This document outlines an educational session about hygiene and sanitation awareness. The session agenda covers topics such as common waterborne diseases, sources of water contamination, effects of contaminated water, and approaches to protecting water sources, distribution systems, and household treatment. The target audience is youth aged 18-30 who have limited knowledge about drinking water quality and health effects. The session promotes a multiple barrier approach to prevent water contamination through protecting sources, distribution channels, and encouraging treatment by end users.

1. HEALTH
EDUCATION
SESSION
Chol A. Ariik

2. AGENDA
▪ Introduction
▪ What is sanitation
▪ Common waterborne diseases
▪ Sources of contamination
▪ Effect of contaminated water
▪ Multiple barriers approach
▪ Protection of water sources
▪ Protection of water distribution systems
▪ Treatment of water at household level
▪ Key takeaways
▪ References

3. INTRODUCTION
▪ This session is about hygiene and sanitation
awareness
▪ The target audiences are youth aged 18-30 years
▪ Majority of the youth have limited knowledge
about quality of drinking water
▪ The possible health effects of consuming
contaminated water remain unknown to them

4. WHAT IS SANITATION
▪ Refers to the provision of facilities, services, and
conditions to protect public health.
▪ Having access to facilities for safe disposal of
wastes including human wastes

5. COMMON
WATERBORNE
DISEASES
▪ Cholera
▪ Typhoid fever
▪ Diarrheal diseases e.g. rotavirus among infants
▪ Hepatitis A

6. SOURCES OF
CONTAMINATION
▪ Improper wastes disposal
▪ Lack of water treatment or facilities
▪ Natural disasters e.g. flood
▪ Poor sanitation e.g. open defecation
▪ Lack of protection for water sources

7. EFFECTS OF
CONTAMINATED WATER
• Gastrointestinal ailments
• Nausea
• Skin problems
• Birth defects
• Stomach ache
• Diarrhea
• Dehydration (BEdwards, 2016)

8. MULTIPLE BARRIER
APPROACH
▪ This is a holistic approach that focus on all
aspects of water supply system.
▪ It promote protection of water sources
▪ It promote the protection of distribution
channels e.g. pipes
▪ It also encourage the treatment of water by the
end users

9. PROTECTION OF
WATER SOURCES
▪ Fencing of water sources
▪ Proper disposal of wastes
▪ Provision of toilet or pit latrine to every
household
▪ Avoid locating pit latrine in close proximity
with water sources e.g. tap stands or boreholes
▪ Promote watershed management e.g.
responsible farming

10. PROTECTION OF
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEMS
▪ Regular maintenance and repair
▪ Controlling access to distribution systems
▪ Protecting against natural disasters e.g. flood
▪ Regular testing and monitoring

11. TREATMENT OF WATER
AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
▪ Boiling
▪ Chlorination
▪ Filtration
▪ Constant hand wash practice
(Regional water provider, n.d.)

12. KEY TAKEAWAYS
▪ Lack of sanitation can adversely affect the public
health
▪ It can lead to the contamination of water hence
reduced water quality
▪ Contamination of water can exacerbated the
infection of several waterborne diseases
▪ The best strategy for preventing water
contamination is Multiple Barrier Approach
(MBA)
▪ MBA aims at preventing contamination of water
on three categories namely; source, distribution,
and consumption.

13. REFERENCES
1. BEdwards. (2016, July 7). The Effects of
Drinking Contaminated Water and/or
Dirty Water [Photograph].
https://haguewaterofmd.com/.
https://haguewaterofmd.com/effects-
drinking-dirty-andor-contaminated-
water/
2. Regional water provider. (n.d.). Treating
Emergency Water [graphic].
https://www.regionalh2o.org/.
https://www.regionalh2o.org/emergency-
preparedness/treating-emergency-water

14. THANK YOU
Chol A. Ariik