Future soldier

THE TADEUSZ KOSCIUSZKO
MILITARY ACADEMY OF LAND FORCES

THE 21st CENTURY SOLDIER

mjr mgr Dariusz BECMER
Warszawa 21.09.2012


The 21st Century Soldier
1. The Beginnings.
2. The determinants of changes in
soldier’s equipment.
3. Soldier concept of selected NATO
member country.
4. Summary.


The 21st Century Soldier - beginnings
1984 – British Army Equipment Exhibition in Aldershot:

Assumptions:
Combat suit – made from breathable
fabric protecting against environment
(and CBR) with electrical warming
system;
Boots – protect against small mines;
Helmet – equipped with laser
rangefinder, image intensifier,
camcorder and display;
Weapon:
– light machine gun with grenade
launcher;
– two small rocket launchers
(at backpack);



1990 – Department of US Army created projekt SIPE (Soldier
Integrated Protective Ensemble). This is one of elements
SMP (Soldier Modernization Plan).


The SIPE system was composed of the following
subsystems and components:
 Integrated headgear subsystem - IHS – helmet with
display (HMD-helmet mounted display), which had
connection with the thermal sight on the weapon;
earphones; mikrophone; the HMD and communications of
the IHS were controlled by the helmet control unit
(HCU).
 Advanced clothing subsystem - ACS – clothing with the
microclimate conditioning, the load bearing component


 Weapon subsystem - WSS – M16A2, with prototype of
the thermal sight, laser aiming light, long range hearing
device;
 Microclimate conditioning subsystem - MCC – consisted
of blower providing cool air through Active Cooling Vest
(ACV) to upper parts of body;
 Individual soldier computer –carried in the LBC; provided
the soldier ability to use GPS, digital mapping for
navigation, position location and route planning, had
connection with video- and thermal-camera.


1994 – 14 NATO member countries signed treaty and
created LG/WG/3 (Land Group 3/Working Group 3).

NEW APPROACH:
The soldier equipment is not treated,
as a certain amount of autonomous elements, but
as The ENTIRETY – one SYSTEM.

Group LG/WG/3 had distinguished five basic elements
of the soldier system.


The 21st Century Soldier concept
- elements:
C4I:
(command, control,
comunication,
computer,
information)

LETHALITY MOBILITY
(uniform, (navigation, size
camouflage, and weigth of
ballistic protection) equipment)

FIRE LOGISTIC
EFFECTIVNESS: (maintenance,
(development of feeding, power
weapon and sights) supply)


2000 – LG3/WG3 was changed in topical group NAATG TG/1 SSI
(NATO Army Armaments Group, Topical Group I, Soldier System
Interoperability).
Tasks:
• creation of conditions to interoperability national systems;
• to determine the level, at which interoperability is real;
• simplification of information exchange between different projects through
creation data base;
• standardization procedures of tests and assessments of soldier equipment;
• implementation STANAGs to provide appropriate level of standardization;
• searching possibilities to adjust certain subsystems or components in different
projects.



2003 – creation Soldier Systems Standarization
Industrial Working Group.

Main task:
to raise level of standardization
of systems implemented by NATO member countries.



Determinants of
changes
in soldiers
equipment


Determinants of changes
• breakdown bipolar world and appearance of new
threats (terrorism, proliferation of mass destruction weapon, international
crime, migration without control, economic crises, religion and ethnic conflicts,
ecologic and elemental disasters, big scale catastrophes and technical
failures)
• changes of modern battlefield (asymmetric operations;
acceptable losses’ level, operations mainly in urban terain);
• development of information and communication
technology;
• creation concept of Network Centric Warfare;
• the new rule armed forces – wilder spectrum of
operations.


US Joint Vision 2020


Range of military operation
• large scale combat operation;
• peace support operation (conflict prevention, peace
enforcement, peacebuilding, peacemaking,
peacekeeping);
• humanitarian operation;
• counterterrorism and counterinsurgency;
• counterdrug;
• show of force/ raid/ strike;
• nation assistance;
• protection of shipping;
• civil authorities support.



Soldier concept of selected
NATO member country


Land Warrior


Land Warrior – Stryker Interoperable
Helmet Subsystem - HSS
C
A – eyepiece bolted to the helmet acts as a A

full-color computer interface;
B – mikrophon; B
F
C – over-the-ear headphones; D

Soldier Control Unit -SCU E

D – a computer "mouse"; used to toggle
G
among screens in the eyepiece
Weapon Subsystem - WSS
rifle 5,56 mm M-4
E – A laser rangefinder;
F – thermal sight;
G – videodigital camera.



Computer Subsystem - CSS
I – a computer runing the system;

Navigation Subsystem - NSS)
J – GPS to create maps, DRM (Dead
Reckoning Module);

CommsNet Radio Subsystem - CNRS
K – a multiband radio (K) for voice and
data communication;

Power Source Subsystem - PSS
H – a 12-hour lithium-ion battery pack

What a soldier can see in helmet mounted display?

