Pulp and Paper Manufacturing and Treatment Of Waste Water
is About:
What is Fiber?
Lignin?Hemicellouse?
Real Explanation of Photosynthesis?
SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) Pictures of Trees
Can Plants Survive in Green Light?
How the Pulp is Produced from The Trees (Video) ?
Can We Use Other Than Trees for Pulp Preparation?
Some Information about Locally Located oldest Paper Mills
How the Waste Water Treated from Industries?
15. De-Fibre Process
Mechanical Mechanical Pulp
(90-96%)
Chemical
Sulphate Process
(Alkaline)
43-52%
Sulphite Process
(Acid)
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16. Kraft Process
White liquor is a strong alkaline solution mainly of sodium hydroxide
and Sodium Sulphide
White Liquor breaks the bonds between lignin and cellulose
Black liquor is the waste product Formed by combining
lignin, hemicelluloses and other extractives from the wood
to free the cellulose fibres.
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17. Bleaching
• Modification of coloured
substances in the pulp
• Coloured substances loose the
ability to fully absorb light
• Residual lignin and other
undesired substances are removed
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23. Effects of Waste Water
• The fine fibres often clog the water intake screens in
the down stream side
• Toxic effect may also be induced upon the flora and
fauna of the stream due to sulphites and phenols in the
waste
• * Lignin cellulosic material near the point of discharge of
the waste in a stream undergo slow decomposition by
the creation of anaerobic condition and destruction of the
aquatic life 23
26. Treatment of Pulp and Paper Mill Wastes
• 1. Recovery Process
• 2. Chemical treatment for colour removal
• 3.Physical treatment
• 4.Biological treatment
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27. Recovery Process
• The recovery of the process chemicals and the fibres
reduces the pollution load to a great extent .
• Where the economy permits the colour bearing “black
liquor” is treated for the chemical recovery .
• The fibres in the white water from the paper mills are
recovered either by sedimentation or by floatation using
forced air in the tank.
• The recovery of lime from the lime mud , by the
process of calcination, is not practiced in India, due to
undesirable content of silica in it. 27
28. Biological Treatment By Stabilisation Ponds
Anaerobic Ponds Aerobic Ponds
Loading Rate 56 kg/hectare/day 670 to 1340 kg/hectare/day
Detention Period 12-30 days 5 days
Efficiency of Removal 85% 50-95%
Nutrition Addition (BOD:N:P) Not Required 100:5:1
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31. Trickling Filter
• Trickling filter has got a limited use in the treatment of the pulp and
paper mill effluent , due to the greater chances of clogging of the media
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APPM was Established as Carnatic Paper Mills in 1921 on the Banks Of River Godavari
Unit Operates two mills
Unit 1: Wood based capacity 1,80,000 TPA and Paper 1,11,000 TPA
Unit 2 : Recycled paper 50,000 TPA and 6500 TPA
Here is Glance of Complete Paper Production
These Picture describes Bark portion removed
bark Produce is not a waste but used for Generating Electricity in the industry and maintaining Temperatures in Digestors
After De-barking Process The Wood Is cut in Chips and These Process Is know as Chipping
After The Chipping Process , as I already said These Contains Three Components Lignin,Celloulose ,Hemi Celloulose
Sodium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula Na2S,
Sodium sulfate is the sodium salt of sulfuric acid. When anhydrous, it is a white crystalline Na2SO4
Sodium sulfite (sodium sulphite) is a soluble sodium salt of sulfurous acid (sulfite) with the chemical formula Na2SO3.
Sulphate Process is also known as Kraft Process most of the production is Based on these Method
After Chipping the Wood is transferred to digester where white Liquor is transferred to the it
High Temperature and Pressure is maintained ,White Liquor breaks the bonds between lignin and cellulose
Pulp is separated from in the Separator and Cleaned with Water to produce Brown Stock Water or Wash water is transferred to EVA.TANK
Bleaching is done to every pulp depending upon Quality of Paper Required . For Newspaper bleaching is lesser in Concentration
Three Process Are involved there are Chlorine ,caustic ,Hypochlorite
This is the one of the effect caused deu to improper treatment of waste water
Wer the this pic . anaerobic condition and destruction of the aquatic life
dicrbs