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Actors and Microservices - Can two walk together? - Rotem Hermon, Gigya
- 1. Actors, Microservices… Rotem Hermon @margolis20 Can two walk together?
- 2. Actors?
- 3. Concurrency
- 5. The problem with multi-threaded concurrency • Shared memory and state • Race conditions • Locks and deadlocks • Blocking calls • Hard to understand and maintain • Not easily distributed
- 7. The Actor Model • Formalized in 1973 (Carl Hewitt) • Concurrency by Message Passing • Avoids problems of threading and locking
- 8. An Actor • Lightweight • Never shares state • Communicates through asynchronous messages • Mailbox buffers incoming messages • Processes one message at a time
- 9. An Actor • Lightweight • Never shares state • Communicates through asynchronous messages • Mailbox buffers incoming messages • Processes one message at a time • Single threaded
- 10. The Actor Model • Higher abstraction level • Simpler concurrent programming model • Write single-threaded code (easier to understand) • Concurrency and scale via actor instances • Maximizes CPU utilization • Easy to distribute
- 13. Virtual Actors • A simplified Actors implementation with a higher abstraction level • Introduced by Microsoft Research – Project Orleans • A port to Java – Orbit (by EA)
- 14. Virtual Actors • Goals: • Make distributed application programming easier • Prefer developer productivity and transparent scalability • “A programming model and runtime for building cloud native services”
- 15. Virtual Actors • A Virtual Actor: always exists and never fails
- 16. Virtual Actors Actor types: • Worker • An auto-scaling processing unit – multiple instances created by framework as needed
- 17. Virtual Actors Actor types: • Single Activation • Guaranteed to have a single active instance in the cluster
- 18. Virtual Actors Actor types: • Single Activation • Guaranteed to have a single active instance in the cluster • A Stateful application middle-tier!
- 19. A Short Example… URL Shortener Service • Shorten (URI) • Expand (ShortURI)
- 20. A Short Example… URL Shortener Service The Classic way shrt.uri Stateless Service DB Cache Fetch from DB Set in Cache Expand Return URL Get From Cache
- 21. A Short Example… URL Shortener Service The Virtual Actor way shrt.uri Expand Return URL Virtual Actors Service Worker URLActor (“shrt.uri”) “URL” DB Fetch from DB
- 22. A Short Example… URL Shortener Service The Virtual Actor way shrt.uri Expand Return URL Virtual Actors Service Worker URLActor (“shrt.uri”) “URL”
- 23. A Short Example… URL Shortener Service The Virtual Actor way shrt.uri Expand Return URL Virtual Actors Service Worker URLActor (“shrt.uri”) “URL” And logic!
- 24. Virtual Actor Framework • A runtime providing virtual “actor space”, analogues to virtual memory • Handles Actor placement, activation and GC when needed • Balances resources across the cluster, provides elastic scalability
- 25. Simplified Programming Model • An Actor is a class, implementing an interface with asynchronous methods • The caller of an Actor uses the actor interface via a proxy • Messaging is transparent and handled by the runtime. Programmers deal with interfaces and methods
- 29. A single Actors universe?
- 31. Actor based microservices Service A Service B ServiceB Interface Actor IMyServiceB
- 32. Actor based microservices Service A Service B ServiceB Interface Actor IMyServiceB ServiceB HTTP Listener
- 33. Actor based microservices Service A Service B ServiceB Interface Actor IMyServiceB ServiceB Client ServiceB HTTP Listener JSON over HTTP
- 35. Thank You! Rotem Hermon @margolis20 VP Architecture @ Gigya