Aloha RubyConf 2012 - JRuby

Me

• Charles Oliver Nutter
• @headius
• Java developer since 1996
• JRuby developer since 2006
• Red Hat / JBoss polyglot group

Ruby on JVM
• Core classes and runtime in Java
• Moving parts to Ruby over time
• Standard command line
• 1.8 and 1.9 compatible
• 1.9 default in JRuby 1.7
• Drop in replacement for MRI*

*caveats

• Weak but improving low-level UNIX stuff
• No C extension support
• Not maintained...off by default in 1.7
• Some features differ or unavailable
• ObjectSpace, trace funcs, callcc, fork...

JRuby 1.7

• Ruby 1.9.3 mode by default
• Many 1.9 compat ﬁxes
• Numerous perf improvements
• Java 7 invokedynamic support
• Beginning of new optimizing compiler

Getting Started

• Need a JVM...
• rvm install jruby
• rvm install jruby-1.7.0-RC1
• Download manually
• Unpack, edit PATH, done

def fractal_flipflop
w, h = 44, 54
c = 7 + 42 * w
a = [0] * w * h
g = d = 0
f = proc do |n|
a[c] += 1
o = a.map {|z| " :#"[z, 1] * 2 }.join.scan(/.{#{w * 2}}/)
puts "f" + o.map {|l| l.rstrip }.join("n")
d += 1 - 2 * ((g ^= 1 << n) >> n)
c += [1, w, -1, -w][d %= 4]
end
1024.times do
!!(!!(!!(!!(!!(!!(!!(!!(!!(true...
f[0])...f[1])...f[2])...
f[3])...f[4])...f[5])...
f[6])...f[7])...f[8])
end
end

JRuby is the best*
Ruby runtime

JRuby Team

Charlie Tom

Nick Hiro Marcin Nahi Wayne Subbu Douglas Douglas
Douglas
Contribs

JRuby Team

Charlie Tom

Nick Hiro Marcin Nahi Wayne Subbu Douglas Douglas
Douglas
Contribs

Douglas
Douglas Douglas
Douglas Douglas
Douglas Douglas
Other
Douglas
OpenJDK Android J9
JVMs

JRuby Structure
JRuby
Bytecode Core Java
Parser
JIT Classes Integ

JVM
Native
Threads GC C API
JIT

JRuby Structure
JRuby
Bytecode Core Java
Parser
JIT Classes Integ

JRuby team can focus on implementing JRuby.

JRuby Team Doesn’t
Have to Work On*
• Memory allocation • Native JIT

• Garbage collectors • Tooling

• Native threading • Server environments

• Cross-platform • Native extensions

• Mobile/Embedded VMs

We could stop working
on JRuby and it would
continue to get faster.

Systems

• Best Ruby on Windows?
• Exotic platforms: zLinux, OpenVMS, AS/400
• Android’s Dalvik
• Embedded JVMs

