Reseach about Fraternities in the Philippines

1. THE STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE
INVOLVEMENT IN FRATERNITIES AND
SORORITIES OF THE CRIMINOLOGY
STUDENTS OF PILI CAPITAL
COLLEGE, INC.
Presenta tion by Dacillo,RichelleM.
July |2023
PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE INC.

2. Introduction
Page 02
Backg round of the Study
Student organizations are always present in every school to provide services and
opportunities for students to grow that cannot be had in a classroom environment.
Students are allowed to form and join groups and organizations that perform
academic, co-curricular, extracurricular, non-academic, and intergroup activities. One
of which are called fraternities and sororities - a fraternity is an organization whose
members are all males while sororities have female members. These groups recruit
men and women to pledge to stay committed to one another forever. This lifetime
commitment provides lifelong experience for the members in which they are able
to help and provide community service to those in need.

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Section 2, Paragraph E of the Executive order No. 170,s. 1969 states:
The right of the students to organize within the campus, under law, and to
seek recognition for such organization by filing with the proper school
authority a written statement of purpose and description of organizational
structure and procedures and a specified minimum membership
qualifications and listings.
It explains that students can participate in any student organization existing
in school such as those fraternities and sororities. Moreover, Section 15 of
Article XIIIof the Philippine Constitution states:
The state shall respect the role of independent people’s organizations to
enable the people to pursue and protect, within the democratic framework,
their legitimate and collective interests and aspirations through peaceful and
lawful means.

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Whereas student organizations can operate to support students' needs in where
they can find wellness and express themselves freely. The state has been
supporting and protecting the rights of the youth as stated in the Section 13 of the
Article 2 of the Philippine Constitution:
The state recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall
promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well-
being. It shall inculcate in the youth patriotism and nationalism, and encourage
their involvement in public and civic affairs.
The state recognizes its responsibility to enable the youth to fulfill their vital role in
nation-building. Republic Act 8044 mandated the following:
a. the promotion and protection of the physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual and
social well-being of the youth to the end that the youth realize their potential for
improving the quality of life and the encouragement of youth involvement in
character-building and development activities for civic-efficiency, stewardship of
natural resources, agricultural and industrial productivity, and an understanding of
world economic commitments.

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Fraternities and sororities are legal and safe, as long as the school regulates their functions, and
the said organization is accredited to monitor their activities. However, the different fraternities
and sororities in Pili Capital College are not accredited organizations so these groups cannot
conduct meetings and activities within the school premises so students that are members of the
organization conduct their regular meetings and activities off-campus.
Students have the right to join such organizations provided that they are aware of their
responsibilities in the organization and as a student. It is indeed important that the students relate
to other people who have the same interest. However, if violence is involved such as physical
abuse and hazing, the school should make intervention in order for the students to be focused on
their studies and free from bad influence of other fraternity and sorority members. That is why the
researcher would like to conduct this study to gather information about the interest of the students
in fraternities and sororities outside their campus and how it may change their social life, and
ultimately, how it affects their life.
This present study intends to determine the perception of the students in the involvement in
fraternities and sororities. The students will gain a better understanding of how fraternities and
sororities may influence their behavior and how it affects their college journey. Thus, it will assist
the school administrators regulate such student organizations, resulting in safer and friendly
learning environment and make the students’ college journey meaningful.

6. Statement of
the Problem
This study aims to determine the
perception of the students in different
fraternities and sororities in Pili Capital
College, Inc. Specifically, this study sought
to answer the following:
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7. Problem 1 Page 07
What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms
of:
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Year Level
d. Economic Status
Problem 2
What is the perception of the criminology students towards
different fraternities and sororities in terms of:
a. Interest in the fraternities and sororities
b. Perceived value of the fraternities and sororities
c.Awareness level in laws regulating functions of fraternities
and sororities
Problem 3
What are the implications of joining fraternities and sororities of
the students in terms of:
a. Academic performance
b. Socialization skills
c. Camaraderie
d. Brotherhood/sisterhood

8. The Theoritical
Skinner and Albert Bandura made significant contributions to
the ecological view of development because they considered
that a child's environment has effects on his or her learning.
They explained the environmentalist theory that the learning
environment influences the learning process of the students,
impacts behavior, and that human behavior, development,
and learning are all considered reactions to the environment.
This learning environment refers to the families, schools,
teachers, and the group of people that surrounds an individual
(Wanjohi, 2010).
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According to this environmentalist
theory, exposure to various fraternities
and sororities has an impact on how
students view these organizations, their
perception to these brotherhood and
sisterhood organizations improves, and
their interest in participating in that
organization changes as a result of this
exposure with the frat members.
Framework
This study is anchored from the following theories:
Environmentalist Learning Theory

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Skinner’s Operant C onditioning Theory
This theory suggests that in the learning process, the strength of behavior is modified by
reinforcement or punishment. Students’ behavior is their response to the exposure in the
environment wherein a positive learning environment will be more likely to boost their interest to
learn while problems in the learning environment will affect the behavior of the students towards
their own learning. Also, this theory explained that a significant event in the environment will lead to
improved learners’ behavior by constant reinforcement. Using the concept of this theory, once an
organization’s activities and aspirations attract the students, it will improve the students'
perception towards the organization. Likewise, if the result of the data gathering process revealed
the students already have a positive perception, the teacher still needs to continue providing
reinforcement so that aside from raising awareness, they will be able to maintain a safe learning
environment for the students.

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Social Learning Theory
According to the social learning theory, people learn primarily through observation and
modeling. It goes beyond the idea that learning comes from having firsthand contact with
the environment. According to Bandura, learning can happen simply by observing how
other people behave. In the different fields, social learning can be effectively applied to
observe and replicate constructive behavior. Social learning, however, is not a passive
process. Benefiting from social learning techniques requires attention, retention,
reproduction, and motivation. In connection with the present study, students who are
exposed to various fraternities and sororities inside and outside the campus of PCCI are
more likely to develop a sense of awareness on how such organizations work. It is the
environment that plays a crucial role for how an individual behaves towards other people.

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1
ORGANIZATIONAL
CHANGE THEORY
SKINNER'S OPERANT
CONDITIONING THEORY
SOCIAL
LEARNING THEORY
This present study intends to determine the perception of the students to gain a better
understanding of how fraternities and sororities influence their behavior. Thus, it will assist
the school administrators regulate such a student organizations, resulting in a more safer
and friendly learning environment and make the students' college journey meaningful
regardless of the affiliation to any organization.
What is demographic profile
of the respondents in terms of
age,sex,year level,and
economic status?
Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

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2
Input
Environmentalist
Learning Theory
Skinner’s Operant
Conditioning Theory
Social Learning
Theory by Bandura
RA 8049
Process
Data gathering of
students profiles
and terrorists in the
fraternity and
sororit perceived
value of the
organization
awareness of the
law and
implications to the
students behavior
Output
Awareness
campaign through
seminars and
workshops
Accreditation of
student organization
Outcome
Students are performing well and school regardless of the
affiliated organization.

