This document defines disease and classifies major types as infectious, deficiency, hereditary, and physiological. It then focuses on three global diseases: HIV/AIDS, cancer, and coronavirus. For each, it discusses causes, symptoms, prevention methods, and how they spread. HIV/AIDS damages the immune system and can lead to AIDS. Cancer is caused by abnormal cell growth. Coronaviruses cause illnesses like COVID-19 with symptoms like fever and cough. Prevention strategies for all three include avoiding risk factors, practicing good hygiene, and social distancing. The document also briefly mentions some other diseases.
2. Definition
Disorder of structure or function in a
human, animal, or plant, especially one
that produces specific symptoms or that
affects a specific location and is not
simply a direct result of physical injury.
3. 1. Infectious diseases
2. Deficiency diseases
3. Hereditary diseases (including both genetic
diseases and non-genetic hereditary diseases)
4. Physiological diseases.
Diseases can also be classified in other ways, such as
1. Communicable versus
2. Non-communicable diseases.
Types of Diseases There are four
main types of disease:
7. Progression to AIDS
HIV typically turns into AIDS in about 8 to 10
years. When AIDS occurs, your immune system
has been severely damaged.
8. The signs and symptoms of AIDS
Sweats
Chills
Recurring fever
Chronic diarrhea
Swollen lymph
glands
Persistent white
spots or unusual
lesions on your
tongue or in your
mouth
Persistent,
unexplained fatigue
Weakness
Weight loss
Skin rashes or
bumps
9. Causes: How HIV spreads
Sex
Sharing Needles
Blood Transfusion
Pregnancy
Delivery
Breast Feeding
10. HIV/AIDS: Prevention
Use treatment as prevention (TasP).
Use post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) if you've been exposed
to HIV
Use a new condom every time you have sex.
Consider preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
Tell your sexual partners if you have HIV
Use a clean needle.
If you're pregnant, get medical care right away
Consider male circumcision.
12. HIV/AIDS
Cancer refers to any one of a large number of
diseases characterized by the development of
abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and
have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal
body tissue.
13. The signs and symptoms of CANCER
Fatigue
Lump or area of thickening
that can be felt under the
skin
Weight changes, including
unintended loss or gain
Skin changes, such as
yellowing, darkening or
redness of the skin, sores
that won't heal, or changes
to existing moles
Changes in bowel or
bladder habits
Persistent cough or trouble
breathing
Difficulty swallowing
Hoarseness
Persistent indigestion or
discomfort after eating
Persistent, unexplained
muscle or joint pain
Persistent, unexplained
fevers or night sweats
Unexplained bleeding or
bruising
14. Causes: How HIV spreads
Cancer is caused by changes (mutations)
to the DNA within cells.
15. CANCER: Prevention
Stop smoking.
Avoid excessive sun exposure.
Eat a healthy diet.
Exercise most days of the week.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Drink alcohol in moderation, if you choose to drink.
Schedule cancer screening exams.
Ask your doctor about immunizations.
17. Coronavirus
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can
cause illnesses such as the common cold,
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
19. Early symptoms of COVID-19
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing
Muscle aches
Chills
Sore throat
Runny nose
Headache
Chest pain
20. The risk of serious illness from COVID-
19 include:
Serious heart diseases, such as heart failure, coronary artery
disease or cardiomyopathy
Cancer
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Type 2 diabetes
Severe obesity
Chronic kidney disease
Sickle cell disease
Weakened immune system from solid organ transplants
21. Other conditions may increase the risk of
serious illness, such as:
Asthma
Liver disease
Chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis
Brain and nervous system conditions
Weakened immune system from bone marrow transplant, HIV or some
medications
Type 1 diabetes
High blood pressure
22. Prevention
Avoid large events and mass gatherings.
Avoid close contact (within about 6 feet, or 2 meters) with anyone who is sick or
has symptoms.
Stay home as much as possible and keep distance between yourself and others
(within about 6 feet, or 2 meters), especially if you have a higher risk of serious
illness. Keep in mind some people may have COVID-19 and spread it to others,
even if they don't have symptoms or don't know they have COVID-19.
Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, or use an
alcohol-based hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.
Cover your face with a cloth face mask in public spaces, such as the grocery store,
where it's difficult to avoid close contact with others, especially if you're in an area
with ongoing community spread. Only use nonmedical cloth masks — surgical
masks and N95 respirators should be reserved for health care providers.
23. Prevention
Cover your mouth and nose with your elbow or a tissue when you
cough or sneeze. Throw away the used tissue. Wash your hands right
away.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
Avoid sharing dishes, glasses, towels, bedding and other household
items if you're sick.
Clean and disinfect high-touch surfaces, such as doorknobs, light
switches, electronics and counters, daily.
Stay home from work, school and public areas if you're sick, unless
you're going to get medical care. Avoid public transportation, taxis
and ride-sharing if you're sick.