actionmailer-javamail, active_documentum, activerecord-jdbc-adapter, activerecord-jdbcdbf-adapter, activerecord-jdbcderby-adapter, activerecord-jdbch2-
adapter, activerecord-jdbchsqldb-adapter, activerecord-jdbcmssql-adapter, activerecord-jdbcmysql-adapter, activerecord-jdbcpostgresql-adapter, activerecord-
jdbcsqlite3-adapter, activerecord-netezza-adapter, activerecord-vertica-adapter, akephalos, akephalos-nerian, akephalos2, akka-actor-jars, akka-remote-jars,
akubra_llstore_migrate, Antwrap, async-http-client-jars, atomic, atoulme-Antwrap, autotest-java, bbrowning-deltacloud-client, bbrowning-deltacloud-core,
bcrypt-ruby, bee_java, berkeley-db-java-jars, bert, bio-maf, blockenspiel, boc, bond, bosdk, bouncy-castle-java, boxed-geminabox, brute-fuzzy, bryanl-gherkin,
bson, buby, buildr, buildr-resolver, buildrizpack, butternut, capistrano-java, capybara-java_script_lint, carrierwave-neo4j, carrierwave_imagevoodoo, cassandra-
jars, chrest, cloby, commons-io-jars, concurrently, contextual, coupler, cucumber-java, cucumber-jvm, cuke4duke, cuuid, dm-ldap-adapter, dm-lucene-adapter,
do-jdbc_sqlserver, do_derby, do_h2, do_hsqldb, do_jdbc, do_mysql, do_openedge, do_oracle, do_postgres, do_sqlite3, do_sqlserver, doubleshot, dripdrop,
dubious, duby, engineyard-visualvm, epall-limelight, errbit_zmq_handler, eurydice, euston, euston-daemons, euston-eventstore, euston-projections, euston-
rabbitmq, euston-websites, eventmachine, excemel, faye-websocket, ffi, fig, file-find, fishwife, foreman, forkit, forkjoin, gamelan, gemshit, geoip-jars, get_back,
gherkin, glassfish, gravitext-util, gravitext-xmlprod, grizzly, guava-jars, hadoop-find, hashdot-test-daemon, hiredis, hitimes, hope, hostor, hot_bunnies, hourglass,
hpricot, http_parser.rb, inline_javascript, iudex, iudex-async-httpclient, iudex-barc, iudex-brutefuzzy-protobuf, iudex-brutefuzzy-service, iudex-char-detector,
iudex-core, iudex-da, iudex-filter, iudex-html, iudex-http, iudex-http-test, iudex-httpclient-3, iudex-jetty-httpclient, iudex-rome, iudex-simhash, iudex-worker,
ivy-jars, iyyov, jactive_support, java-autotest, java-inline, java2ruby-xmldsig, java_bin, java_inline, java_override, java_properties, java_streamify,
java_testing_guff, javabean_xml, javaclass, javaeye4r, javagems, javajake, javaobj, javaobjs, javaobs, javaparse, javasand, javascript-securehash-rails, javascript-state-
machine-rails, javascript_auto_include, javascript_eraser, javascript_features, javascript_i18n, javascript_localize, javascript_safe_logger,
javascript_util_asset_pack, javascripto, javascripto-rails, jdbc-derby, jdbc-hsqldb, jdbc-jtds, jdbc-openedge, jdbc-openedge-internal, jdbc-postgres, jdbc-sqlite3,
jedis-jars, jena-jruby, jessica, jettr, jetty, jetty-jsp, jgeoip, jms4r, jpdfer, jrack_handlers, jrtm, jruby-activemq, jruby-akka_jars, jruby-elasticsearch_jars, jruby-
httpclient, jruby-launcher, jruby-management, jruby-metrics, jruby-pageant, jruby-vijava, jruby_gc_stats, jruby_sandbox, jruby_threach, jrubyconf-button,
jsmetric4java, json, json-jruby, jsound, kb-activerecord-jdbc-adapter, kirk, kyotocabinet-java, ladle, latex-decode, launchy, libnotify, limelight, linecache, logback,
logback-jars, looksee, lumix, mack-javascript, markdownj, maven_irb_plugin, metrics-core-jars, metrics-java, mguymon-buildr, mikka, mini_aether, mirah,
mirah_model, miso-java, mixology, mm_mq, mongrel, msgpack-idl-java, msgpack-jruby, multimeter, naether, nanoc-javascript-concatenator, neo4j, neo4j-admin,
neo4j-advanced, neo4j-community, neo4j-core, neo4j-enterprise, neo4j-spatial, neo4j-will_paginate, neo4j-wrapper, netty-jars, ning-compress-jars, nio4r,
nokogiri, nokogiri-fitzsimmons, nokogiri-maven, nosqoop4u, ontomde-demo-java5, ontomde-java, ontomde-java-frontend, ontomde-uml2-java, ontomde-uml2-
kbjava, open_nlp, pacer, pacer-dex, pacer-neo4j, pacer-orient, pelops-jars, persvr, pg_array_parser, protobuf-jars, pry, puma, qtjruby-core,
qwirk_active_mq_adapter, qwirk_jms_adapter, rabbitmqadmin-cli, ragweed, rails_javascript_helpers, rakejava, rave, rcov, realityforge-jekyll, realityforge-
jekylltask, redcar-bundles, redcar-clojure, redcar-filter-through-command, redcar-groovy, redcar-icons, redcar-javamateview, redcar-javascript, redcar-mirah,
redcar-svnkit, redcar-xulrunner-win, RedCloth, refinerycms-javascripts, reigns, revo-nokogiri, rika, rjack-async-httpclient, rjack-commons-codec, rjack-
commons-dbcp, rjack-commons-dbutils, rjack-commons-pool, rjack-httpclient-3, rjack-httpclient-4, rjack-icu, rjack-jackson, rjack-jdom, rjack-jets3t, rjack-jetty,
rjack-jetty-jsp, rjack-jms, rjack-jms-spec, rjack-logback, rjack-lucene, rjack-maven, rjack-mina, rjack-nekohtml, rjack-protobuf, rjack-qpid-client, rjack-rome,
rjack-slf4j, rjack-solr, rjack-tarpit, rjack-xerces, rmagick4j, rmodbus, rtm-javatmapi, rtm-majortom, rtm-ontopia, rtm-tinytim, rtm-tmql, rubeus, rubinius-core-
api, ruby-blockcache, ruby-debug-base, ruby-maven, ruby2java, rubydoop, rubyjedi-nokogiri_java, scala-inline, scala-library-jars, scriptty, slf4j, slf4j-jars, slyphon-
zookeeper, slyphon-zookeeper_jar, smackr, smartimage, SNMP4JR, solr_sail, spiegela-jruby-httpclient, sproutcore, spymemcached, sqldroid, steamcannon-
deltacloud-client, steamcannon-deltacloud-core, stilts-stomp-client, supermarket, svm_toolkit, swt, theduke, thick, to-javascript, torquebox-base, torquebox-
cache, torquebox-configure, torquebox-container-foundation, torquebox-core, torquebox-messaging, torquebox-messaging-container, torquebox-naming,
torquebox-naming-container, torquebox-security, torquebox-server, torquebox-vfs, torquebox-web, twitter4j4r, UDJrb, unageanu-javaclass, unimidi, universe-
javascript, url_escape, weakling, webbit-jars, wildnet-jackson, wildnet-netty, wildnet-server, wildsonet-hazelcast, wildsonet-netty, wildsonet-server, wildsonet-
streamer, wrest, wrong, xdojava, xqruby, zookeeper

