2. National Geographic: Spencer Wells

3. National Geographic: Explorers – Spencer Wells

4. National Geographic: The Geographic Project

5. Princeton University Press: Interview with Spencer Wells

6. Film Catastrophe

7. Film: Guns, Germs, and Steel

8. Wikipedia site: Funs, Germs, and Steel

9. The World in 1492 & Columbus’s World

11. The Day the Universe Changed (cont.) In the 1800’s, the human race discovered a new way of being more efficient. This new idea was using steam power to make old inventions work. This made it possible for the Train or Locomotive to eventually be innovated. This worked so efficiently that part of this technique is still used today. Another invention that was a huge leap in history was the Printing Press. These were first started in Europe in the 1400’s and allowed them to share information with speed. Even in today’s world you will see more advanced Printing Presses being used. These include your simple at home printer or even industrial copy machines.

12. The Journey Of Man Spencer Wells, a geneticist, guides us through the Journey of Man. He explains where we all come from, how we got where we are, and the history behind our civilizations. Also, he explains the African’s journey that made us all who we are today. He does this by taking blood samples and tracing it back to the Bushmen Tribe in Africa who started the world as we know it today.

14. In every blood sample comes DNA.

15. DNA is a ladder of 4 linked molecules, A, C, G and T that are strung together in pairs in a long, complex sequence.

16. Like blood, DNA also comes with attachments.

18. Science Behind It Scientists have been using tree rings to look at climate changes throughout time. The narrower the rings, the worse the weather, the thicker rings mean better conditions. Scientists discovered that during the years of 535 to 542 the rings were abnormally narrow. They then began to look further into this to discover the odd climate… What Caused It? Scientist David Keys believes that the volcano “Krakotoa” was the cause for the dust and therefore, the climate changes. Many scientists got involved and gathered information from Krakatoa such as coal, that they then tested to see when the major eruption could have happened. They discovered that it was very possible for the eruption to happen in the year 535. With the added written evidence they concluded that this was the cause of the climate change.

19. Guns, Germs & Steel Some may ask “Why do Europeans have so much power compared to others?” The answer to this question is their location. They created new metals with which they produced new weapons and gained immunities to illnesses.

20. Gun, Germs & Steel:Europeans The advantages Europeans had were… The shape of the continents Crops and domesticated animals Sharing of Knowledge Spread of Eurasian technology

21. The World & Trade Colombuswas born in a remote place called Genoa in 1451. It was built and became a maritime empire. Genoa attracted trade, not tourists, it was a very business minded environment. For the First half of his life, this place was the center of his life.

22. The World & Trade To add flavor, spices were used. Since there wasn’t refrigeration, the spices helped and made foods such as meat, bearable to eat. However, they were imported from the Orient, so therefore they were hard to get. Colombusdid just about anything to get a hold of these spices. Money was another desirable item. Japan had inexhaustible supply of gold during the time of Colombus However, by middle ages, China had become richest, most powerful empire in the world They also created the world’s first paper, the compass, and the most revolutionary gunpowder