Seminar Repport

1. AUTOMATIC NUMBER
PLATE RECOGNISATION
By Guided By
CHANDAN H S Mahadeva Prasad M
III Semester DOS Electronics
DOS Electronics P.G.Centre, Hassan
P.G.Centre, Hassan

2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
DEVELOPMENT HISTORY
ETYMOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
SYSTEM DISCRIPTION
*CAMERA
*SOFTWARE
ALGORITHMS
DIFFICULTIES
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
The Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) is a mass surveillance
method that uses optical character recognition on images to read the license
plates on vehicles.
They can use existing closed-circuit television or road-rule enforcement
cameras, or ones specifically designed for the task.
 Systems commonly use infrared lighting to allow the camera to take the
picture at any time of the day.

4. DEVELOPMENT HISTORY
ANPR was invented in 1976 at the Police Scientific Development Branch in
the UK
Prototype systems were working by 1979, and contracts were let to produce
industrial systems, first at EMI Electronics, and then at Computer Recognition
Systems (CRS) in Wokingham, UK.
The first arrest through detection of a stolen car was made in 1981 & the first
documented case of ANPR in helping solve a murder occurred in November
2005

5. ETYMOLOGY
• ANPR is sometimes known by various other terms
 Automatic license plate recognition [reader] (ALPR)
 Automatic vehicle identification (AVI)
 Car plate recognition (CPR)
 License plate recognition (LPR)
 Mobile license plate reader (MLPR)
 Vehicle license plate recognition (VLPR)

6. TECHNOLOGY
ANPR uses optical character recognition (OCR) on images taken by cameras.
License plate arrangements use variations in font sizes. So, ANPR systems
must be able to cope with such differences in order to be truly effective.
At the line of site, the information captured of the plate alphanumeric, date,
time, lane identification, and any other information required is completed in
approximately 250 milliseconds.
This information can easily be transmitted to a remote computer for further
processing if necessary, or stored at the lane for later retrieval

7. SYSTEM DISCRIPTION
• ANPR-systems normally
consist of two components.
• Firstly, a camera that detects
passing vehicles and
continuously sends the
images to a computer.
• Secondly, software that
recognises number plates
with its characters and stores
them in a database.

8. CAMERA
The Camera itself consists of an infrared detecting ,
general optical colour detecting camera and an infrared
light emitting array of LEDs.
 The LED array beams infrared light in the direction of
the infrared camera, which then captures the light
reflected by the white background of the number plates
of passing by vehicles, which appears white on the
image.
The non-reflecting colour of the characters and the
vehicle’s surface appear black. white on the image.
As of 2012 systems can scan 800
number plates at around one per minute
on cars travelling up to 100 mph (160km).

9. SOFTWARE
 Software recognizes an image with a
number plate, the full string is identified
by an optical character recognition
algorithm and is checked for international
plate syntax to determine the country of
origin.
 Afterwards the number plate string is
saved in conjunction with a timestamp
and the ambiance image of the colour
camera to a database.

10. ALGORITHMS
1. Plate localisation
2. Plate orientation and sizing
3. Normalisation
4. Character segmentation
5. Optical character recognition
6. Syntactical/Geometrical analysis
The complexity of each of these subsections of the program determines the
accuracy of the system
A median filter may also be used to reduce the visual noise on the image.

11. DIFFICULTIES
 Poor file resolution, usually because the plate is too far away OR poor quality
camera.
Poor image resolution, usually because the plate is too far away OR low quality
camera.
 Blurry images, particularly motion blur.
Poor lighting & low contrast due to overexposure, reflection or shadows
 Object obscuring the plate, quite often a bumper, or dirt on the plate
 A different font, popular for vanity plates
 Circumvention techniques

12. Continued
Some problems can be corrected within the software, it is primarily left
to the hardware side of the system to work out solutions to these
difficulties.
 Increasing the height of the camera may avoid problems with objects
(such as other vehicles) obscuring the plate but introduces and increases
other problems, such as the adjusting for the increased skew of the plate.

13. APPLICATIONS OF ANPR
*Wide range of applications since the license number is the primary, most
widely accepted, human readable, mandatory identifier of motor vehicles.
 Law Enforcement
 Parking
 Access Control
 Motorway Road Tolling
 Border Control
 Journey Time Measurement

14. CONCLUSION
It is still not being used in our country but will be prove to be effective.
There is an immediate need of such kind of ANPR system in India as
there are problems of traffic, stealing cars etc.
Government should take some interest in developing this system as this
system is very economical and eco-friendly, if applied effectively.
This change will help in the progress of the nation

15. REFERENCES
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_number_plate_recognition
 https://www.anu.edu.au/Roger.Clarke/DV/ANPR-Surv
 ANPR : Seminar Report and PPT for ECE Students
 ANPR: THE OBSERVANCE OF TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR 8th International
Conference on Survey Methods in Transport, France[pdf]
 A Real-Time Malaysian Automatic License Plate Recognition (M-ALPR)
using Hybrid Fuzzy IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and
Network Security, VOL.9 No.2, February 2009
 Flitsers.net (https://trajectcontroles.net/#)
ANPR Tutorial (https://www.anprtutorial. com/). ANPR Tutorial. 15 August
2006. Retrieved 24-01-2012