actionmailer-javamail, active_documentum, activerecord-jdbc-adapter, activerecord-jdbcdbf-adapter, activerecord-jdbcderby-adapter, activerecord-jdbch2-
adapter, activerecord-jdbchsqldb-adapter, activerecord-jdbcmssql-adapter, activerecord-jdbcmysql-adapter, activerecord-jdbcpostgresql-adapter, activerecord-
jdbcsqlite3-adapter, activerecord-netezza-adapter, activerecord-vertica-adapter, akephalos, akephalos-nerian, akephalos2, akka-actor-jars, akka-remote-jars,
akubra_llstore_migrate, Antwrap, async-http-client-jars, atomic, atoulme-Antwrap, autotest-java, bbrowning-deltacloud-client, bbrowning-deltacloud-core,
bcrypt-ruby, bee_java, berkeley-db-java-jars, bert, bio-maf, blockenspiel, boc, bond, bosdk, bouncy-castle-java, boxed-geminabox, brute-fuzzy, bryanl-gherkin,
bson, buby, buildr, buildr-resolver, buildrizpack, butternut, capistrano-java, capybara-java_script_lint, carrierwave-neo4j, carrierwave_imagevoodoo, cassandra-
jars, chrest, cloby, commons-io-jars, concurrently, contextual, coupler, cucumber-java, cucumber-jvm, cuke4duke, cuuid, dm-ldap-adapter, dm-lucene-adapter,
do-jdbc_sqlserver, do_derby, do_h2, do_hsqldb, do_jdbc, do_mysql, do_openedge, do_oracle, do_postgres, do_sqlite3, do_sqlserver, doubleshot, dripdrop,
dubious, duby, engineyard-visualvm, epall-limelight, errbit_zmq_handler, eurydice, euston, euston-daemons, euston-eventstore, euston-projections, euston-
rabbitmq, euston-websites, eventmachine, excemel, faye-websocket, ffi, fig, file-find, fishwife, foreman, forkit, forkjoin, gamelan, gemshit, geoip-jars, get_back,
gherkin, glassfish, gravitext-util, gravitext-xmlprod, grizzly, guava-jars, hadoop-find, hashdot-test-daemon, hiredis, hitimes, hope, hostor, hot_bunnies, hourglass,
hpricot, http_parser.rb, inline_javascript, iudex, iudex-async-httpclient, iudex-barc, iudex-brutefuzzy-protobuf, iudex-brutefuzzy-service, iudex-char-detector,
iudex-core, iudex-da, iudex-filter, iudex-html, iudex-http, iudex-http-test, iudex-httpclient-3, iudex-jetty-httpclient, iudex-rome, iudex-simhash, iudex-worker,
ivy-jars, iyyov, jactive_support, java-autotest, java-inline, java2ruby-xmldsig, java_bin, java_inline, java_override, java_properties, java_streamify,
java_testing_guff, javabean_xml, javaclass, javaeye4r, javagems, javajake, javaobj, javaobjs, javaobs, javaparse, javasand, javascript-securehash-rails, javascript-state-
machine-rails, javascript_auto_include, javascript_eraser, javascript_features, javascript_i18n, javascript_localize, javascript_safe_logger,
javascript_util_asset_pack, javascripto, javascripto-rails, jdbc-derby, jdbc-hsqldb, jdbc-jtds, jdbc-openedge, jdbc-openedge-internal, jdbc-postgres, jdbc-sqlite3,
jedis-jars, jena-jruby, jessica, jettr, jetty, jetty-jsp, jgeoip, jms4r, jpdfer, jrack_handlers, jrtm, jruby-activemq, jruby-akka_jars, jruby-elasticsearch_jars, jruby-

