The slides of the first Meetup of the Quantum Technology community in Paris ! Hosted on 10/16/2018 at WeWork Lafayette
Contribtutors
- Chris Erven CEO of KETS Quantum Security
- Michael Marthaler CEO of Heisenberg Quantum Simulations
- Wojciech Burkot CPO of Beit, on quantum optimization
- Christophe Jurczak CEO of Quantonation, on VC funding
3. Quantum Technology
Enterprise Centre
Overview of Programme themes
Quarter 1
Scientist to Entrepreneur, Technology
Roadmaps & Market Intelligence
Quarter 2
Understanding the Market: Technology-
Market Fit, Business Models & Value
Chain
Quarter 3 Raising Capital & Building the Business
Quarter 4 Launching the Business
Apply online via tinyurl.com/qtecfellow18
Each year, QTEC provides 10 Fellowship positions to the quantum community. This
provides exceptional individuals who have an idea for a quantum-based technology with
the necessary support and training to develop their design into a sustainable venture.
Fellows receive:
• Access to a world-leading network;
• MBA-level training;
• Free financial and in-kind support;
• Mentoring from in-house experts;
• £12,000 travel & consumables budget; and
• A competitive £28,000 salary.
QTEC’s mission is to develop the thought
leaders and entrepreneurs who will take
quantum technologies out of the lab and
into the real world.
A world-leading incubator for quantum-based technology innovators.
4. Software, Middleware, &
Consulting
Quantum computers, still being
programmed in ‘assembly’
language, don’t yet have a
‘quantum C’. These companies
will translate commercial
problems into instructions which
a quantum machine understands.
Benchmarking and fab services.
Computing
New computing paradigm
which is fundamentally
faster at certain tasks (e.g.
hidden subgroup problem –
Shor’s algorithm, Grover’s
search, machine learning,
linear equations).
Quantum Technologies
Simulation
Quantum simulation seems
possible without a full
quantum computer. Two
flavours – analogue (map
your problem to a similar
system) and digital (use
Sensing & Imaging
The widest QT field and one of the
nearest to market. Original
proposal was Quantum Metrology
– increased phase sensitivity with
light. Now a myriad of different
sensors making use of a wide
variety of physical effects.
Communications &
Cryptography
The other nearest to market
technology. Uses
fundamental laws of physics
Components
A growing sector producing
components which larger
quantum technologies are built
upon.
Applications:
Clocks – GPS & Gravity, Microbial Testing, Methane
Gas Leaks, Minute Magnetic Fields, Covert LIDAR
to ensure security. Two flavours – discrete variable
(DV) and continuous variable (CV). Need for a data
bus in a QC and connecting QC’s via a quantum
internet.
Applications:
Quantum Encryption, Communication, Quantum
Computing Bus Interface
standard discretization algorithm).
Key concern is bounding the errors in simulations –
i.e. making sure results are meaningful.
Applications:
Drug Discovery, Efficient Fertiliser, Fundamental
Physics Simulations, Ground State Energy
Calculations
Applications:
Quantum Computing, Quantum Simulation,
Optimisation
QuPIC
Applications:
Single Photon Sources and
Detectors, High-Quality Substrates,
Improvements in Control & Fab
QTIC
5. Integrated Photonics
Uses photonic integrated
circuits to generate, control,
and detect photonic quantum
states of light.
Ion Traps
Ions (charged particles) are
suspended in free-space,
using RF fields, to produce a
chain of qubits which are
manipulated optically.
Applications:
Quantum Encryption & Communication,
Metrology, Simulation, Quantum Computing
Superconducting
Uses superconducting circuits to
build qubits (phase, charge, or flux
qubits) that can then be addressed
with RF microwave controls.
QC Models
Gate – analogous to conventional
computing, operating on the
quantum information proceeds as
a set of gate operations (like the
classical ‘NAND’ gate).
Cluster State – create a
complicated entangled state, a
specific measurement sequence
then performs effective operations
on the quantum information.
Adiabatic – problems are mapped
onto a similar physical system,
then cooled to find the ground
state which contains the answer
(e.g. optimisation).
Pros:
• Low decoherence
(error) rates
• Photons natural for
communication
• 1 qubit gates easy
Cons:
• Filtering is hard
• 2 qubit gates are hard
• Detectors require
cryogenic temps
Artificial Atoms
Engineered structures that
behave like an atom/ion (e.g.
NV Centres, dopant atoms in
silicon, quantum dots).
