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- 1. A Roadmap for Public Utility Networks Dimitri De Jonghe @DimitriDeJonghe Research, co-founder - Ocean Protocol Co-founder BigchainDB, IPDB, ascribe, Interledger, Spherity
- 2. Communication Economy Community Knowledge Energy & Materials optimists realists pessimists enablers Computing Intelligence Public funding For paradigm shift Moore’s law Roadmap for Public Utilities
- 3. Our Economy = Trusted Institutions $ ping www.google.com < PING 172.217.17.36
- 5. Our Economy = Trusted Institutions $ ping www.google.com < PING 172.217.17.36 Trust Tax
- 7. Centralized Economies from Silo-ing Resources I’ll only open my data set if I gain insights and/or profit from it!
- 9. But… Provenance & Attribution
- 10. Here’s your personal data We “forgot” an ownership layer...
- 11. The tragedy of the commons is an economic theory of a situation within a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting or spoiling that resource through their collective action.
- 12. Users Applications B2C Service $$$ Services Consumer goods E-commerce … ConsequencesAppusage Datagathering&serviceprovision Datatrading&selling ▪ Lack of data control and multiple versions of “you” on different databases ▪ No right to be forgotten ▪ No user share in ad revenue Individual How to farm Digital Me (d-Me)?
- 13. Where’s my personal data?
- 15. Do you need the middlemen? Can you take control? Is there an incentive to collaborate?
- 16. 2008 - Bitcoin founder(s) “unknown” - 2017: 107B$ Market Cap, 27TWh, 7 transactions/sec
- 24. Adding a layer of digital Trust Application Application Information Trust by Consensus Information Hardware Hardware Internet of information / web 2.0 Internet of value / blockchain / web3.0
- 25. Consensus as a Service Coins & wallets > transactions > blocks > mining > chain
- 26. The longest chain wins… or forks
- 27. Do you need the middlemen? Peer to peer - decentralized Can you take control? Self-sovereign identities Is there an incentive to collaborate? Mechanism design for tokens
- 29. Blockchain Superpower: Get people to do stuff By rewarding with tokens
- 30. Bitcoin goal: maximize security of network Token rewards if: run compute to secure network
- 31. Economic Incentive for Bitcoin Objective: Maximize security of network • Where “security” = compute power • Therefore, super expensive to roll back changes to the transaction log E(Ri ) α Hi * T E() = expected value # tokens (BTC) dispensed each block block rewards hash power of actor = contribution to “security”
- 32. Bitcoin goal: maximize security of network Token rewards if: run compute to secure network TerraHashes / sec
- 33. Ethereum: The World Computer
- 34. “Be your own bank” “Value store for e-gold” “Tokenize Networks” “An ICO launch platform” & cryptokitties ETH: Blockchain 2.0BTC: Blockchain 1.0
- 35. Filecoin: A Decentralized Storage NetworkFilecoin - a Decentralized File Storage Network
- 36. Decentralize the Reward Function (& Tokenize) Proof Stake Reputation Attention ...
- 37. Public Utility Networks => Blockchain 3.0? Public Permissionless, rent-free Token is the reward for good behavior > self-sustaining Utility The service delivered is useful work Proof of X drives down margin cost to produce X Network Communities: Horizontal > vertical Building blocks are co-owned, vision is shared
- 38. Proof of ... Resource / Service / Utility Block/Client Reward (aka Token) Proof / Stake Token Hashing Power Transactions Business Logic Compute Storage Knowledge Privacy AI/ML training/testing Existence Identity Burn Roaming Bandwidth ... PROTOCOL
- 39. From Community to Utility Pooling Prediction/Knowledge High Perf. Compute Data & IoT
- 40. From Community to Utility Prediction Markets Dec. Compute Data & IoT MarketsKnowledge Pools Com pute Pools DataPools
- 42. Decentralized Me (de-Me): Personal & Private Data
- 43. ?DATA Blockchain Self-sovereignty Attribution Commons Data + Ownership[Blockchain] = self-sovereignty
- 44. But… Provenance & Attribution
- 45. Provenance of TITLE (IP) Provenance of COPIES https://medium.com/ipdb-blog/forever-isnt-free-the-cost-of-storage-on-a-blockchain-database-59003f63e01
- 46. centralized application stack FILE SYSTEM e.g. S3, HDFS APPLICATION PROCESSING e.g. EC2, Azure DATABASE e.g. MySQL, MongoDB Bitcoin Blockchain? PLATFORM e.g. AWS, Google App Engine, Heroku CONNECTNETWORKS e.g.TCP/IP HARDWARE
- 47. Towards a decentralized application stack FILE SYSTEM e.g. S3, HDFS IPFS, SWARM APPLICATION PROCESSING e.g. EC2, Azure, Ethereum, Hyperledger, Tendermint, Lisk, Corda DATABASE e.g. MySQL, MongoDB BigchainDB PLATFORM e.g. AWS, Google App Engine, Heroku, Eris/Monax, BlockApps CONNECTNETWORKS e.g.TCP/IP,InterledgerILP e-Cash/e-Gold Bitcoin, zCash, Ripple, Blockstream, Multichain HARDWARE IoTA, Riddle & Code, Chronicled, Sawtooth Lake
- 48. Immutability Decentralized Control Native Assets Scalable Queryability Operationalized Traditional Databases Traditional blockchains BigchainDB “Big Data” + “Blockchain” - a blockchain database
- 49. Blockchain Consensus Database Consensus IMPLEMENT A 2 PHASE CONSENSUS FEDERATION Single Database or MongoDB RethinkDB Database Options Big Data Substrate + Federated Consensus / BFT
- 51. But… Personal & Private Data?