No build tools, no native exts required!
httpclient, jruby-launcher, jruby-management, jruby-metrics, jruby-pageant, jruby-vijava, jruby_gc_stats, jruby_sandbox, jruby_threach, jrubyconf-button,
jsmetric4java, json, json-jruby, jsound, kb-activerecord-jdbc-adapter, kirk, kyotocabinet-java, ladle, latex-decode, launchy, libnotify, limelight, linecache, logback,
logback-jars, looksee, lumix, mack-javascript, markdownj, maven_irb_plugin, metrics-core-jars, metrics-java, mguymon-buildr, mikka, mini_aether, mirah,
mirah_model, miso-java, mixology, mm_mq, mongrel, msgpack-idl-java, msgpack-jruby, multimeter, naether, nanoc-javascript-concatenator, neo4j, neo4j-admin,
neo4j-advanced, neo4j-community, neo4j-core, neo4j-enterprise, neo4j-spatial, neo4j-will_paginate, neo4j-wrapper, netty-jars, ning-compress-jars, nio4r,
nokogiri, nokogiri-fitzsimmons, nokogiri-maven, nosqoop4u, ontomde-demo-java5, ontomde-java, ontomde-java-frontend, ontomde-uml2-java, ontomde-uml2-
kbjava, open_nlp, pacer, pacer-dex, pacer-neo4j, pacer-orient, pelops-jars, persvr, pg_array_parser, protobuf-jars, pry, puma, qtjruby-core,
qwirk_active_mq_adapter, qwirk_jms_adapter, rabbitmqadmin-cli, ragweed, rails_javascript_helpers, rakejava, rave, rcov, realityforge-jekyll, realityforge-
jekylltask, redcar-bundles, redcar-clojure, redcar-filter-through-command, redcar-groovy, redcar-icons, redcar-javamateview, redcar-javascript, redcar-mirah,
redcar-svnkit, redcar-xulrunner-win, RedCloth, refinerycms-javascripts, reigns, revo-nokogiri, rika, rjack-async-httpclient, rjack-commons-codec, rjack-
commons-dbcp, rjack-commons-dbutils, rjack-commons-pool, rjack-httpclient-3, rjack-httpclient-4, rjack-icu, rjack-jackson, rjack-jdom, rjack-jets3t, rjack-jetty,
rjack-jetty-jsp, rjack-jms, rjack-jms-spec, rjack-logback, rjack-lucene, rjack-maven, rjack-mina, rjack-nekohtml, rjack-protobuf, rjack-qpid-client, rjack-rome,
rjack-slf4j, rjack-solr, rjack-tarpit, rjack-xerces, rmagick4j, rmodbus, rtm-javatmapi, rtm-majortom, rtm-ontopia, rtm-tinytim, rtm-tmql, rubeus, rubinius-core-
api, ruby-blockcache, ruby-debug-base, ruby-maven, ruby2java, rubydoop, rubyjedi-nokogiri_java, scala-inline, scala-library-jars, scriptty, slf4j, slf4j-jars, slyphon-
zookeeper, slyphon-zookeeper_jar, smackr, smartimage, SNMP4JR, solr_sail, spiegela-jruby-httpclient, sproutcore, spymemcached, sqldroid, steamcannon-
deltacloud-client, steamcannon-deltacloud-core, stilts-stomp-client, supermarket, svm_toolkit, swt, theduke, thick, to-javascript, torquebox-base, torquebox-
cache, torquebox-configure, torquebox-container-foundation, torquebox-core, torquebox-messaging, torquebox-messaging-container, torquebox-naming,
torquebox-naming-container, torquebox-security, torquebox-server, torquebox-vfs, torquebox-web, twitter4j4r, UDJrb, unageanu-javaclass, unimidi, universe-
javascript, url_escape, weakling, webbit-jars, wildnet-jackson, wildnet-netty, wildnet-server, wildsonet-hazelcast, wildsonet-netty, wildsonet-server, wildsonet-
streamer, wrest, wrong, xdojava, xqruby, zookeeper

