not closed in a circle. The reason to this is because the designers found out that
this structure can maximize the effect of natural cooling by wind. Furthermore, the tunnel can
make the air more refreshing to the viewer during hot summer.
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21. Structure
This building is a concrete based framework with pipes and steel beams that supports nearly
9,000 solar panels. As for the upper floor, it includes the concrete structure in a ring. Energy
used in this building is completely used with the largest photovoltaic system in Taiwan to date.
During the construction, contractors found that it’s necessary for them to create new materials to
adjust the solar panels by providing energy to both solar panels and roof of the stadium. These
new materials can be controlled by computer. Not only it can study the drawback of natural
disasters on them, it also helps to correct the orientation of the roof to protect spectators from
the tropical sun of Kaohsiung.
Solar panels roof: There’s a total of 8844 solar panels on the 14,000 meter square of surface.
The amount of solar panels can normally supply up to 1.14GWh in a year, lessen the total
output of 660 tons carbon dioxide and cover up to 80% of energy of the surrounding area when
not in use. An average of 3,300 lux of illumination that keep the light sources can be found in
this stadium. A ceiling sensor tracks all the usage of the electricity and sends data back into the
stadium through a small power stadium. Other sensors will detect broken or damages panels.
Location
The stadium takes its name from Kaohsiung, the port city where he was raised in southern
Taiwan, 400 kilometers south of Taipei, the capital city. It is located at the intersection of
Jhonghai Road and Road Jyunsiao Zuoying district and visitors can arrive and get off from MRT
at Stadium World Station.
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22. Location Plan
Site Plan
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23. Elevation View
How does it works?
Kaohsiung is coastal city where it is near the boarding on a coast. It is located in the tropical
zone, sunshine hours can be up to 2212 hrs per year. Compared to Taipei, its nearly 800 hours
more.
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24. The entire roof of the stadium has installed with 8842 tablets of solar photovoltaic modules
which can act as awnings for the seating area.It can produced 300 kwh power a day
After installing 279 of 3.6 kwh of current converters and parallel use of the utility power, the
electricity generated by the photovoltaic modules can supply the stadium and the excess
electricity can be sold to the Taiwan power company.
It equivalent to reduced by 660 tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year.
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25. P​OSSIBLE PROBLEM TO THE SYSTEMS
1. Risk to firemen during a fire
During a fire, one of the most important things is when firefighters will cut off the main electric
supply for the area. However, when there are solar panels on the roof, cutting the power does
not eliminate the hazardous voltages which is present at the string ends. This is because solar
panel is hard to switch off and it might continue to operate even when damaged. ​There is a
technique that firefighters use to deal with a fire is to cut a hole in the roof and to vent the home
to make it easier for the firefighters inside the home. Firefighters are concerned that they could
accidentally cut into high voltage wiring from the solar system and get electrocuted.
Furthermore, firefighters also need to concern about the factors of solar system when fire. This
is because sol​ar PV modules are manufactured to include a number of potentially hazardous
chemicals and materials which may be released as a side-effect of the fire damage. All of these
considerations and more, it can lead to the fire service deciding that the level of risk and
uncertainty is too high to justify dealing with the property fire at all.
2. Wind Loads
A large, flat solar panel bolted to the structure of your roof is like a giant sail. ​When solar panels
is properly attached to the roof, these solar panels may caused major impairments in heavy
winds. ​With high wind speeds and heavy rain, solar panels may be at risk of being dislodged
from their spot or damaged by high volumes of water. Besides that, anchors can be pulled out
from the building if there are improper mounted and it will create a small entry for moisture to
penetrate which will lead to mold growth and rotting problems.
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26. 3. Not longer lasting and must replaced after a certain years
Solar panels are built to last and ​a good baseline for module longevity is about 25 years which
is the average ​performance guarantee warranty​ for most panels which is provided by the panel
manufacturers. The majority of performance warranties on the market guarantee 90% of
maximum output at ten years and 80% at 25 years. But most solar panels used in home solar
arrays come with a warranty for some 25 or 30 years. After the long time using it , solar panels
require maintenance and upgrades and performance will reduce each year.