13. How fraternities started in the
Philippines?
Fraternity initiation: What it is, why
it’s important,and why people
have a problem with it
Hazing and Organizational
Tradition in a HigheR Education
Institution in the Philippines: What
Has the Law Got to Do with It?.
Sarmiento (2021)
(Student Assembly, 2020).
Bawan et al. (2017),
There are a lot of fraternities and sororities
existing in the society. The Katipunan, short for
"Kataastaasang Kagalangalangang Katipunan
ng mga Anak ng Bayan," was established in
Manila in 1892 by anti-Spanish Filipinos with the
primary goal of achieving independence from
Spain through revolution. It is the first
brotherhood or fraternity that was originally
founded by Filipinos and has been officially
documented.
Each fraternity has its own unique set of
initiation ceremonies, some of which can be silly
or very symbolic, while others may go farther
and inflict bodily or psychological harm or even
humiliation on their initiates.
The implementation of the Anti-Hazing Law
or the RA 8049 in the Philippines cannot fully
stop hazing. They found out that even if the
students are knowledgeable and highly aware of
the procedural requirements and liabilities
imposed by the law, the problem of hazing
remains.
Nowadays, numerous fraternities and sororities
exist in universities and colleges that seek to
improve ones' college experience by pushing them
to thrive academically, develop leadership
potential, and give back to the community.
Joining in fraternity and sororities, a newbie is
more likely to undergo initiation rites that may
involve hazing. These initiation rites are any kind of
process that pledges must go through to be
formally welcomed into a fraternity.
The students’ regard to initiation ritual as part
of organizational tradition makes practice of hazing
difficult to combat. Schools will be needing
campaigns guided by the principle of the law to
promote organizational learning.
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TITLE AUTHORS FINDINGS RELATED TO THESTUDY
SUMMARY OF RELATED STUDIES

14. Selected Higher Education
Institutions in Nueva Ecija,
Philippines: A Policy
The Effects of Hazing on Student
Self-Esteem: Study of Hazing
Practices in Greek Organizations in
a State College
Gabriel and Mangahas (2016).
Fiumefreddo et al.,( 201
4)
Republic Act 8049 has two main intentions
to wit: first is to declare the act of hazing as mala
prohibita or an unlawful act and second, to
regulate the practice of initiation rites among
student organizations, fraternities, sororities and
military training establishments.
Hazing among fraternities and sororities
has its impact on individuals’ self-esteem. The
paper proposes two hypotheses: first, individuals
who experienced hazing will have lower self-
esteem than those who have not experienced
hazing; and second, fraternities haze more than
sororities, based on personal observations in a
small state college.
The purpose of that law is not to prohibit
initiation rites but to regulate it.
It is very evident that initiation rites in
fraternities and sororities cannot be stopped by the
law because even the students ignore that hazing is
a crime and is punishable by the law. It is ideal for
PCCI to accredit all existing student organizations
operating inside the campus or any organization
that involves PCCI students to ensure that everyone
is following the mandate of RA 8049.
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TITLE AUTHORS FINDINGS RELATED TO THE STUDY
SUMMARY OF RELATED STUDIES

15. METHODOLOGY
Methodology and Sources of Data
This chapter presents the methods and
procedures used in gathering data, Research
Instrument, Local Research, sampling technique, and
statistical analysis method that will be used in this
study.
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16. METHODOLOGY
Research Desig n
This study will be using a descriptive-qualitative research
design. Descriptive design will allow the researchers to describe the
involvement of the students in fraternities and sororities existing in
PCCI. Further, this method involved description, recording, analysis,
and interpretation of the data from the conduct of survey
regarding the effects of being involved in fraternities and sororities
to the behavior of the students.
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17. METHODOLOGY
Respondents of the study
The researchers will be using the Slovin’s formula to
determine the sample size required for this study. Using 95%
confidence level, the researchers obtained 260 students from
the approximately 800 enrollees in Bachelor of Science in
Criminology program of Pili Capital College, Inc. to participate
in the investigation regarding the involvement of the students
in different fraternities and sororities.
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18. METHODOLOGY
Research Locale
Pili Capital College is situated in Barangay San Isidro, a private
school in the Pili district of Camarines Sur's third congressional district. This
school was chosen since it is known for producing registered criminologists
from in Camarines Sur from the past board exams. The researcher
considered the situation of the respondents so that this study became
meaningful in determining how students perceived fraternities and
sororities. Additionally, the school is located less than kilometers away from
Pili proper, making it accessible and efficient in data gathering.
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19. Preparation of the Questionnaire. The questionnaire was used as the
main instrument for gathering the needed data from the investigation. It was
supplemented by informal interviews and observations.
The researcher made the corresponding interpretation of the given
option range of the instrument used.
The Research Instrument
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20. The demographic of the respondents varies from age, gender, and are
from different sections and year levels. The questionnaires to be used will be
distributed to the respondents during class hours to make it convenient both for the
researchers and respondents. The researcher-made structured questionnaire was
designed to determine the perception of the students in different fraternities and
sororities and the implication of brotherhood and sisterhood organization to their
academic and social life.
On the challenges encountered that standardized questionnaires are not
suitable for the present study since students have different perceptions, it would be
challenging to gather reliable and valid results. The researcher considered using
previous studies as a guide for formulating the questionnaire for the present study.
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21. Page 21
The solution to be administered is that the researcher will be utilizing
researcher-made questionnaires containing questions based on the related
literature and studies. The said questionnaire were composed of twenty-nine
individual questions that will contain personal information, interest of the students
to fraternities and sororities, their perception towards fraternities and sororities, and
the implications of joining such brotherhood and sisterhood organizations.
The Table of Specification. The table of Specification was prepared to
organize and identify the test items to alleviate the validity and create a good
balance in the questionnaires to be used for the respondents in Pili Capital College,
Inc.