Servers

• Any Java server can host Ruby
• Trinidad
• Ruby-style CLI server atop Tomcat
• Torquebox
• Full Ruby stack atop JBossAS

Ruby App
Sinatra Rails
Rack
Passenger/Thin

Apache/Nginx

Ruby App
Sinatra Rails
Rack
Tasks Passenger/Thin
Resque/
DelayedJob Apache/Nginx

Ruby App
Sinatra Rails
Rack
Tasks Passenger/Thin Jobs
Resque/
DelayedJob Apache/Nginx crond

Ruby App
Sinatra Rails
Rack
Tasks Passenger/Thin Jobs
Resque/
DelayedJob Apache/Nginx crond

Daemons

god/monit

TorqueBox AS
Sinatra Rails
Rack Tasks Procs Jobs Daemons
Web Messaging Scheduling Services

JBoss AS
Clustering Load Balancing HA

Torquebox
• Rack-compatible • Server management

• Database connectivity • Clustering

• Background daemons • In and out-process cache

• Scheduled jobs • Web sockets

• Messaging • Authentication

• Asynchronous tasks • XA Transactions

Torquebox
• Rack-compatible • Server management

• Database connectivity • Clustering

• All R
Background daemons • In and out-process cache

• Scheduled jobs
uby • Web sockets

• Messaging
APIs
• Authentication

• Asynchronous tasks • ! XA Transactions

Ruby-friendly Conﬁg
TorqueBox.configure do
  ruby do ruby:
    version "1.9"   version: 1.9
    compile_mode "off"   compile_mode: off
    debug false   debug: false
    interactive true   interactive: true
    profile_api true   profile_api: true
  end
end

Messaging
application:
TorqueBox.configure do   ..
  ... queues:
  queue '/queues/my_app_queue'   /queues/my_app_queue:
  topic '/queues/my_app_topic'
end topics:
  /queues/my_app_topic:

