1. TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE
WATERS -
SUGAR INDUSTRY
PREPARED BY:
AQUIB NASIR RAZI USN 2SD11CV009
DIBYAJYOTI SARMA USN 2SD11CV020
NEERAJ KUMAR USN 2SD11CV051

2. CONTENTS
 History
 Sugar producing countries
 How sugar is made..
 Sugar industry effluent characteristics.
 Flow chart for treating wastewaters of a
sugar mill.
 A case study of Sir Shadi Sugar Mill Ltd.
 References.

3. HISTORY
YEAR EVENTS
Many thousand
years ago(a firm
date unknown)
The extraction of sugar cane juice from the sugar
cane plant.
Around 5th
century A.D.
Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar by the
time of the Imperial Guptas.
By 6th century
A.D.
Sugar cultivation and processing had reached
Persia.
Beginning in 16th
century.
The spread of cultivation and manufacture of cane
sugar to the West Indies and tropical parts of the
Americas.
19th and 20th
century.
The development of beet sugar, high fructose corn
syrup and other sweeteners.

4. SUGAR PRODUCING COUNTRIES

5. HOW SUGAR IS MADE
 Approximately 70% is produced from sugarcane.
 The remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet.
SUGAR BEET
SUGARCANE

6.  The crop is harvested mechanically or by hand,
chopped into lengths and conveyed rapidly to the
processing plant.
 It is milled and the juice extracted is then clarified
with lime and heated to kill enzymes. The resulting
thin syrup is concentrated in a series of
evaporators, after which further water is removed
by evaporation in vacuum containers.
 The resulting supersaturated solution is seeded
with sugar crystals and the sugar crystallizes out
and is separated from the fluid and dried.
 The crystals of raw sugar have a sticky brown
coating and either can be used as they are or can
be bleached by sulfur dioxide or can be treated in
a carbonatation process to produce a whiter
product.

7. POLLUTION CHARACERISTICS
 Moderate BOD (300- 2000 mg/l)
 High COD (600- 4400 mg/l)
 High volatile solids (400- 2200 mg/l)
 Low pH ( 4.6 – 7.1)
SUGAR INDUSTRY EFFLUENT
CHARACTERISTICS

8. SUGGESTED TREATMENTS
 Anaerobic treatment using Digestors or Lagoons is
found to be very effective and
economical.(However it needs to be preceded by
Screens and Grease traps.)
 Where sufficient land is available, two stage
biological treatments with Anaerobic lagoons
followed by Aerobic stabilisation ponds gives very
good effluents for Indian conditions .

9. FLOWCHART FOR TREATING WASTEWATERS OF A
SUGAR MILL

10. FLOWCHART FOR TREATING WASTEWATERS OF A
SUGAR MILL
• It is required when the
discharge rate is not
uniform or continuous.
• Equalization consist of
holding the waste for
some pre-determined
time, so as to achieve an
effluent of fairly uniform
characteristics.

11. ANAEROBIC LAGOON

12. AERATED LAGOON

13. AEROBIC PONDS ANAEROBIC PONDS
• Shallow earthen basins.
• Depths-
0.5 to 1.5 ft. ( to maximize
production of algae)
5 ft. ( to maximize amount
of oxygen).
• Conversion efficiencies for
BOD5 of up to 95 % are
obtainable.
• Flowchart for treating
wastewaters of a sugar mill
• Deep earthen basins.
• Depths-
30 ft.(to maintain anaerobic
conditions)
• Conversion efficiencies for
BOD5 of up to 70 % are
obtainable.
• Flowchart for treating
wastewaters of a sugar mill

14. CASE STUDY: SIR SHADI SUGAR MILL LTD.
 Located in Muzaffarnager district of Western Uttar Pradesh .
 During 2011-12 the treated and untreated effluent sample
were collected and brought into laboratory for studying
Physicochemical parameters like Color, temperature, pH, DO,
BOD,COD, TDS, TS, TSS, Chlorides, Sulphate and Oil &
grease, heavy metals seed germination pattern of some
important cereal crops.
 Untreated sugar mill effluent was found to have high contents
of COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, and low contents of DO.
 The high concentration of untreated effluents were found to
inhibit the germination of cereal crops.
 According to the permissible limit suggested by the Bureau of
Indian Standards (BIS) the untreated effluents is toxic to plant
so it is not permissible for irrigation.
 The treated effluents of sugar industry were not highly polluted
and they satisfied the BIS Indian standards values.

15. H2S FLASHPOINT – 500⁰ FAHRENHEIT
END OF CIGARETTE BURNS AT 1400⁰ F

16. CONCLUSION
 Untreated effluent exhibits high COD, BOD,
TDS contents which could be toxic to plants
and aquatic life.
 Hence it needs to be treated based on the
composition of the waste and its volume.

17. REFERENCES
 Wastewater Engineering: Metcalf & Eddy
 Sewage disposal and air pollution engineering:
S.K.Garg( Khanna Publishers)
 Waste Water Treatment : M.N.RAO and A.K.DATTA
(Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.)
 “A Comparative Study of Sugar Mill Treated and
Untreated Effluent- A Case Study” : Weqar A.
SIDDIQUI And MUHAMMAD WASEEM,Oriental Journal
Of Chemistry
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_lagoon
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerated_lagoon
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIgavNuBRRA