The document describes the DC4Cities project, which aims to make data centers more energy adaptive and able to run on high levels of renewable energy. The project will develop methods for data centers to dynamically adjust their power consumption based on available renewable energy sources and directives from smart city energy authorities, while still meeting service level agreements. This will be achieved through technologies that optimize virtual machine placement, dynamically consolidate and turn off servers, and adapt workloads based on renewable energy availability and quotas set by energy administrators. The goal is for data centers to be able to operate using 80% renewable energy sources.

1. Page 1
ITALY INNOVATION CENTER
H E W L E T T P A C K A R D I T A L I A N A S R L
DC4Cities and HP Solar Power
Moonshot Experiment:
Maximizing Renewable Energy Utilization in a
Data Centre
Datacentres Europe 2014

2. Page 2
DC4Cities Origins
Datacentres Europe 2014

3. Page 3
DC4Cities Origins
Datacentres Europe 2014
Virtual Machine
Dynamic Consolidation
and Turn off Servers

4. Page 4
DC4Cities Origins
Datacentres Europe 2014
Virtual Machine
Dynamic Consolidation
and Turn off Servers
Green Service Level
Agreements

5. Page 5
DC4Cities Origins
Datacentres Europe 2014
Virtual Machine
Dynamic Consolidation
and Turn off Servers
Green Service Level
Agreements
Adapt to Renewable
Energy Availability

6. Page 6
DC4Cities Project
Datacentres Europe 2014
DC4Cities:
an environmentally sustainable data centre for Smart Cities
FP7-SMARTCITIES-2013 (ICT Call) Objective ICT-2013.6.2
Data Centres in an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly Internet
The goal of DC4Cities is to make existing and new data centres
energy adaptive. DC4Cities will find the adequate actions to run a
data centre so as to adapt to external energy constraints such as
renewable energy availability and consume the minimal energy,
without requiring any modification to the logistics, and without
impacting the quality of the services provided to their users. In
addition new energy metrics, benchmarks, and measurement
methodologies will be developed and proposed for the definition of
new related standards.
Abstract http://www.dc4cities.eu

7. Page 7
DC4Cities Web Site and Partners
Datacentres Europe 2014
http://www.dc4cities.eu

8. Page 8
DC4Cities Rationale
Running a data centre on 100% renewable energy is not a problem if its
energy provider is only using hydro and geothermal sources. But if not...
running a data centre at high levels of renewable
energy sources is the great challenge
Datacentres Europe 2014

9. Page 9
DC4Cities Rationale
Running a data centre on 100% renewable energy is not a problem if its
energy provider is only using hydro and geothermal sources. But if not...
running a data centre at high levels of renewable
energy sources is the great challenge
Datacentres Europe 2014
Certain
Services
require DCs
to be close to
users
Smart Cities
require
Services,
hosted by DCs
Smart Cities
need Eco-
friendly DCs
Europe
needs new
metrics for
DC energy
efficiency

10. Page 10
DC4Cities Rationale
Running a data centre on 100% renewable energy is not a problem if its
energy provider is only using hydro and geothermal sources. But if not...
running a data centre at high levels of renewable
energy sources is the great challenge
DC4Cities will find the adequate actions to run a DC so as to adapt to
external energy constraints and consume the minimal energy,
targeting the 80% usage of renewable energy sources
Datacentres Europe 2014
Certain
Services
require DCs
to be close to
users
Smart Cities
require
Services,
hosted by DCs
Smart Cities
need Eco-
friendly DCs
Europe
needs new
metrics for
DC energy
efficiency

11. Page 11
DC4Cities Main Goal
Datacentres Europe 2014
Enforce DCs to run in an energy adaptive mode
all data centre components, including applications
 matching the renewable energy availability;
 following the Smart City Energy authority directives
on energy usage and plans

12. Page 12
DC4Cities Concept
Datacentres Europe 2014
DC4Cities: let DCs become energy adaptive
Eco-friendly DC energy policies needs to be capable of
adapting the power
consumption to the availability
of renewable energy
being adapted to the requests
received by the Smart City
Energy Management authority

13. Page 13
DC4Cities Concept
Datacentres Europe 2014
DC4Cities: let DCs become energy adaptive
Eco-friendly DC energy policies needs to be capable of
adapting the power
consumption to the availability
of renewable energy
being adapted to the requests
received by the Smart City
Energy Management authority
Software
Execution Load
Hardware
Power
Consumption
Data Centre
Total Power
Consumption
DC4Cities
controls generates PUE*
controls
* approximate factor

14. Page 14
DC4Cities Impact on Renewable
Energy Utilization
Trad.
DC
Power
Renewable
Power
Time
DC4Cities
Power
Renewable
Power
Time
50%
50%
20%
80%
DC not using Renewable Power
DC using Renewable Power
DC not using Renewable Power
DC using Renewable Power
Datacentres Europe 2014

15. Page 15
Energy Sourcing and
Control Options
Datacentres Europe 2014
Option A: Grid Option B: Ren
Option C: Mixed

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Energy Sourcing and
Control Options
Datacentres Europe 2014
Option A: Grid Option B: Ren
Option C: Mixed
Option D:Smart [vision]

17. Page 17
Data Centre
Energy
Controller
User and Admin Task Scheduling Infrastructure Mgmt Energy Adaptive SW
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
Grid/Smart Grid Renewable Energy Providers Smart City Control
DC4Cities Overview
Datacentres Europe 2014

18. Page 18
Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Grid/Smart Grid Renewable Energy Providers Smart City Control
DC4Cities Overview (North)
Datacentres Europe 2014

19. Page 19
Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Grid/Smart Grid Renewable Energy Providers Smart City Control
DC4Cities Overview (North)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
0:00
Sun
Wind
Gas
Coal
Energy
Availability
Forecast
0
20
40
60
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
RenPct

20. Page 20
Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Grid/Smart Grid Renewable Energy Providers Smart City Control
DC4Cities Overview (North)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
0:00
Sun
Wind
Gas
Coal
Energy
Availability
Forecast
Weather
Forecast
0
20
40
60
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
RenPct
0
10
20
30
40
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
PV power

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Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Grid/Smart Grid Renewable Energy Providers Smart City Control
DC4Cities Overview (North)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0:00
4:00
8:00
12:00
16:00
20:00
0:00
Sun
Wind
Gas
Coal
Energy
Availability
Forecast
Weather
Forecast
Power/
Energy
Goals
80%
Ren
0
20
40
60
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
RenPct
0
10
20
30
40
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
PV power

22. Page 22
Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview (Control)
Datacentres Europe 2014

23. Page 23
Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview (Control)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
DC Ideal power

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Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview (Control)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
DC Ideal power
0
20
40
60
80
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
Serv C
Serv B
Serv. A
Service
Quota
Split
Policies

25. Page 25
Data Centre
Energy
Controller
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview (Control)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
20
40
60
80
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
DC Ideal power
0
20
40
60
80
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
Serv C
Serv B
Serv. A
0
10
20
30
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
Quota A
0
10
20
30
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
Quota B
0
10
20
30
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
Quota C
Service
Quota
Split
Policies

26. Page 26
Green SLAs (All4Green)
Datacentres Europe 2014
User and Admin Task Scheduling Infrastructure Mgmt Energy Adaptive SW

27. Page 27
Green SLAs (All4Green)
Datacentres Europe 2014
User and Admin Task Scheduling Infrastructure Mgmt Energy Adaptive SW

28. Page 28
Green SLAs (All4Green)
Datacentres Europe 2014
100% ECU
HighPerf
W3D2
10000pg/m
User and Admin Task Scheduling Infrastructure Mgmt Energy Adaptive SW

29. Page 29
Green SLAs (All4Green)
Datacentres Europe 2014
100% ECU
HighPerf
W3D2
10000pg/m
User and Admin Task Scheduling Infrastructure Mgmt Energy Adaptive SW

30. Page 30
Green SLAs (All4Green)
Datacentres Europe 2014
100% ECU
HighPerf
MidPerf
75% ECU
W3D2
W2D2
10000pg/m
6000pg/m
User and Admin Task Scheduling Infrastructure Mgmt Energy Adaptive SW

31. Page 31
Green SLAs (All4Green)
Datacentres Europe 2014
100% ECU
HighPerf
MidPerf
75% ECU
LowPerf
W3D2
W2D2
W1D1
10000pg/m
6000pg/m
3000pg/m
User and Admin Task Scheduling Infrastructure Mgmt Energy Adaptive SW

32. Page 32
Data Centre
Energy
Admin
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview
(Control - South)
Datacentres Europe 2014
Smart City
Energy Admin

33. Page 33
Data Centre
Energy
Admin
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview
(Control - South)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
5
10
15
20
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
A1
A20
10
20
30
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
B1
B2 0
10
20
30
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
C1
C2
C3
Smart City
Energy Admin

34. Page 34
Data Centre
Energy
Admin
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview
(Control - South)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
5
10
15
20
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
A1
A20
10
20
30
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
B1
B2 0
10
20
30
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
C1
C2
C3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
C2
B2
A1
81%
Smart City
Energy Admin

35. Page 35
Data Centre
Energy
Admin
Renewable Energy Adaptive Interface
Energy Adaptive Data Centre Operation Interface
DC4Cities Overview
(Control - South)
Datacentres Europe 2014
0
5
10
15
20
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
A1
A20
10
20
30
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
B1
B2 0
10
20
30
0:00
3:00
6:00
9:00
12:00
15:00
18:00
21:00
0:00
C1
C2
C3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0:00
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:00
12:00
14:00
16:00
18:00
20:00
22:00
0:00
C2
B2
A1
81%
B2 A1 C2
Smart City
Energy Admin

36. Page 36
DC4Cities IaaS CTRL and
VM Placement Optimizer (FIT4Green)
FIT4Green
VM
placement
optimization
Energy Adaptive Software Control Interface
End
Users
Create
Use
Delete
VMs
Assign/Migrate VMs
to/between servers
CloudFrontEnd
Datacentres Europe 2014
Infrastructure
Mgmt

