1. Biotechnology A Rapidly-Developing Industry

2. What is Biotechnology & What Does it Mean to You?

3. What is Biotechnology? Standard Definition: technology that uses living organisms (or their products) for human or environmental benefit, to make a product, or to solve a problem

4. Biotechnology has a long history Humans have been using organisms for benefits for centuries Examples: Domestication of animals Fermentation: some yeast break down sugars and produce alcohol/CO2 Selective breeding of plants/animals Gene cloning Genetic engineering & recombinant DNA technology Human Genome Project Human Proteome Project

5. Biotechnology is an Interdisciplinary Industry Biotech companies are always looking for people with training in: Molecular biology Computer science Mathematics Engineering Philosophy Economics Bioinformatics: application of computer science to study DNA & protein data Etc.

6. What Types of Biotechnology are There? Your subtopic goes here

7. Microbial Biotechnology Photo Courtesy of ASM MicrobeLibray Yeast used for fermentation Bacterially-derived components can: Help leach oil & minerals from the soil to increase mining efficiency Decontaminate industrial waste Genetically-engineered bacteria can: Produce batch amounts of medically important proteins like insulin & HGH

8. Agricultural Biotechnology Photo Courtesy of Panda.org Plants can be genetically engineered to become resistant to: Pests Severe weather Molecular pharming: use of plants as sources of pharmaceutical products Produce with new characteristics, such as enhanced flavor or vitamin content, can be developed via genetic engineering

9. Animal Biotechnology Photos Courtesy of the Roslin Institute & the University of Arizona Animals can be used as sources of antibodies for therapeutic or research purposes Transgenic animals can produce various therapeutic protens in body fluids (e.g., milk) Knock-outexperiments reveal information concerning gene function Animal cloning has been carried out and is controversial

10. Forensic Biotechnology Picture Courtesy of Santa Monica College DNA fingerprinting is a powerful technique for gathering evidence concerning crime scenes, paternity cases, and genetic research

11. Bioremediation Picture Courtesy of Alken-Murray Corp. Bioremediation: use of biotech to process & degrade substances that pose environmental threats Example: genetically-engineered bacteria broke down components in crude oil and cleaned up areas affected by Exxon Valdez oil spill (Prince William Sound, Alaska)

12. Bioremediation

13. Aquatic Biotechnology Photos Courtesy of The Marine ScienceInstitute Aquaculture can be used to replenish endangered and over-harvested species (giant clams, sea urchins…) Genetically-engineered oysters Disease-resistant strains which resist salmon-infecting viruses Vaccines against such viruses Transgenic fish w/enhanced GH production Aquatic extremophile gene products

14. Medical Biotechnology Gene discovery (HGP) Gene therapy pioneering Stem cell technologies

15. Regulatory Biotechnology Quality Assurance (QA) - All activities involved in regulating the final quality of a product Quality Control (QC) - lab testing and monitoring of production processes to ensure consistent product standards (part of QA)

16. Biological Challenges of the 21st Century Your subtopic goes here

17. What to do with the HGP? We now know that humans have ~20,000-30,000 genes Genomics provides insights into the function/regulation of genes, how genes direct cell activities, & how altered genes function in disease Proteomics will be the next logical frontier Comparative genomics will give insight into evolution & taxonomy

18. How might we benefit from the HGP? Early detection & diagnosis of genetic abnormalities Customized drug regiments for individual genomes Application of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and correlation with disease states DNA microarray (gene chip) – contains thousands of gene sequences; can be used to ID SNPs in particular patients Pharmacogenomics = “customizable medicine” for both an individual’s physiology & specific types of tumors Gene therapy – the replacement or augmentation of a defective gene Stem cell technologies & regenerative medicine – work is progressing with both ES cells and AS cells

19. The Biotechnology Workforce Jobs in Biotechnology

20. Research & Development (R&D) Laboratory technicians – clean & maintain scientific equipment & lab inventory – A.S., B.A., B.S. Degrees Research assistants/associates – carry out experiments under supervision of senior scientists – B.S. or M.S. Senior Scientists – manage large scientific projects – Ph.D. & post- doctoral experience

21. Manufacturing & Production Job details are typically company- or product-specific Entry-level jobs are plentiful Supervisory/management jobs usually require B.S./M.S. in a science and several years of experience Engineers are highly sought after by biotech manufacturing and production companies

22. Marketing & Sales Academic training in both science and business are ideal Sales reps work with medical personnel to promote their company’s products Marketing specialists develop advertising campaigns and promotional material