3. Past Research
Adolescents with Emotional and Behavioral
Disorders (EBD) present deficits in literacy skills,
in part because their disruptive behaviors
interfere with task engagement (Vostal &Lee
2012).
“Currently, measures of ORF are frequently used
to monitor reading progress and predict
performance on future reading outcomes, which
are often used to make decisions about
intervention placement and retention” (O’Connor,
Swanson, & Geraghty, 2010).
4. Past Research (cont.)
Genre has been explored to study conscious
awareness and it was found to have no effect on
immediate thoughts of readers or trigger certain
reactions (Koopman 2015).
Greater exposure to the genre of fiction was
found to correlate with increased gender role
egalitarianism and reduced gender role
stereotyping (Fong, Mullin & Mar 2015).
5. The genre of a reading
passage has an effect on the
measurements of a student’s
accuracy and speed in
reading assessment.
Hypothesis:
6. Operational Definitions
Accuracy
A statistic that focuses
on how correct the
student read the
passage.
Statistical Definition:
Words between
errors (wbe)
Speed
A statistic that presents
the measurement of
how quickly a student
is able to get through
the passage.
Statistical Definition:
Words-per-minute
(wpm)
7. Method
Participants read three passages out loud and
were recorded by the AudioNote application
In-between readings the participants were told to
take a minute to take a deep breath and relax.
Upon the conclusion of this time period, the
individuals were given the next passage.
After the three passages were read the
participants were given the chance to ask any
questions about the study and told they could
exit the testing room.
8. First Passage Second
Passage
Third Passage
Order 1
Nonfiction Poetry Fiction
Order 2
Poetry Fiction Nonfiction
Order 3
Fiction Nonfiction Poetry
Order 4
Fiction Poetry Nonfiction
Order 5
Nonfiction Fiction Poetry
Order 6
Poetry Nonfiction Fiction
Protecting my findings from both practice and fatigu
Method (cont.)
9. Method of Data Collection
Listening through the recording, the following data
was collected:
Time frame of reading
Time taken to read each passage
Number of errors
These were used to calculate:
Words between errors (wbe)
Words-per-minute (wpm)
Equations for calculations:
Wpm=Words in passage/Seconds taken to read x 60
Wbe=Words in passage/Number of errors in reading
11. Operational Definitions of
Genres
Realistic Fiction
A story that is not based on a true story but could
have happened and is true to components of
reality.
Nonfiction
Literature based off of factual components that
follows a method of informing the reading about a
focal aspect.
Poetry
Words arranged in a rhythm or rhyme that can
create imagery and emotion.
16. Conclusion
These findings show that genre has an effect on
one’s ability to read through passages of
literature.
The measurement of words between errors (wbe) is
not significant when compared by genre.
This takes away a possible confound.
Individuals are able to read through fictional
passages at a faster speed than those of poetry
and nonfiction.
When compared by using t-tests, each match of
these three genres are significant and the order of
difficulty (when seen as a result of reading
speed), is fiction, nonfiction, and poetry.