4. Retrofit and long term fault tolerance
Solar panels are difficult to retrofit and replace faulty modules throughout their lifecycle. During
the installation, it has to be substituted with module of similar electrical characteristics if a solar
panel breakdown. The solar panel is improving all the times and it is impossible to use a new
solar panel in an old installation. Due to this reason, solar panel companies have to keep an
inventory of cells and modules for 25 years as a supply for old systems.
5. Electric hazards
There are two sides to a solar energy installation which is Alternating Current (AC) and Direct
Current (DC) energy​. ​Solar panels produce DC current. In the solar panels, an inverter is used
to change the DC current from the solar installation into AC current to be used in the house. The
electricity must be integrated with the electrical system in the house before the electricity leaves
the inverter. Improperly integrated currents can cause electrical fire and electrocution dangers.
Even if everything appears to be in working order, hazards could also exist.
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27. Recommendation for future improvement
1. More efficiency and affordable
The cost of the whole solar energy system including the installation and maintenance is too
high. If the cost is lower, people could afford to pay for it. For example, ​most commercial
solar photovoltaic cells are made from silicon. To push the efficiency higher, one of the best
options is to make tandem solar cells which is a cell that use multiple light-absorbing
materials. These developments will lay the foundation for silicon-perovskite tandem solar
cells and may provide a path forward for the solar industry to make high-efficiency, low-cost
solar cells.One of the way to reduce the cost of solar is to improve the efficiency of the solar
panels. With a higher efficiency, fewer panels or modules, it needs to be installed to reach a
desired power target. This means less labor, less land and less hardware.
2. New technology
Better semiconductor that increase the efficiency of energy conversion, reduced size of the
array and less space is required while producing the same or even more amount of energy.
Low toxicity chemicals and materials and more efficient cells can be used in manufacturing
solar system. For example, new materials such as perovskites which is cheaper and more
efficient at energy conversion.​ It also​ can reduce costs dramatically compared to solar floor
cells.
3. Flexible systems
Using flexible platforms for growth and moving towards devices that allow us to roll up solar
cells and unroll them on the go. ​Too much of solar is on a rigid platform but flexible systems
can use a roll-to-roll processing technique to reduce cost and have new functionality from
mechanical flexibility.
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28. Learning outcome:
Building services are the systems which systems which installed in the buildings
to make people feel comfortable, functional and safe. Building services are what makes
a building comes alive. Building services play a central role in contributing to the design
of a building, not only in terms of overall strategies and standards to be achieved, but
also in faced engineering , the weights, sizes and location of major plant and
equipment, the position of vertical service risers , routes for the distribution of horizontal
services, drainages , energy sources, sustainability, and so on. The main topic which
we learnt include solar energy, ventilation system, drainage system, telecommunication,
storm water system, sewage disposal, cold water supply system and hot water supply
system.
With this assignment, our lecturer had given us the opportunity to do a report and
slides regards on the building integrated with solar energy. Based on our research ,we
found out that there are two systems in solar energy which are the active solar energy
and passive solar technology. Active solar energy employs the mechanical system by
converting the sunlight to electricity. While for the passive solar technology, it is a
method that harness in it direct form without using any mechanical devices system.
Solar panels capture the sunlight and generate the electricity to the buildings.
Throughout this assignment, we had managed to learn more about this particular
topic which is solar energy. Based on our research, we learnt the types of solar energy,
the application of energy and installation of the solar energy. Besides, we are able to
define the advantages and disadvantages of solar energy system. We know that the
solar energy is a reusable resource which does not create any pollutions, sound, no
emission. It can help us to save money and solve the energy predicament in the
long-term plan.
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29. Thus, we had chosen Kaohsiung Stadium, Taiwan as our case study for this
assignment. We had learnt about the system that works in the building throughout the
assignment. This building had the good example for our topic regarding with solar
energy.
Last but not least, in this assignment, all of us are fully participating and everyone
of us did our own roles well. We had realized that teamwork is vital when a group
assignment or a task is given,​ one said “​Alone we can do so little, together we can do so
much”. We also want to appreciate to our beloved lecturer, Mr Leong that lead us and
help us on this assignment.
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30. References
World Economic Forum. (2018). ​How to make solar power more efficient and affordable. [online] Available
at: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/03/how-to-make-solar-power-more-efficient-and-affordable/
[Accessed 12 Jun. 2018]
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