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Process Model versus PRPC Discovery Map

            by Declan Chellar
Discovery Maps According to Pega

• A Discovery Map is a flexible process mapping
  tool that captures a project's high level
  processing steps in business terms.
• Steps are color-coded to indicate a flow shape:
  •   Sub Process - Blue
  •   Human Based Step - Green
  •   Automated Step - Yellow
  •   Integration - Red
(Pega Developers Network article PRKB-26125)
An Example Process Model
An Example Process Model

Based on a real process
 for making payments
  against an account
  using a Credit Card.
An Example Process Model

 This diagram reveals
  the top-level of the
process from start to all
    possible ends.
An Example Process Model


Sub-process can equate
 to Sub-process shapes
  on a Discovery Map.
An Example Process Model

 But the nature of the
business trigger cannot
    be shown on a
    Discovery Map.
An Example Process Model


Nor can end results be
shown on a Discovery
        Map.
An Example Process Model


  And manual steps
cannot be shown on a
   Discovery Map.
An Example Process Model


Branch points cannot
  be modelled on a
   Discovery Map.
An Example Process Model


Not least when those
branch points reflect
  human choices.
An Example Process Model

  As a result, overall
process flow cannot be
    modelled in a
   Discovery Map.
An Example Process Model

  Consider the amount
of useful information in
 this top-level business
     process model.
An Example Process Model


  Then remove what
Discovery Maps cannot
  model at this level.
An Example Process Model

However, Discovery
 Maps represent
automated process
      flow.
An Example Process Model


  Whereas many top-
level processes are user
         driven.




                  What does
                   Customer
                  want me to
                   do next?
An Example Process Model

So the top level of the
  process cannot be
 modelled as a single
    Discovery Map




                  What does
                   Customer
                  want me to
                   do next?
An Example Process Model

   Each sub-process
 becomes a DM on its
  own, losing the top
level view inside PRPC.
An Example Process Model


Let’s take a look inside
    one of the sub-
       processes.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process
The “Take Payment” Sub-process


Let’s convert this sub-
    process into a
   Discovery Map.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

  Any User/System
   interactions are
represented by green
       shapes.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

  Any steps the System
   carries out without
input from the User are
         yellow.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

Except for steps where
the System integrates
     with another
system, which are red.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

 An understanding of
any manual steps is key
 to understanding the
    business need.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process


But a Discovery Map
cannot show manual
       steps.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process


 Nor can a Discovery
Map show end results.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process


Or branch points and
their alternate paths.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

A Discovery Map does
know the sequence of
 steps in the “Happy”
         path.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

          By virture of the
       sequence in which you
       place the steps on the
        Discovery Map itself.



                Check whether
Input Payment                   Submit payment    Display payment
                  duplicate
    Details                     request to Bank     confirmation
                  payment
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

 But since a Discovery
 Map does not know
about branch points or
   alternate flows…
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

        …it has no idea what
       the correct sequence
       of alternate steps is or
           where they fit.



                Check whether
Input Payment                     Submit payment    Display payment
                  duplicate
    Details                       request to Bank     confirmation
                  payment




                                Save payment               Display error
                                   details                   message
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

       So alternate steps are
       lumped together after
         a red divider on the
            Discovery Map.



                Check whether
Input Payment                   Submit payment    Display payment   Save payment   Display error
                  duplicate
    Details                     request to Bank     confirmation       details       message
                  payment
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

Let’s remind ourselves
   of the wealth of
  information in the
visual process model.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process


          Versus what the
        equivalent Discovery
         Map can show us.




                Check whether
Input Payment                   Submit payment    Display payment   Save payment   Display error
                  duplicate
    Details                     request to Bank     confirmation       details       message
                  payment
The “Take Payment” Sub-process




                Check whether
Input Payment                   Submit payment    Display payment   Save payment   Display error
                  duplicate
    Details                     request to Bank     confirmation       details       message
                  payment




                           “A Discovery Map is a flexible process
                        mapping tool that captures a project's high
                         level processing steps in business terms.”
                                 (Pega Developers Network)
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

                                                                     PRPC can automatically
                                                                      generate a Flow Rule
                                                                     from a Discovery Map.




                Check whether
Input Payment                   Submit payment    Display payment   Save payment   Display error
                  duplicate
    Details                     request to Bank     confirmation       details       message
                  payment
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

      Start                              Our Discovery Map
                                        would generate a Flow
                                            Rule like this.
 CapturePayment
     Details


                        Display Error
    Check for             Message
    Duplicate
    Payment


                           Save
Submit Payment           Payment
Request to Bank           Details




     Display
   Confirmation
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

      Start
                                        Notice the absence of
                                           branch points.
 CapturePayment
     Details


                        Display Error
    Check for             Message
    Duplicate
    Payment


                           Save
Submit Payment           Payment
Request to Bank           Details




     Display
   Confirmation
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

      Start                             And how the alternate
                                          flows are poorly
                                            represented.
 CapturePayment
     Details


                        Display Error
    Check for             Message
    Duplicate
    Payment


                           Save
Submit Payment           Payment
Request to Bank           Details




     Display
   Confirmation
The “Take Payment” Sub-process
     Start

                                                                    The draft Flow Rule we
                                                                     really need would be
CapturePayment
    Details                                                             more like this.

