Travail réalisé dans le cadre du projet Erasmus+, Migrations et invasions, héritage partagé, opportunités futures. Présentation de la diversité de la population française

1. Migrations and Invasions: shared heritage, future opportunities
An Erasmus+ project
Introduction to the diversity of the French population

4. I- In France, there is no minorities no etnics groups,
only citizens

5. “France shall be an
indivisible, secular,
democratic and social
Republic.
It shall ensure the equality
of all citizens before the law,
without distinction of origin,
race or religion. It shall
respect all beliefs.”
French Constitution, 1958
Article 1

6. What does that mean ?
The notion of ethnic groups or races
in France has no legal existence.
You won't find in France ethnic
statistics.
Why ?
French revolutionaries defined a
universalist definition of citizenship.
Colour, origins don't matter !
During the second World War, the
colloborator French government created
a special status for juden citizens, the
first step before their deportation and
extermination in nazi concentration
camps. A very bad memory.
Today the idea of creating ethnic
statistics is an irrelevant issue

7. Anyway some changes appears
recently.....
- Ethnic diversities are now more
recognised due to the European
Charter for Regional or Minority
Languages, which contributes to
recognise ethnic groups in Europe.
And France is in Europe !
- some statistics can be made by
observing different information such as:
- the country of origin
- the languages spoken,
- the declared ethnic affiliations
- the main qualities, that unfortunatly
can support discrimination: skin colour,
dress, accent, or signs correlated with
a religious or ethnic affiliation.

8. II- Our citizens have various origins
The language of the Republic shall be
French.
The national emblem shall be the blue,
white and red tricolour flag.
The national anthem shall be La
Marseillaise.
The maxim of the Republic shall be
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” .
French Constitution, 1958, Article 2
There is only one official language in
France, French.
Nevertheless, there are regional
languages that show us that how various
is French population.

9. The main difference in French population: the North and South parts of of our country.
The ways of life (an the weather) is not the same, and the French accents are numerous !
And there are various languages still in use, coming from the « Oc languages »

10. There are also other
languages and people in
France
We live in Britanny, and
our native language one
hundred year ago was
not French.
Other languages and or
people :
Bretons
Basques
Flemish
Lorrains
Alsacians
Soyards
Corsicans
Catalans
BREST

12. Did you get it ?
French are not all living en Paris or en la
Côte-d'Azur !

13. And don't forget the French citizen over the seas !

14. Kassav, le célèbre groupe antillais,
porte-parole du zouk, un des rares
orchestres français écouté dans toutes
les Caraïbes, jusqu’en Afrique
Morgane Soucramanien, miss
reunion in 2019
France is present since the
16th
century in Antilla
(Atlantic), and in la
Réunion (Indian Ocean)

15. France is also a piece of South America,
Guyana.

16. And France is present in the
Pacific ocean since the in
18th
century, in Polynesia....

17. And in New Caledonia (« near » Australia)....
where and independantist movment exists.

18. III- France is a country of immigration since the XIXth century
"Immigrants"= all persons of foreign nationality born outside France.
In 2020, = 6.8 million immigrants living in France (10,2 % of the total population)
4.3 million were foreign nationals
2.5 million had acquired French citizenship.

19. End of the 19th century, beginning of 20th
century :
- natality was not high enough,
- France needed workers to sustain its industrial growth
=> large numbers of immigrants came mainly from Poland, Belgium, Portugal, Italy, and
Spain.
Kazimierz Zgórecki, Polish butcher shop in France, photography,
1930's, © Musée national de l'histoire et des cultures de
l'immigration
A polish gimnastic society in 1910 in
France (

20. Italian migrants in Marseille, 1903 (Vanity Fair)
Italian Shoe-shiners in Marseille, 1903
More than 1,2 million Italian migrants came to France (1860-1930)
Between 1850 and 1914
about 4.3 million foreigners
entered France,
And between World Wars I
and II nearly 3 million.
After the first World War,
significant numbers of
workers from French
colonies came to
France, from North Africa.

21. Agricultural worker in France around 1939 Religious celebration of aïd el Kebir, in the Paris
mosque on the 22sd of February 1937

22. In 1939, France received Spanish refugees at the end of the Spanish Civil war

23. Nearly 500 000 Spaniards crossed the border into France in 1939.
Most of them, for being socialists, communists, were detained in makeshift internment camps
(a dark chapter of French history)
Spanish refugees, mainly republicans , guarded by French troops at a camp on Argeles beach in 1939.
Photograph: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images

24. After World War II, with the econonmic expansion, immigration again reached a high
level.
- Portugal, Italy, and Spain continued
to be significant contributors,
- but recent immigrant streams came
from North Africa, Algeria, Morocco
and Tunisia.
North African workers in 1950, Puteaux, Musée national de
l'histoire et des cultures de l'immigration,
Pierre Boulat. Le café de la rue Maître Albert, 1955.
© Cité nationale de l’histoire de l’immigration

25. 1974 : economic downturn => the government began to restrict immigration.
In the early 21st century the net annual increase of population from legal immigration
averaged little more than 50,000 people.
Depuis les années 1970, la politique migratoire provoque le débat. Fermeté pour la droite, ouverture (avec prudence)
pour la gauche. Ici, en 2007, manifestion de travailleurs sans-papiers.

26. IV- Integration of foreigners in France : success stories and fails.
All together As one for
France

27. JO de Tokyo, Clarisse Agbégnénou, Axel Clerget, Teddy Riner et Sarah-Léonie Cysique and
Romane Dicko won the gold medal in the final of the mixed event.
Born in Rennes (France)
Her father was born in
Togo (Africa)
Born in Saint-Dizier
(France)
Born in Point-à-Pitre
Guadeloupe, French
Antilla

28. The Pantheon is a place where France honors women and men who promoted
French republican valors. The rest of Josephine Baker, born American but
became French, is symbolic of French capacity to integrate.