22. 1987Philippine Constitution, Article II, Section 13,(Phil.),
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
An act creating the National Youth Comission, Republic Act No. 8044 (1995),
(Phil.), https://nyc.gov.ph/republic-act-8044/#:~:text=An%20act%20
creating%20the%20National,Therefore%2C%20and%20for%20Other%
20Purposes.&text=Begun%20and%20held%20in%20Metro,nineteen%
20hundred%20and%20ninety%2Dfour.
Arce, G. (2012). The antisocial personality of fraternity and sorority members of the
University of Northern Philippines. Philippine E-Journals. https://ejournals.
ph/article.php?id=6967&fbclid=IwAR2k7qCB7_4LeP31GeW1Lp8lC
-xfHRl5GoTAcHzKaR5m0C2iui91-u_mAC8
Arnold, M. (2021). A Case Study Exploring the Influence of Fraternity and Sorority
Membership on Gender Identity Development. Higher Education Ph.D.
Dissertations. 96. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/he_diss/96
References
1987Philippine Constitution, Article XIII, Section 15,(Phil.),
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/
Page 22

23. Bawan, O. et al. (2017). Hazing and Organizational Tradition in a Higher
Education Institution in the Philippines: What Has the Law Got to Do with It?.
Open J ournal of Social Sciences.05. 1
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Fiumefreddo, A. (2014) The Effects of Hazing on Student Self-Esteem: Study
of Hazing Practices in Greek Organizations in a State College. The Ramapo
Journal of Law and Society, 59-86. https://www.ramapo.edu/law-journal/files/
2014/03/the-effects-of-hazing.pdf
Gabriel, A.G. and Mangahas, T.L.(2016) Revisiting the Anti-Hazing Law in
Selected Higher Education Institutions in Nueva Ecija, Philippines: A Policy
Review.Open Access Library J ournal,3,e31
77.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.11031
Gavilan, J. (2017). What you need to know about the anti-hazing law. Rappler.
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/183279-fast-facts-anti-hazing-law-
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Gonzales, C. (2022). Grade 12student dies in alleged hazing in Laguna. Inquirer.net.
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1571921/grade-12-student-dies-in-alleged-
hazing-in-laguna
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24. Hevel, M. et al. (2012). Do Fraternities and Sororities Enhance Socially Responsible
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Sarmiento, L. ( 2021). How fraternities started in the Philippines. Blogspot.com.
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people-have-a-problem-with-it/
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26. Thank
You!
Presenta tion by Dacillo, Richelle M.
July |2023
PILI CAPITAL COLLEGE INC.