Messaging
queue = fetch('/queues/foo')
queue.publish "A text message"

topic = fetch('/topics/foo')
topic.publish "A text message"

queue = TorqueBox::Messaging::Queue.new('/queues/foo')
message = queue.receive

topic = TorqueBox::Messaging::Topic.new('/topics/foo')
message = topic.receive

Libraries

• 340k versioned jars in Maven central
• Compare to 35k gems in RubyGems.org
• Vast majority have no native code
• All usable from JRuby

JavaFX

• Scene graph + optimized graphics
• Normal Java library now
• R.I.P. JavaFX Script
• jrubyfx, other projects to wrap it

@minute_hand = Path.new.tap do |mh|
      mh.fill = Color::BLACK
      mh.elements << MoveTo.new(4, -4)
      mh.elements << ArcTo.new(-1, -1, 0, -4, -4, false, false)
      mh.elements << LineTo.new(0, -radius)
      mh.transforms << Rotate.new
    end

    @hour_hand = Path.new.tap do |hh|
      hh.fill = Color::BLACK
      hh.elements << MoveTo.new(4, -4)
      hh.elements << ArcTo.new(-1, -1, 0, -4, -4, false, false)
      hh.elements << LineTo.new(0, -radius/4*3)
      hh.transforms << Rotate.new
    end

Purugin

• Minecraft scripting in JRuby
• Clean and simple DSL
• Purogo: LOGO for Minecraft

turtle("four-sided triangle") do |*args|
  dim = (args[0] || 5).to_i
  block_type = (args[1] || :stone).to_sym

  layer do
    4.times do |i|
      forward dim
      turnleft 90
    end
  end

  pivot do
    block :none
    forward 1
    turnleft 90
    forward 1
    turnup 90
    forward 1
    turndown 90
    turnright 90
    block block_type
  end

  block block_type
  (1...dim).step(2).to_a.reverse.each do |i|
    dim = i
    layer
    pivot
  end
end

Threepence

• Ruby APIs atop Ardor3D library
• Various games atop Ardor3D
• All-in-one clone from Github
• Linux, OS X, Windows, Solaris provided

require 'example_base'

class Box < ExampleBase
  def initialize
    super("Box Example")
  end

  def init_application
    root.layout do
      cull_state :back
      skybox(:sky, 500, 500, 500, 'images/skybox/blue')
      node(:spinning) do
behavior :rotating, Vector3(1, 1, 0.5), 50

box(:left_box, 1, 1, 1) do
behavior :rotating, Vector3(0.5, 1, 1), 50
at 0, 0, -3
texture "images/ardor3d_white_256.jpg"
end.duplicate_as(:right_box) do
at 0, 0, 3
" end
      end
    end
  end
end

Box.start

GC Matters

• Applications grow over time
• Ruby is very object-heavy
• Multicore MRI multiplies the problem
• You will eventually have issues

JVM GC

• Wide array of options
• Many GCs to choose from
• Scales up to massive heaps
• Best GCs in the world!

OpenJDK GCs

• Parallel: multi-core stop-the-world
• Concurrent: STW young, concurrent old
• G1: concurrent young and old
• Serial: single-thread STW

gc_demo1.rb

• Heavy GC, mix of old and young
• Steadily growing heap use

class Simple
  attr_accessor :next
end

top = Simple.new

puts Benchmark.measure {
  outer = 10
  total = 100000
  per = 100

  outer.times do
    total.times do
      per.times { Simple.new }
      s = Simple.new
      top.next = s
      top = s
    end
  end
}

Ruby 1.9.3 JRuby
8000

6000

4000

2000

0
GC count

Ruby 1.9.3 JRuby
10000

1000

100

10

1
GC count

15
Ruby 1.9.3 JRuby

11.25

7.5

3.75

0
GC time %

Ruby 2.0.0 JRuby
Time per GC versus heap usage
300ms

225ms

150ms

75ms

0ms
188KB/29MB 27MB/127MB 199MB/238MB
Heap usage (MRI/JRuby)

gc_demo2.rb

• Frequent GC, all young objects
• Steadily growing heap use

10.times do
  old_ary = []
  10000.times do
    old_ary << 'foo'
    new_ary = []
    100000.times do
      new_ary << 'bar'
    end
  end
  puts "looped"
end