1) Land Warrior's boot screen;
2) Location of friendly troops
represented by blue icons on digital
maps;


3) A drop-down menu (3) — here,
superimposed over a daytime video
feed from the rifle's camera;
4) A menu provides mission updates
and text-messaging capability;


5) and 6) The weapon's thermal sight
allows soldiers to scout terrain and
potential targets at any time of day—
or night.



A digital sight lets soldiers aim at enemies without exposing
themselves to danger.


Personal Network Future XXI Battle
Command
Battalion/Brigade and
Below (FBCB2) -
US Network Centric
system

SCU

Personal Area Network (PAN) consist of:
• SCU (soldier control unit)
• computer,
• radio,
• electronic and electrooptical devices
mounted on weapon and helmet.
• wires.

Stryker Interoperable Vehicle Kit,


Future Force Warrior
•Headgear Subsystem
•Combat Uniform Subsystem
•Weapon Subsystem
•Warfighter Physiological Status
Monitor Subsystem
•Microclimate Conditioning
Subsystem
•Power Subsystem
liquid body armour – many pockets in egzoskeleton – made from light
the uniform’s fabric being filled with composite elements mounted to
magnetorheological fluid, which soldier’s legs and arms (thank to this
consists of small iron particles solution increase overall lifting ability by
suspended in silicon oil 25 to 35 percent)


Future Force Warrior


Other programmes:
1993 - FELIN (Fantassin a Equipement et Liaisons Integrees) - France.
1994 - FIST (Future Integrated Soldier Technology ) – Great Britain
1995 - IdZ - Infanterist der Zukunft. - German
1995 - Land 125/Wundurra - Australia,
1999 - Soldato Futuro – Italy;
1999 - Combatiente Futuro - Spain.

Canada (Soldier Information REQuirements Technology Demonstration,
SIREQ-TD, Integrated Protectiwe Clothing and Eąuipment, IPCE),
Singapur (Adwanced Manworn Combat System, AMCS),
Nederlands (Dutch Digitised Soldier System, D2S2),
Norway (NORwegian Modular Arctic Network Soldier, NORMANS),
Sweden (MARKstrids Utrustad Soldat. MARCUS),
Belgium (Combat Clothing and Equipment),
Egypt (Egyptian Integrated Soldier System, IESS),
Izrael (ACOG),
RPA (African Warrior), and many others


Other programmes:

In Poland:
2007 – creation initial operational requirements by General
Staff for Advanced Individual Combat System called
TYTAN, (confirmed in September 2006 by polish MoD);
8 November 2010 – end of formulating assumption to project
ISW TYTAN.

The elements of ISW Tytan:
1 –composite helmet;
2 – the ballistic protective vest
(Maskpol);
3 – uniform made from non-flammable
fabric;
4 – night or thermal vision device
(Bumar Group);
5 – elektrooptical sights (Bumar Group);
6 – armheld control panel (WB
Electronics);
7 – radio (WB Electronics, Radmor);
8 – CPU cooperated with BMS
(Battlefield Management System) (WB
Electronics);
9 – new gas mask, better adjusted to
use weapon and sights.


- SUMMARY:
The purpose:
• to provide soldier situational awareness (knowledge
about area of responsibility, and location, activities and
intentions of enemy as well as our forces) in full spectrum
operation;

•to enhance soldier combat
capabilities and effectiveness;

•to provide the highest level
protection against both
enemy’s operations and
environment.


- SUMMARY:

The System provide the 21st soldier possibility of being part
of battlefield network, which allows their exchange essential
information and simultanously ensure survivability and
lethality not only on modern battlefield, but also in full
spectrum non-military operation.


References:
• Becmer D., American Conception of Future Soldier - Land Warrior i Future
Force Warrior, „Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL” 2009, nr 1(151).
• Becmer D., French Conception of Future Soldier , „Zeszyty Naukowe
WSOWL” 2008, nr 3 (149).
• Becmer D., German Conception of Future Soldier - Infanterist der Zukunft -
Erweitertes System, „Zeszyty Naukowe WSOWL” 2008, nr 4 (150).
• Bell K., Thales awarded stage one of FIST soldier systems contract, [online].
[dostęp: 08.09.2009]. Dostępny w Internecie: http://www.thalesgroup.com.
• Bonsor K., How the Future Force Warrior Will Work, [online]. [dostęp:
13.02.2009]. Dostępny w Internecie:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/ffw1.htm.
• Dubiel A., Land Warrior w Iraku i Kongresie, [w:] „Raport-wto” 2007, nr 9.
• Fiorenza N., Infanterist der Zukunft, [online]. [dostęp: 18.12.2009]. Dostępny
w Internecie: http://www.aviationweek.com.
My email: dbecmer@onet.eu
Phone number: 717658294


Thank you
for your attention

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