2. Energy
• Energy is the capacity to do work and is
required for life processes. An energy
resource is something that can produce heat,
power life, move objects, or produce
electricity.
• Matter that stores energy is called a fuel.
3. Energy Sources
There are 5 fundamental sources of energy:
• Nuclear fusion in the Sun (solar energy)
• Gravity generated by the Earth & Moon.
• Nuclear fission reactions.
• Energy in the interior of the Earth.
• Energy stored in chemical bonds.
4. Nuclear fusion in the
Sun (solar energy)
Gravity generated by
the Earth & Moon.
7. Types of Energy
• Non-renewable
Sources of Energy
Or Conventional
energy sources
• Renewable Sources
of Energy or Non
conventional energy
sources
8. Non-renewable Sources of Energy
Or Conventional energy sources
Non-renewable resources are found in fixed amounts and are
being used faster than they can be replenished.
• Non-renewable resources are those found inside the earth,
and they took millions of years to form. These include the
fossil fuels, oil, natural gas, and coal and nuclear energy.
Today, close to 84% of the total amount of energy used
globally comes from fossil fuels.
9. Non-renewable Sources of Energy Or Conventional
energy sources
Categories of Non-Renewable Resources
Fossil Fuels
• Fossil fuels are derived from organic matter which has
been trapped between layers of sediments within the
Earth for millions of years.
• The organic matter, typically plants, have
decomposed and compressed over time, leaving what
are known as fossil fuel deposits.
• These deposits, and the materials produced from
them, tend to be highly combustible, making them an
ideal energy source.
• They are difficult to obtain as they are typically
retrieved through drilling or mining, but fossil fuels
are worth the effort for the sheer amount of energy
they produce.
10. Crude Oil/Petroleum
• Crude oil is a non-renewable resource
that builds up in liquid form between the
layers of the Earth's crust.
• It is retrieved by drilling deep into the
ground and pumping the liquid out. The
liquid is then refined and used to create
many different products.
• Crude oil is a very versatile fuel and is
used to produce things like plastics,
artificial food flavourings, heating oil,
petrol, diesel, jet fuel, and propane.
• The top three oil-producing countries
are Russia, Saudi Arabia, and the United
States.
11. Gas
• Natural gasses gather below the Earth's crust and, like
crude oil, must be drilled for and pumped out.
• Methane and ethane are the most common types of gasses
obtained through this process.
• These gasses are most commonly used in home heating as
well as gas ovens and grills.
• Russia, Iran, and Qatar are the countries with the largest
recorded natural gas reserves.
12. Coal
• Coal is the last of the major fossil
fuels. Created by compressed
organic matter, it is solid like rock
and is obtained via mining.
• Out of all countries, China
produces the most coal by far.
• According to the Statistical Review
of World Energy, published in
2011 by BP, they produced an
astounding 48.3% (3,240 million
tons) of the world's coal in 2010,
followed by the United States who
produced a mere 14.8%.
• Coal is most typically used in home
heating and the running of power
plants.
13. Nuclear Fuels
• The other form of non-renewable resource used to
produce energy, nuclear fuels, is primarily obtained
through the mining and refining of uranium ore.
• Uranium is a naturally occurring element found within
the Earth's core.
• Most uranium deposits occur in small quantities which
miners gather together, refine, and purify.
• Once gathered, the uranium is brought together and
compounded into rods.
• The rods are then submersed into tanks of water.
• When it reaches critical mass, uranium begins to break
down and release energy which heats the water it is
immersed in. This is known as "fission."
• Nuclear fuels are key to maintaining the Earth's
environment since they are the cleanest of all non-
renewable resource
14. Renewable Sources of Energy or Non
conventional energy
Solar energy
• One of the most popular types of renewable
energy is solar power. Solar energy comes
from the sun, which supplies our entire planet
with the energy we need to survive. Using
solar panels, we can harvest energy directly
from sunlight and convert it to electricity
that powers our homes and businesses. Solar
energy can also be used to produce hot water
or charge battery systems.
• Solar energy has benefits both for your bank
account and for the environment. The cost of
solaris constantly dropping, and installing
solar on your home will almost always save
you money over the lifetime of your
installation. On top of that, producing solar
energy doesn’t pollute or release fossil fuels,
which means you can dramatically reduce
your environmental impact by installing solar.
15. Wind power
• Another type of renewable energy that we
interact with every day is the wind. When
you feel the wind, you’re simply feeling air
moving from place to place due to the
uneven heating of Earth’s surface. We can
capture the power of wind using massive
turbines, which generate electricity when
they spin.
• While not always a practical option for an
individual homeowner, wind power is
becoming increasingly popular for utility-
scale applications. Massive wind farms
spanning many square miles can be seen
around the world. Like solar energy, wind
power is essentially pollution-free and is a
growing and important renewable energy
source supplying electricity to grids around
the world.
16. Hydroelectricity
• We can produce renewable energy from moving water just like
we can from moving air. Energy is generated when moving water
runs through a turbine, spinning it to produce electricity. This
often happens at large dams or waterfalls, where water drops
significantly.
• Many renewable energy sources have yet to make a significant
impact on the overall world electricity mix, but hydropower is
already a major player. In addition to massive projects like the
Hoover Dam, hydroelectricity can be produced through smaller
projects, like underwater turbines and lower dams on small rivers
and streams.
• Hydropower is also a non-polluting energy source, as there are
no emissions generated from hydroelectric facilities. However,
hydropower does have a greater environmental impact than
some other renewable sources of energy, because they can change
water levels, currents, and migration paths for fish and other
freshwater life.
17.
18. Geothermal energy
• Earth has a massive energy source contained within it. Heat
trapped when our planet formed, combined with heat
generated from radioactive decay in rocks deep beneath the
crust, results in a massive amount of geothermal heat
energy. Sometimes that heat escapes in large amounts all
at once, which we see as volcanic eruptions on the surface.
• We can capture and use geothermal energy by using steam
from heated water to spin a turbine. In a geothermal
spring system, water is pumped below ground. Once it is
heated, it rises back to the surface in the form of steam
and spins a turbine to generate electricity.
• Additionally, geothermal heat can be used directly to
provide heating or cooling to buildings. With this
technology, known as a ground-source heat pump, a fluid is
pumped below the ground surface to be heated or cooled,
where the temperature is constant year-round at about 50
degrees.
19.
20. Biomass
• One last example of renewable energy is biomass. Biomass
energy refers to any energy produced from recently living
organic matter like plants or animals. Biomass is a
renewable resource because plants can be regrown
relatively quickly, and they grow using renewable energy
from the sun. Fuels like ethanol and biodiesel (both used for
cars and trucks) also come from biomass.
• Biomass fuels are also considered to be “carbon-neutral,”
meaning they don’t put any extra carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere. This is assumed to be true because, in
principle, as long as new plants are planted and grown
whenever plants are harvested and burned for energy,
those new plants will take up the carbon produced by
combustion, leading to no extra carbon added to the
atmosphere. However, regrowing plant life takes time, and
the degree to which biomass fuel is truly carbon-neutral is
up for debate.
