1. WAVE ENERGY EXPLOITATION M. Teresa Pontes LNEG 1 2 February 2010 ENERGY IN THE WORLD

5. Wave Energy can exhibit large seasonal variation In northerrn hemisphere resource is generally much,lower in summer than in winter In southern hemisfere summer –winter variations are much lower important advantage (Australia,NZ, South Africa, Chile, Argentina, Brasil)

6. SOUTH NORTH Average monthly mean lower in relation to annual average

8. RESOURCE ASSESSMENT & SITE SELECTION

13. PEMAP - GIS Database Sand Coverage

14. WAVE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES Corpos oscilantes (com motor hidráulico, Turbina hidráulica, gera-dor eléctrico linear) Estrutura flutuante: Mighty Whale, OE-Buoy, Oceanlinx Coluna de água oscilante (com turbina de ar) Galgamento (com turbina hidráulica de baixa queda) Estrutura flutuante (com concentração): Wave Dragon Flutuante Submerso Essencialmente translação vertical: AquaBuoy, FO3, Wavebob, Power Buoy, Wave Star Essencialmente rotação: Pelamis, SEAREV Essencialmente translação vertical: AWS Rotação: WaveRoller, Oyster Estrutura fixa Isolado: Pico, LIMPET Em quebra-mar: Sakata, Foz do Douro Estrutura fixa Na costa (com concentração): TAPCHAN Em quebramar (sem concentração): SSG Pico Limpet Sakata Foz do Douro OE-Buoy Mighty Whale Energetech AquaBuoy FO3 Wavebob Power Buoy Wave Star Pelamis SEAREV Wave Roller Oyster AWS TAPCHAN SSG Wave Dragon

16. As in life, the systems that will survive will be the most prone in a Darwinian fight for market survivability . How long this will take? Who will be the winners? ? Tempo geológico Floating bodies (with hidraulic motor, Hidraulic turbinehidráulica, linera electrical generator) Floating Submerged Essencialmente translação vertical: AquaBuoy, FO3, Wavebob, Power Buoy, Wave Star Essencialmente rotação: Pelamis, SEAREV Essentially vertical translation: AWS Rotação: WaveRoller, Oyster Floating structure : Mighty Whale, BBDB, Energetech/Oceanlinx Oscillating Water Column (air turbine) Fixed Structure Isolado: Pico, LIMPET Em quebra-mar: Sakata, Mutriku Run-up (with low head hidraulic turbine) Fixed Structure At coast (with concentração): TAPCHAN In breakwater (no concentration): SSG Floating structure (with concentration): Wave Dragon

20. Present situation 2 Technology is more difficult than that of wind energy. In technical and economic aspects, situation is similar to wind energy technology in the 1980s (?) Except in some Oscillating Water Columns (Pico 1999, Islay 2000), experience on maintenance, reliability and survivability is small or null, beyond few months. Information is scarce (and nor much reliable?) on costs and economic aspects. Often, what is publicised by teams is based on cenarios and projections assuming cost reduction.

21. Present situation 3 In general, capacity factor ( ratio of annual power/ nominal power) similar to wind energy (≈ 0.3). In the present technological development stage, electrical energy cost (€/kWh) is comprised between wind and large PV . To compete with wind energy, it is necessary 1/3 cost reduction for most advanced systems (1/2 if compared to offshore wind ). Relatively large investiments (especially in Europe) by private companies indicate that these cost reductions are believed to be possible (in 10+ years?).

25. PICO OWC PLANT 400 kW, 1999, 1st pre-commercial grid connected

26. Generator Pico Plant : turbine, generator and casing, during initial tests in 1999 Turbine Valves

27. OCEAN ENERGY- Floating OWC (B2D2), Ireland TURBINES Floating OWC

29. PROTOTYPE TESTING (I) Archimedes Wave Swing (AWS), NL Bottom mounted converter with oscillating “hat” Mechanical – electrical conversion: linear generator 1 MW Prototype tested in Portugal (2004)

30. AWS TESTING (2004) Assembly in the dock

32. WAVE FARM PELAMIS (2008) Articulated floating converter PTO: hydraulic Diameter: 3.5m; length 4  30 = 120m Power: 3  250 kW = 750 kW

34. Pilot Zone for Wave Energy Exploitation - Decree-Law 5/2008 - 150 km North of Lisbon, best resource (30 + kW/m pa) - 320 km 2 , 30<h< 80m - Prototypes, pre-commercial and commercial - Capacity: 250 MW - Infrastructures, licensing MARKET DEPLOYMENT POLICIES PILOT ZONE

35. PILOT ZONE WAVE ENERGY -

36. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION [email_address]