The Airports Authority of India is a statutory body working under the Ministry of Civil Aviation, Government of India is responsible for creating, up grading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Communication Navigation Surveillance/ Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM) services over Indian Airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.

1. CNS FOR AIR
TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT

2. OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS CNS?
• WHAT IS AN ATM?
• COMMUNICATION
• NAVIGATION
• SURVEILLANCE
• FUTURE PROJECTS OF AAI
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION
• AAI stands for Airports Authority of India.
• Established under civil aviation 1994 act.
• Provides CNS services to Indian air space and
adjoining oceanic areas.
• It has 126 airports in which only 11 are international.
• It has various RADAR, DVOR, DME, ILS Installations
and controls under its vicinity.
• It follows the rules and regulations that are given by
ICAO(international civil aviation organisation).
• It comes under the ministry of civil aviation.

4. WHAT IS CNS?
 Communication in aviation refers to radio
communication between two or more aircrafts
or between aircraft and air traffic controller.
 Air navigation control deals with the movement
of aircraft from one place to other.
 Surveillance systems are used by air traffic
control to determine the position of the aircraft.

5. WHAT IS AN ATM?
 Air Traffic Management is a service provided by ground
based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the
ground and through controlled air space, and can provide
advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace.
 ATM monitors the location of aircraft in their assigned
airspace by radar and communicates with pilots by radio.
 It is a function of AAI for communication, navigation and
surveillance of an aircraft.
 These operations are carried out in the special workplace
called ATC Tower.

6. The tower jurisdiction can be
up to 10 NM.
The approach jurisdiction of
the tower will be up to 60NM.
the total area it can cover will
be around 200-250NM.

7. COMMUNICATION
It refers to radio communication between two or more
aircrafts, or the exchange of data or verbal information
between aircraft and air traffic management.
For continental airspace, VHF (civil) and UHF (military)
systems are used whereas for oceanic areas high
frequency systems and SATCOMs are used.
VHF band is used for communication

8. VHF BAND(generating and synsthesing)
• Very High Frequency (VHF) is the ITU
Designation for the range of radio frequency
electromagnetic waves (Radio waves) from
30 to 300MHz.
• They are generated using oscillators. The
most widely used oscillator is crystal
oscillator.
• Synthesing can be done using phase locked
loop detector.

9. TRANSMITTERS AND
RECEIVERS
 the Transmitters and receivers
that are being used by AAI are
PYE, ECIL, OTE, and PAE etc.,
 The transmitter that is being
used in Hyderabad airport is
DT100 and DR100 from OTE.
 They can be operated in various
modes. But aviation is still using
the very reliable AM-DSB mode.
 Some of the units in the
transmitter and receiver are psu,
control panel, o&m port, imc
chord.

10. NAVIGATION
• It refers to a process of planning, controlling and recording
the movement of an aircraft by providing accurate,
reliable and seamless position determination capability.
• Some of the navigations are Satellite, Radio, visual,
astronomical etc.,
• Navigational aids are again of three types namely short
range, medium range , long range.
– Short range - VORs, DME, ILS etc.,
– Medium range - NDB
– Long range - long range aid for navigation(LORAN) but not
being used currently.

11. NON DIRECTIONAL
BEACON(NDB)
• NDB compass gives the bearing
information with respect to the
aircraft’s nose i.e. gives the
relative bearing information with
the maximum bearing error of ±5º
• It gives the direction but not the
position of the aircraft.
• Useful when flying over ocean
areas.
• They are installed at places
enroute and at airport
• Types of NDBs are En route NDBs,
Approach NDBs,Localizer beacons,
Locator beacons.

12. VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL RANGE
(VOR)
• VOR gives the magnetic bearing of the
aircraft with respect to magnetic north
with the maximum bearing error of ±1º.
• There are two types of VOR namely
CVOR and DVOR.
• DVOR is the ground navigational system
which acts on the basic doppler shift
principle.
• There are 48 sideband antennas and one
carrier antenna which helps in
transmitting the required AM, FM and
SPACE modulated wave along with the
station frequency, ident code and any
voice message.

13. INSTRUMENTAL LANDING
SYSTEM(ILS)
 Provides the aircraft position and other related information to ATM and
other airborne users.
 ILS have two components namely LOCALIZER and GLIDE PATH.
 The signal transmission for localizer is done using the 24 log periodic
antennas.
 The signal transmission for the glide path is done using the m-array
antennas.
 Localizer gives the azimuthal approach, glide path gives the elevation
approach, marker beacons gives the distance from threshold, range from
touchdown is given by DME.
 PAPI(Precision approach path indicator) is a visual landing aid.

14. DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT
(DME)
• Where the provision of Marker Beacons is impracticable, a DME can be
installed co-located with the Glide Path facility.
• DMEs are used alongside with both VOR and ILS.
• VOR requires high power DME whereas ILS requires less power DME.
• DME gives the slant distance between the aircraft and the ground
system.

15. SURVEILLANCE
AIR-BORNE RECEIVERS
• RADAR is the prominent air- borne
receiver and surveillance aid in the
aviation.
• Secondary RADARs are used in
aviation.
• Secondary RADAR has two way
communiation(duplexer) to improve
the aviation efficiency.
• When two planes comes within the
collision radius there is an emergency
alarm which also runs with the help of
RADAR.
• The mayday frequency is 136.4 MHz.

16. FUTURE PROJECTS OF AAI
• GAGAN is a GPS AIDED GEO. Augmented
navigation.
• It is a project under the collaboration of ISRO
and AAI.
• ISRO is implementing the INRSS for military
applications while GAGAN is for the civil
aviation.
• The basic idea is to set up the standard
position services(sps) under the surveillance
of a network of ground stations placed
strategically across the country to collect GPS
satellite data.
• There will be a master control centre which is
generally like head quarters, which generates
the messages to correct any signal errors.

17. conclusion
Very resourceful.
A perfect epitome of an industrial training.
Had a very good and practical insight of almost all half
of the curriculum of our bachelor’s degree. i.e.
Communication.
Not only had learnt about the existing systems but also
enlightened by an insight of fruitful ongoing projects
like GAGAN.

19. BY
CHANDRIKA JALLIPALLI
2210416124