Ruby 1.9.3 JRuby

5000

3750

2500

1250

0
GC time (ms)

JRuby (Concurrent) Ruby 2.0.0
World-stopping GC pause times
0.3s

0.225s
Pause time

0.15s

0.075s

0s
0 5 10 15 20
Seconds since start

0.3s

im es
0.225s
useT
Pa
Pause time

0.15s

0.075s

0s
0 5 10 15 20
Seconds since start

0.3s

im es
0.225s
useT
Pa
Pause time

0.15s
Use
r Ha
ppi
0.075s nes
s :-
(
0s
0 5 10 15 20
Seconds since start

Findings

• Lower, more uniform individual GC time
• Lower overall GC time
• Lower application pause times
• More predictable, consistent apps

Real Parallellism

• Ruby thread = JVM thread = native thread
• One process can use all cores
• One server can handle all requests

require 'benchmark'

ary = (1..1000000).to_a

loop {
    10.times {
      ary.each {|i|}
    }
  }
}

require 'benchmark'

ary = (1..1000000).to_a

loop {
    (1..10).map {
      Thread.new {
        ary.each {|i|}
      }
    }.map(&:join)
  }
}

Ruby 1.9 Ruby 1.9
unthreaded threaded

Ruby 1.9 Ruby 1.9
unthreaded threaded

JRuby
unthreaded

Ruby 1.9 Ruby 1.9
unthreaded threaded

JRuby JRuby
unthreaded threaded

threaded_reverse
Per-iteration time versus thread count
0.8s

0.65s

0.5s

0.35s

0.2s
one thread two threads three threads four threads

Nonlinear?

• More work means more objects
• More objects needs memory bandwidth
• No different from multi-process

Profiling

• Java profilers
• VisualVM,YourKit, NetBeans, JXInsight
• jruby [--profile | --profile.graph]
• jruby -Xreify.classes=true
• JVM command-line profilers

Monitoring

• Java Management Extensions (JMX)
• Gems available for clients and servers
• jconsole and VisualVM
• Most servers provide additional tools
• New Relic, etc have JVM support

VisualVM

• CPU, memory, thread monitoring
• CPU and memory proﬁling
• VisualGC
• Heap analysis

Performance

• JRuby compiles Ruby to JVM bytecode
• JVM compiles bytecode to native
• Best JIT technology in the world
• Getting even better with invokedynamic

def foo
bar
end

def bar
baz foo bar baz
end

def baz
# ...
end

JRuby on Java 5/6
def foo
bar
end

def bar JRuby JRuby
baz foo call bar call baz
end logic logic
def baz
# ...
end
Kills many JVM optimizations

JRuby on Java 7
def foo
bar

X X
end

def bar JRuby JRuby
baz foo call bar call baz
end logic logic
def baz
# ...
end
Dynamic call logic built into JVM

JRuby on Java 7
def foo
bar
end

def bar
baz foo bar baz
end

def baz
# ...
end
Straight through dispatch path

JRuby on Java 7
def foo
bar
end

def bar
baz foo bar baz
end

def baz
# ...
end
Optimizations (like inlining) can happen!

def foo; 1; end
def invoker; foo; end
i = 0
while i < 10000
  invoker
  i+=1
end
  0x00000001060a1be0: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp)
  0x00000001060a1be7: push %rbp
  0x00000001060a1be8: sub $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1bec: mov 0x8(%rcx),%r10d
  0x00000001060a1bf0: cmp $0xfb7aedc9,%r10d
  0x00000001060a1bf7: jne 0x00000001060a1c39
  0x00000001060a1bf9: mov %rcx,%r10
  0x00000001060a1bfc: mov 0x10(%r10),%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c00: cmp $0xfed77602,%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c06: jne 0x00000001060a1c1e
  0x00000001060a1c08: movabs $0x7f6bf4bb0,%rax
  0x00000001060a1c12: add $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1c16: pop %rbp
  0x00000001060a1c17: test %eax,-0xec3c1d(%rip)
  0x00000001060a1c1d: retq

