2. Management – Execute against the tone and
direction already in place
Leadership – to set the tone and direction for a
group, unit or organization
3. Engineers knowing something wrong and not
forcing the issue
Management glossing over foam issue due to
numerous other issues and history of foam
issues
Biases causing leadership to come to incorrect
conclusions
4. There is a rule generating the following three
numbers. To discover the rule, suggest
additional sets of three numbers.
2 – 4 – 6
5. Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken, and very smart.
She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply
concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice,
and she participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations.
Rank the following 8 descriptions in order of probability
(likelihood) that they describe Linda:
a) Linda is a teacher in an elementary school
b) Linda works in a bookstore and takes yoga classes
c) Linda is active in the feminist movement
d) Linda is a psychiatric social worker
e) Linda is a member of the League of Women Voters
f) Linda is a bank teller
g) Linda is an insurance salesperson
h) Linda is a bank teller who is active in the feminist movement
6. A manager who works for you hired a new
supervisor last year. You were well aware of
the choices she had at the time and allowed her
to choose the new employee on her own. You
just received production data on every
supervisor. The data on the new supervisor are
terrible. You call the manager and claim,
“There was plenty of evidence that he was the
wrong man for the job.” To what have you
fallen prey?
7. Exemplary Leadership
Inspiring a Shared Vision
Envision a Better Future
Enlist Others
Enabling Others to Act
Foster Collaboration
Strengthen Others
Modeling the Way
Clarify Your Own Values
Set the Example
8. Exemplary Leadership (continued)
Challenging the Process
Search for Opportunities
Experiment and Take Risks
Encouraging the Heart
Recognize Contributions
Celebrate Values and Victories
9. Characteristics of Effective Visions
Desirable
Feasible
Clear
Unique
Have a lofty purpose
Often related to somehow improving the human
condition
10. Find a common ideal
Higher level values
Animate the vision
Stay positive, energetic, enthusiastic
Uniqueness
Use picture words
Be true to self
11. Foster Collaboration
Create a climate of trust
Trust & Distrust spreads
Trust first, but start small
Facilitate Relationships
Reciprocate, tit for tat
Strengthen Others
Enhance Self-determination
Develop Competence & Confidence
Set up small wins
12. Clarify Values
Find your voice
If not come from heart, people won’t follow
Affirm shared ideals
Tell stories to try & sell values
Set the Example
Live the shared values
Walk the talk, don’t just speak good values
Teach others to model the values
Only ask people to do what you are willing to do
yourself
13. Search for Opportunities
Think of the status quo and ask yourself if it can be
improved
Experiment and Take Risks
Don’t be afraid of failure
Consider a pilot test for big changes
Get people ready for change before talking about
what you want to change
14.
15. Recognize Contributions
Expect the best
People perform to the level they are expected
Personalize recognition
Be creative with recognition
Simple thank you
Hearing nothing can be as bad as negative feedback
Celebrate the Values and the Victories
Create a spirit of community
Celebrate in public so feel part of a group
Get personally involved
16. Alice typically scores around 80 on weekly 100
pt quizzes in one of her classes. One week she
sets a goal of scoring 90. She scores 87.
Betty typically scores around 80 on weekly 100
pt quizzes in one of her classes. One week she
decides to do her best. She scores 83.
Overall, who will be more satisfied
Notas del editor
Confirmation Bias – Usually confirm rule by giving something that fits rule (i.e. 8 – 10 – 12). Need to try to disprove, in this example give something that doesn’t fit and see if it doesn’t fit (i.e. 1 – 7 – 13)
Conjunction Fallacy Bias – H can’t be more likely than c or f. Joint probability of 2 things can’t be higher than the probability of the 2 things
Hindsight Bias – Once an outcome has occurred, people have a hard time going back in time and accurately predicting the probability (over estimate actual outcome)