37. Page 37
DC4Cities IaaS CTRL and
VM Placement Optimizer (FIT4Green)
EA SW
CTRL
IaaS
FIT4Green
VM
placement
optimization
Energy Adaptive Software Control Interface
End
Users
Create
Use
Delete
VMs
Assign/Migrate VMs
to/between servers
Change SLA value(s):
VM consolidation factor
Monitoring
&
Forecast
CloudFrontEnd
Datacentres Europe 2014
Infrastructure
Mgmt
EA SW Profile:
•Deploy options
•Actions
•Elasticity
Green SLA:
•Time/Calendar
•Power Status
 Deploy option

38. Page 38
DC4Cities Historical DB and
Forecasting Tool
Datacentres Europe 2014
Historical
Data Base
Actual Energy/Weather Data
Actual IT/Power Data

39. Page 39
DC4Cities Historical DB and
Forecasting Tool
Datacentres Europe 2014
Historical
Data Base
Actual Energy/Weather Data
Actual IT/Power Data

40. Page 40
DC4Cities Historical DB and
Forecasting Tool
Datacentres Europe 2014
Historical
Data Base
Actual Energy/Weather Data
Actual IT/Power Data
Energy
Availability
Forecast
Data
IT/Power
Forecast
Data

41. Page 41
Metrics and Benchmarks
Datacentres Europe 2014

42. Page 42
Brussels Airport
November 2012Datacentres Europe 2014

43. Page 43
Cars vs. Computers and DCs
Datacentres Europe 2014
202020102000199019801970
SPEED
Km/h
Miles/h
POWER
HPs
AERODYNAMICS
Cd
Cx
FUEL
CONSUMPTION
Km/Litre
Miles/Gallon
Hybrid
Power
EMISSIONS
gCO2/Km
gCO2/Mile

44. Page 44
Cars vs. Computers and DCs
Datacentres Europe 2014
202020102000199019801970
SPEED
Km/h
Miles/h
POWER
HPs
AERODYNAMICS
Cd
Cx
FUEL
CONSUMPTION
Km/Litre
Miles/Gallon
Hybrid
Power
EMISSIONS
gCO2/Km
gCO2/Mile
CPU SPEED
Mips
MHz
DC LOGISTICS
PUE, CUE,
WUE
ENERGY/EMISSIONS
CONSUMPTION
Operations/Wh
gCO2/Operation

45. Page 45
Proposal for New Metrics
Real Workloads
or Benchmarks
Output = Work Done
Total Work Done
Total Energy
Renewable Energy
Total Energy
Software Execution
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Utilization Efficiency
Trigger =
Work
Requests
Input =
Non-Renewable
Energy
Input =
Renewable
Energy
Datacentres Europe 2014

46. Page 46
Proposal for New Metrics
Real Workloads
or Benchmarks
Output = Work Done
Total Work Done
Total Energy
Renewable Energy
Total Energy
Software Execution
Energy Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Utilization Efficiency
Trigger =
Work
Requests
Input =
Non-Renewable
Energy
Input =
Renewable
Energy
Datacentres Europe 2014
Collaboration inside EU Project Cluster for common standardization proposal to
CEN-CENELEC-ETSI Coordination Group on Green Data Centres (CG GDC)

47. Page 47
 PCTREN – Percent of Renewables (from the Grid)
 Large variations, unpredictable, uncontrollable
Renewable Energy Sources:
“when” matters!
Datacentres Europe 2014
Low Wind
energy quota
High Wind
energy quota
PCTREN ~50%
PCTREN ~10%
@REE (Spanish Energy Grid) graph: Wind production vs. Total Demand

48. Page 48
 PCTREN – Percent of Renewables (from the Grid)
 Large variations, unpredictable, uncontrollable
Renewable Energy Sources:
“when” matters!
Datacentres Europe 2014
Low Wind
energy quota
High Wind
energy quota
PCTREN ~50%
PCTREN ~10%
@REE (Spanish Energy Grid) graph: Wind production vs. Total Demand
ECREN-GRID = t ECGRID(t) * PCTREN(t)
ECREN-GRID ECGRID * AVG(PCTREN(t))

49. Page 49
DC4Cities Trials
Datacentres Europe 2014

50. Page 50
HP “Solar” Experiment
~2KW PV Array
HP Italy HQ
Milan (Italy)
DC/AC Inverter
Meters &
Data Loggers HP Internal
Power Grid
Moonshot
at HP Italy
Technology
Show Room
External
Energy
Provider
Datacentres Europe 2014
Work
done

51. Page 51
DC4Cities Trials
Datacentres Europe 2014
DC4Cities First Trial will
run during Summer 2014
• HP, Milan IT
• CSUC/IMI Barcelona ES
• Create-Net, Trento IT

52. Page 52
Q U E S T I O N S ?
Datacentres Europe 2014
Thank you!
http://www.dc4cities.eu