2. Approaches to speaking
- Topic and cues
- Structuring talk
- Avoiding the talk talk loop
- Open questions
- Playing devil’s advocate
3. Fuency and Confidence aims
● Keys to getting a good discussion going
- Frame the discussion well
- Preparation time
- Do not interrupt the flow
- Specific problems are more productive than general
issues
- Role cards
- Buzz groups
- Break the rules
4. How to organise learners in speaking
tasks
- Make eye contact
- Hear clearly what the other person is
saying
- Be reasonably close together
- Do not stop the flow (fluency)
6. Different kinds of speaking
- Defined by the genre
- Purpose
- Setting
- Audience
- Responses
7. Approaches to writing
- Writing involves mental process
- Teachers should guide learners in the writing
process
- Learners can learn to become a better writer
by:
- being helped and encouraged
- become aware of the preparation process
8. Planning classroom writing work
- Introduce the main writing task
- Brainstorm ideas
- Focus on useful models
- Plan the text
- Get feedback
- Prepare drafts
- Edit
- Make it meaningful
9. Approaches to listening
- Give learners a clear purpose in listening
- Tasks should be realistic or useful
- It should avoid threatening
- Learners should have a clear aim in mind
- Set questions before play the recordings
- Check if learners have found the answers
10. The task-feeback circle
Lead- in Pre-task work Set clear task
Yes No Play recording or
learners read text
Could they do the task?
Conclude Feedback on task
11. Top-down and bottom-up
- Top - down
- Predict the structure, content
- Get a general impression of the messsage
- Bottom - up
- Fill in missing gaps word by word
12. Approaches to reading
- Read fast
- Skimming
- To get the gist of a passage
- Scanning
- Locate a specific piece of information
- Extensive reading