QTEC
Vision – Create the quantum
entrepreneurs of the future who
will be the foundation, pillars, and
growth of the Quantum Industry.
Mission –
1) Develop entrepreneurs who will
take QT from lab -> real world
2) Build the eco-system to support
the incubation of early-stage
quantum technology start-ups
Mission – QTEC Fellows with clearly
articulated business propositions by
Q2.
Quantum Platforms
Applications:
Single Photon Sources, Quantum Communication,
Quantum Memories, Quantum Computing
Pros:
• Long coherence times
• High fidelity
• Engineered properties
• Can use “standard”
fabrication
Cons:
• Embedding in larger
circuits can be hard
• <100% collection
efficiency
• 2 qubit gates are hard
Pros:
• Largest number of
demonstrated qubits
• Uses “standard”
fabrication
techniques
Cons:
• Requires complex
cryogenic systems
• Shorter decoherence
times
• Cross-talk, scale-up, &
error correction hardApplications:
Optimisation, Simulation, Quantum Computing
Pros:
• Highest fidelity 2 qubit
gates
• Potential for
communication/bus
• Exquisite control
Cons:
• Scaling challenges
• Communication
between traps
(entangling 2 traps)
non-deterministic
Applications:
Communication, Memories, Quantum Computing
6.
7. QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION (QKD) PRIMER
www.kets-quantum.com
Quantum Attacks
Classical Attacks
Key Benefits:
Increased
Security
Future Proof
Eavesdropper
Detection
8. QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION
www.kets-quantum.com
ALICE RANDOM BITS 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
ALICE RANDOM BASIS
PHOTON POLARISATION
BOBS RANDOM BASIS
MEASURE
BOBS MEASURED
PUBLIC BASIS DISCUSSION YES YES YES YES
SHARED KEY 0 1 0 1
19. www.kets-quantum.com
WHY ARE WE DIFFERENT?
KETS is the only company with a complete integrated on-chip quantum encryption solution to secure the
information technology of the 21st century and beyond.
30. Cheap:
High-throughput simulations
Access to the unaccessible:
Qualitative analysis
Why simulate when you can make tests instead?
Reactions: Emission: Diffusion:
Michael Marthaler10
31. From problem to the quantum computer
Definition
Michael Marthaler11
34. Dr. Michael Marthaler
CEO
Iris Schwenk, M.Sc.
Operations & IP &
Softwaredevelopment
Michael Marthaler14
Jan Reiner, M.Sc.
Lead QuantumAdvantage
Dr. Sebastian Zanker
Technical Buisness Development
Heisenberg Quantum Simulations
37. Problem statement
● Hamiltonian Circuit problem for 3CCP (three connected, cubic planar) graphs
● NP complete (beautiful reduction to 3-SAT by Tarajan)
● Why not 3SAT directly?
● Attacking proven optimality of Grover’s search giving only quadratic speed up
BEIT Inc. | www.beit.tech
38. Naive approach
BEIT Inc. | www.beit.tech
● Iterative approach
○ Prune from a complete graph on n vertices in two loops
■ inner: over edges adjacent to one vertex (conditions apply, to avoid double counting)
■ outer: over vertices
○ Use the resulting tree structure of an auxiliary graph of the Hamiltonian paths (each node will
have 0,1 or n-1 children)
○ Interleave
■ moving towards the leaves via easy to construct unitary transformation
■ measurement of a qubit storing 1 if a path is a cycle of the current graph, 0 otherwise
■ backtrack (using abovementioned tree structure) in case measurement yields 0
39. ...its failure
BEIT Inc. | www.beit.tech
● interleaving measurement with unitary evolution was bypassing BBBV
assumptions of the proof of optimality of Grover‘s search
● it does solve a wide class of graphs but there is a class of them where
it fails - namely when in any of graphs the algorithm goes through, the
deletion of a single edge reduces the number of the HCs
exponentially but not to 0
● do such graphs exist?