def invoker; 1; end
i = 0
while i < 10000
  invoker
  i+=1
end
  0x00000001060a1be0: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp)
  0x00000001060a1be7: push %rbp
  0x00000001060a1be8: sub $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1bec: mov 0x8(%rcx),%r10d
  0x00000001060a1bf7: jne 0x00000001060a1c39
  0x00000001060a1bf9: mov %rcx,%r10
  0x00000001060a1bfc: mov 0x10(%r10),%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c00: cmp $0xfed77602,%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c06: jne 0x00000001060a1c1e
  0x00000001060a1c12: add $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1c16: pop %rbp
  0x00000001060a1c1d: retq

i = 0
while i < 10000
  1
  i+=1
end
  0x00000001060a1be0: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp)
  0x00000001060a1be7: push %rbp
  0x00000001060a1be8: sub $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1bec: mov 0x8(%rcx),%r10d
  0x00000001060a1bf7: jne 0x00000001060a1c39
  0x00000001060a1bf9: mov %rcx,%r10
  0x00000001060a1bfc: mov 0x10(%r10),%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c00: cmp $0xfed77602,%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c06: jne 0x00000001060a1c1e
  0x00000001060a1c12: add $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1c16: pop %rbp
  0x00000001060a1c1d: retq

i = 0
while i < 10000

  i+=1
end
  0x00000001060a1be0: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp)
  0x00000001060a1be7: push %rbp
  0x00000001060a1be8: sub $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1bec: mov 0x8(%rcx),%r10d
  0x00000001060a1bf7: jne 0x00000001060a1c39
  0x00000001060a1bf9: mov %rcx,%r10
  0x00000001060a1bfc: mov 0x10(%r10),%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c00: cmp $0xfed77602,%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c06: jne 0x00000001060a1c1e
  0x00000001060a1c12: add $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1c16: pop %rbp
  0x00000001060a1c1d: retq

0x00000001060a1be0: mov %eax,-0x14000(%rsp)
  0x00000001060a1be7: push %rbp
  0x00000001060a1be8: sub $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1bec: mov 0x8(%rcx),%r10d
  0x00000001060a1bf7: jne 0x00000001060a1c39
  0x00000001060a1bf9: mov %rcx,%r10
  0x00000001060a1bfc: mov 0x10(%r10),%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c00: cmp $0xfed77602,%ebp
  0x00000001060a1c06: jne 0x00000001060a1c1e
  0x00000001060a1c12: add $0x30,%rsp
  0x00000001060a1c16: pop %rbp
  0x00000001060a1c1d: retq

JRuby/Java 6 JRuby/Java 7
Times Faster than Ruby 1.9.3
5

3.75

2.5

1.25

0
base64 richards neural mandelbrot redblack

5

3.75

2.5

1.914 1.806
1.538 1.565
1.25 1.346

0

5

4.226 4.32
3.75
3.66
3.44

2.5 2.658

1.914 1.806
1.538 1.565
1.25 1.346

0

smooth_sort
# Original Author: Keith Schwarz (htiek@cs.stanford.edu)
#
# Translated to Ruby by Chuck Remes (chuckremes on github)
#
# An implementation of Dijkstra's Smoothsort algorithm, a modiﬁcation of
# heapsort that runs in O(n lg n) in the worst case, but O(n) if the data
# are already sorted. For more information about how this algorithm works
# and some of the details necessary for its proper operation, please see
#
# http://www.keithschwarz.com/smoothsort/

Ruby 1.9.3 JRuby Rubinius MacRuby Ruby 1.8.7

100000

75000

50000
90593

57215
25000

18376
11439
4750
0
Iterations per second

Your Turn

• Try your apps on JRuby and tell us
• Turn on JRuby in @travisci
• Let us know what you think of JRuby
• Help us make JRuby even better!

Thank you!

• @headius
• jruby.org
• torquebox.org

Aloha RubyConf 2012 - JRuby

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