   Duplicate             Duplicate
   Payment

 Not Duplicate

  Immediate       Immediate          Submit Payment
   Payment                           Request to Bank

    Future
                                        Submit         Not Successful    Display Error
                                       Successful                          Message
     Save
   Payment                              Successful
    Details

                                        Display
                                      Confirmation
The “Take Payment” Sub-process
     Start
                                                                        But the DM cannot
                                                                        generate the actual
CapturePayment                                                            draft Flow Rule
    Details
                                                                              needed.
   Duplicate             Duplicate
   Payment

 Not Duplicate

  Immediate       Immediate          Submit Payment
   Payment                           Request to Bank

    Future
                                        Submit         Not Successful      Display Error
                                       Successful                            Message
     Save
   Payment                              Successful
    Details

                                        Display
                                      Confirmation
Recap

                                                                      The Discovery Map is
                                                                     supposed to model the
                                                                        business process.




                Check whether
Input Payment                   Submit payment    Display payment   Save payment   Display error
                  duplicate
    Details                     request to Bank     confirmation       details       message
                  payment
Recap


                                                                       But at best all it can
                                                                          model is this.




                Check whether
Input Payment                   Submit payment    Display payment   Save payment     Display error
                  duplicate
    Details                     request to Bank     confirmation       details         message
                  payment
Recap


        Instead of this.
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

      Start                               A Discovery Map is
                                        supposed to generate a
                                              Flow Rule.
 CapturePayment
     Details


                        Display Error
    Check for             Message
    Duplicate
    Payment


                           Save
Submit Payment           Payment
Request to Bank           Details




     Display
   Confirmation
The “Take Payment” Sub-process

      Start
                                        But the best it can do is
                                                 this.
 CapturePayment
     Details


                        Display Error
    Check for             Message
    Duplicate
    Payment


                           Save
Submit Payment           Payment
Request to Bank           Details




     Display
   Confirmation
Recap
     Start



                                                                        Instead of this.
CapturePayment
    Details


   Duplicate            Duplicate
   Payment

 Not Duplicate

  Immediate      Immediate           Submit Payment
   Payment                           Request to Bank

    Future
                                        Submit         Not Successful    Display Error
                                       Successful                          Message
     Save
   Payment                              Successful
    Details

                                        Display
                                      Confirmation
Recap

        When you go into your
         DCO sessions armed
             with this…
Recap
     Start

                                                                        …it takes only minutes
                                                                         to produce this Flow
CapturePayment
    Details                                                                 Rule manually.

   Duplicate            Duplicate
   Payment

 Not Duplicate

  Immediate      Immediate           Submit Payment
   Payment                           Request to Bank

    Future
                                        Submit         Not Successful        Display Error
                                       Successful                              Message
     Save
   Payment                              Successful
    Details

                                        Display
                                      Confirmation
Discovery Maps in Reality

• A Discovery Map is NOT flexible because it
  cannot model branch points or alternate
  flows.
• Because DM shapes indicate Flow Rule
  shapes, a DM does NOT model in business
  terms, but in PRPC implementation terms.
• A DM can only model what is to be
  implemented in PRPC, so does NOT model the
  entire business process.
Recommendation

• If you want to document business process
  within PRPC:
  1. Model the process using BPMN before your Pega
     project starts
  2. Build your Flow Rules manually based on the
     process models (it only takes minutes if your
     models are robust)
  3. Attach the process model to the relevant Flow
     Rule (that is DCO too, you know)
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Process Model versus PRPC Discovery Map