42. Current results
BEIT Inc. | www.beit.tech
● Another classical proof: finding a second HC given one
○ Start from the complete graph and prunning like in the naive case but no backtracking
○ Using improvement over (inefficient) Thomason algorithm to iterate over Hamiltonian paths
linked in the auxiliary graph
● This time, the problem graphs are these
○ where the paths in the auxiliary graph are exponentiallay long (Krawczyk, Cameron or fresh
from the press: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-the-australian-
mathematical-society/article/complexity-of-thomasons-algorithm-for-finding-a-second-
hamiltonian-cycle/2D6025D2237FD5C298CA04F961B3D09C)
○ or the auxiliary graph of paths is not connected (an we face the consequences of the no-go
theorem we have proven)
44. Why bother?
BEIT Inc. | www.beit.tech
● reduce any real life hard problem classically to its NP-complete
form and solve efficiently on QC
● QC to the rescue ( almost)
○ Got access to dWave 2000 qbit and Rigetti 19 qbit current
systems
○ Build GPU based dWave 1000 emulator, solving arbitrary
QUBO 1000 instances to optimality, faster than commercial
solvers
45. Why bother?
BEIT Inc. | www.beit.tech
● Customer problem: (NDA!): route K robots on N x N grid - looks like
parallel TSP but is better expressed as MAX 2-SAT
48. What is Deep Physics
10/20/18 2
“Nature isn’t classical, dammit,
and if you want to make a
simulation of nature, you’d better
make it quantum mechanical”
Richard Feynman, Nobel Prize 1965
“The main ingredient of the first
quantum revolution, wave-particle
duality, has led to inventions such as
the transistor and the laser that are
the root of the information society”
Alain Aspect, Wolf Prize 2010, “father
of the 2nd Quantum Revolution”
Deep Tech refers to fundamental
breakthroughs in science and
engineering that profoundly impact
industries and people’s lives. When
such technologies are originating in
physics research labs, we call them
Deep Physics.
Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle is
at the heart of emerging
& non intuitive
Quantum Technologies
that are a key part of
Deep Physics
49. Quantum Computing
• A QC is a device using quantum-
mechanical phenomena, such as
superposition and entanglement, to
perform complex calculations. For certain
problems it offers up to exponential
speedups with respect today’s
supercomputers.
• A computer made of a 100 perfect qubits
has more computing power than the some
of all existing computers on Earth.
• NISQ = Noisy Intermediate Scale
Quantum Computers, although imperfect,
and new purpose made softwares, can
already act as accelerators for classical
machines.
10/20/18 3
Qubits
50. 10/20/18 4
“We have many unsolved
problems, like finding a catalyst for
capturing carbon from the
atmosphere, enzymes for more
efficient food production and drug
interactions for precision medicine
… you could take a quantum
computer and solve some of these
unsolvable problems.”
Satya Nadella, Microsoft CEO,
keynote at Microsoft Ignite, 2017
51. Quantum Technologies impact everything
10/20/18 5
Source: BCG, Quantonation
Quantum Technologies are no SciFi anymore
This is just a matter of time before commercialization
53. Quantonation, pure player in Deep Physics
7
We are uniquely positioned to deal with the complexities of such technologies
- extensive in house technical expertise in fundamental physics and math
- seasoned entrepreneurs and business developers, go-to market experts
Charles Beigbeder,
Chairman
Selftrade, Poweo Founder
VC and PE specialist
École Centrale Paris
Olivier Tonneau,
Advisor
Deputy GM at Gravitation
VC expert
ESSEC
Christophe Jurczak,
CEO
Quantum expert
CEO Energy and Tech
Physics PhD, Polytechnique
Zoé Amblard,
Principal
Quantum Tech expert
PhD in Quantum
Cryptography
Jean-Gabriel Boinot,
Associate
VC, PE, Corporate
EM Lyon
54. Strategy: physicists & entrepreneurs first
10/20/18 8
• Early stage: pre-seed to series A and follow-on, ticket €50k – € 1-5m
• A global vision, > 50 companies in the pipeline
• 15-20 investments targeted, several deals closing in 2018 to be announced
• From the LP’s perspectives – best entry strategy into the Quantum Future
– Unique expertise on the place
– Value creation: profitable, balanced short / long term with Deep Physics
– Plan future business: build a competitive advantage
– Be at the heart of the community, get exposure
– Don’t miss it out
55. The opportunity is huge
20/10/2018 9
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23
3 4
2
2
2
2
QC Players worldwide
59. Meet with us
10/20/18 13
Paris Quantum Computing & Technologies
Meetup
Paris, 16/10
European Quantum Flagship Launch
Innovation WG representative
Vienna, 30/10
International Conference on Quantum Computing
Industry and VC Roundtable co-sponsor
Paris, 28/11
Hello Tomorrow – The future of Quantum
Business
VC Panel
Genève, 27/11
Quantum For Business (Q2B 2018)
Mountain View, 11-12/12