  • 1. Process Model versus PRPC Discovery Map by Declan Chellar
  • 2. Discovery Maps According to Pega • A Discovery Map is a flexible process mapping tool that captures a project's high level processing steps in business terms. • Steps are color-coded to indicate a flow shape: • Sub Process - Blue • Human Based Step - Green • Automated Step - Yellow • Integration - Red (Pega Developers Network article PRKB-26125)
  • 4. An Example Process Model Based on a real process for making payments against an account using a Credit Card.
  • 5. An Example Process Model This diagram reveals the top-level of the process from start to all possible ends.
  • 6. An Example Process Model Sub-process can equate to Sub-process shapes on a Discovery Map.
  • 7. An Example Process Model But the nature of the business trigger cannot be shown on a Discovery Map.
  • 8. An Example Process Model Nor can end results be shown on a Discovery Map.
  • 9. An Example Process Model And manual steps cannot be shown on a Discovery Map.
  • 10. An Example Process Model Branch points cannot be modelled on a Discovery Map.
  • 11. An Example Process Model Not least when those branch points reflect human choices.
  • 12. An Example Process Model As a result, overall process flow cannot be modelled in a Discovery Map.
  • 13. An Example Process Model Consider the amount of useful information in this top-level business process model.
  • 14. An Example Process Model Then remove what Discovery Maps cannot model at this level.
  • 15. An Example Process Model However, Discovery Maps represent automated process flow.
  • 16. An Example Process Model Whereas many top- level processes are user driven. What does Customer want me to do next?
  • 17. An Example Process Model So the top level of the process cannot be modelled as a single Discovery Map What does Customer want me to do next?
  • 18. An Example Process Model Each sub-process becomes a DM on its own, losing the top level view inside PRPC.
  • 19. An Example Process Model Let’s take a look inside one of the sub- processes.
  • 20. The “Take Payment” Sub-process
  • 21. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Let’s convert this sub- process into a Discovery Map.
  • 22. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Any User/System interactions are represented by green shapes.
  • 23. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Any steps the System carries out without input from the User are yellow.
  • 24. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Except for steps where the System integrates with another system, which are red.
  • 25. The “Take Payment” Sub-process An understanding of any manual steps is key to understanding the business need.
  • 26. The “Take Payment” Sub-process But a Discovery Map cannot show manual steps.
  • 27. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Nor can a Discovery Map show end results.
  • 28. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Or branch points and their alternate paths.
  • 29. The “Take Payment” Sub-process A Discovery Map does know the sequence of steps in the “Happy” path.
  • 30. The “Take Payment” Sub-process By virture of the sequence in which you place the steps on the Discovery Map itself. Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation payment
  • 31. The “Take Payment” Sub-process But since a Discovery Map does not know about branch points or alternate flows…
  • 32. The “Take Payment” Sub-process …it has no idea what the correct sequence of alternate steps is or where they fit. Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation payment Save payment Display error details message
  • 33. The “Take Payment” Sub-process So alternate steps are lumped together after a red divider on the Discovery Map. Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment Save payment Display error duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation details message payment
  • 34. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Let’s remind ourselves of the wealth of information in the visual process model.
  • 35. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Versus what the equivalent Discovery Map can show us. Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment Save payment Display error duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation details message payment
  • 36. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment Save payment Display error duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation details message payment “A Discovery Map is a flexible process mapping tool that captures a project's high level processing steps in business terms.” (Pega Developers Network)
  • 37. The “Take Payment” Sub-process PRPC can automatically generate a Flow Rule from a Discovery Map. Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment Save payment Display error duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation details message payment
  • 38. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Start Our Discovery Map would generate a Flow Rule like this. CapturePayment Details Display Error Check for Message Duplicate Payment Save Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Details Display Confirmation
  • 39. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Start Notice the absence of branch points. CapturePayment Details Display Error Check for Message Duplicate Payment Save Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Details Display Confirmation
  • 40. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Start And how the alternate flows are poorly represented. CapturePayment Details Display Error Check for Message Duplicate Payment Save Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Details Display Confirmation
  • 41. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Start The draft Flow Rule we really need would be CapturePayment Details more like this. Duplicate Duplicate Payment Not Duplicate Immediate Immediate Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Future Submit Not Successful Display Error Successful Message Save Payment Successful Details Display Confirmation
  • 42. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Start But the DM cannot generate the actual CapturePayment draft Flow Rule Details needed. Duplicate Duplicate Payment Not Duplicate Immediate Immediate Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Future Submit Not Successful Display Error Successful Message Save Payment Successful Details Display Confirmation
  • 43. Recap The Discovery Map is supposed to model the business process. Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment Save payment Display error duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation details message payment
  • 44. Recap But at best all it can model is this. Check whether Input Payment Submit payment Display payment Save payment Display error duplicate Details request to Bank confirmation details message payment
  • 45. Recap Instead of this.
  • 46. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Start A Discovery Map is supposed to generate a Flow Rule. CapturePayment Details Display Error Check for Message Duplicate Payment Save Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Details Display Confirmation
  • 47. The “Take Payment” Sub-process Start But the best it can do is this. CapturePayment Details Display Error Check for Message Duplicate Payment Save Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Details Display Confirmation
  • 48. Recap Start Instead of this. CapturePayment Details Duplicate Duplicate Payment Not Duplicate Immediate Immediate Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Future Submit Not Successful Display Error Successful Message Save Payment Successful Details Display Confirmation
  • 49. Recap When you go into your DCO sessions armed with this…
  • 50. Recap Start …it takes only minutes to produce this Flow CapturePayment Details Rule manually. Duplicate Duplicate Payment Not Duplicate Immediate Immediate Submit Payment Payment Request to Bank Future Submit Not Successful Display Error Successful Message Save Payment Successful Details Display Confirmation
  • 51. Discovery Maps in Reality • A Discovery Map is NOT flexible because it cannot model branch points or alternate flows. • Because DM shapes indicate Flow Rule shapes, a DM does NOT model in business terms, but in PRPC implementation terms. • A DM can only model what is to be implemented in PRPC, so does NOT model the entire business process.
  • 52. Recommendation • If you want to document business process within PRPC: 1. Model the process using BPMN before your Pega project starts 2. Build your Flow Rules manually based on the process models (it only takes minutes if your models are robust) 3. Attach the process model to the relevant Flow Rule (that is DCO too, you know)