- 52. Interledger Vertical: Identity Value proposition: Sovereign personal data GDPR, Right to be forgotten, ... ©ITU/L.Berney, (CC BY 2.0)
- 53. Users Applications 3th party services Consumer goods E-commerce Automotive Consequences ▪ Users and devices control their data and access can be provided and revoked ▪ Only one single version of your data ▪ Users get share of revenue generated from their data Private Data Access? Data … Requestpermission Share$$$ Bring YOUR DATA to the Service Public Claims Access? Data / Permission @BigchainDB @GETJolocom
- 54. Interledger Interledger A protocol for connecting Payment networks Blockchains Banks Mobile money The unbanked
- 55. Interledger Vertical: Government Land Registry/Real Estate Value proposition: Low-cost registry Less risk of corruption Low-friction capital markets ©ITU/L.Berney, (CC BY
- 56. Digital Twin / Twin of Things - Spherity
- 57. Blockchain: a trust network for supply chains Powered by IoT 57 Recordkeeping paper, sms, email, calls, … Inefficiency change records, own versions/formats, disagreements
- 58. 10 Tag unique ID to asset Info added to Digital Twin Data on Blockchain Physical path of asset Path of Digital Twin Factory Logistics Retail Customer End of life Info added to Digital Twin Info added to Digital Twin Set Digital Twin inactive Traceability across the supply chain with Digital Twin
- 59. Decentralized Database Assets / Permissioning / Provenance Secured Block-chai ned Objects Digital Twin Platform DecentralApplications DecentralApplications Authorised Access Write and Query Data Authorised Access Send and receive data Dash- boards User Enterprise Apps Read and write transaction data Immutable data transaction history of Digital Twins 1) DSaaS = Decentral Software-as-a-Service 6 How The Digital Twin Works
- 60. Decentral App Service Open Platform Technology Ecosystem 3 2 1 third party apps DT driven Apps DT Apps Community Apps API API infrastructure and protocols creation of unique identity Car Pass Object Tagging Supply Chain App App App App App … innogy Apps VSE “Design Netz” Innogy renewables Urban Concepts Digital Twin Platform Others 60 Digital Twin (DT) Platform and decentral App services
- 61. Innovation as a Luxury 61
- 62. DATABASE IPDB CLIENT SIDE APP BROWSER/JS OR MOBILE APP A digital twin for Cars
- 64. Decentralized AI
- 65. 1 ZB1 16 ZB2 2010 2016 2025 160+ ZB2 1) Source: Apixel 2) Source: Storagenewsletter Data is growing exponentially
- 66. 1 ZB1 16 ZB2 2010 2016 2025 160+ ZB2 1) Source: Apixel 2) Source: Storagenewsletter 3) McKinsey % of data analyzed3 But only a small amount is analyzed and shared
- 67. Market value of data in 2030 GDP of Germany in 2016 Up to 3.8 trn. USD1 3.5 trn. USD2 1) Source: Ocean Protocol analysis 2) Source: Worldbank Unlocking data will open up Trillions in value
- 68. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HTM_Hierarchy_example.png Deep Learning: Neural Networks * Moore’s Law ≈1950s algorithms on 1000x+ more storage & compute
- 69. Deep learning models with >> capacity Error 5% .. 0.01% Models with limited capacity Error 25% .. 5% Another 1000x more data Deep Learning Loves Data
- 70. ▪ AI needs data ▪ Without data, AI models are not accurate ▪ 150 fundamental use cases across all industry sectors identified ▪ AI advances 6x faster, if data is available AI is starving for data
- 71. Have lotsa data (enterprises) Have lotsa AI (AI startups)$$
- 72. Data is siloed. Humans are farmed. AI monopolies threaten our future. Let’s change the rules of the game with incentives. Democratize access to Data & AI! Self-sovereignty, attribution & privacy is core Dimitri De Jonghe @DimitriDeJonghe Vision & Mission
- 73. Have lotsa AI (AI startups) Have lotsa data (enterprises)
- 74. Have lotsa AI (AI startups) Have lotsa data (enterprises) Market Market Market Market Market Market Market Market Ocean Protocol A new data economy
- 75. Blockchain-Based Machine Learning Marketplaces https://medium.com/@FEhrsam/blockchain-based-machine-learning-marketplaces-cb2d4dae2c17 Open markets + incentives + attribution impacts the intelligence supply chain at large scale Data providers: Data pooling AI/ML experts: Model Competition Infrastructure: Ad hoc/Flexible Model users: Commons, Enterprise, Personal PRIVACY...
- 76. Decentralized AI: Companies can deploy models to be trained or used in the field without risking their intelligence being stolen. Protected Consumer Privacy: the previous application opens up the possibility that consumers could simply hold onto their data, and "opt in" to different models being trained on their lives, instead of sending their data somewhere else. Companies have less of an excuse if their IP isn't at risk via decentralization. Data is power and it needs to go back to the people. Controlled Superintelligence: The network can become as smart as it wants, but unless it has the secret key, all it can do is predict jibberish. Privacy-preserving Decentralized AI http://iamtrask.github.io/2017/03/17/safe-ai/
- 77. Client contracts metadata block N-3 proofs accounts Client Service API Keepers Node N2 N4 VerifierService API Service API Proof ask bid access authorize verify access challenge 1. Contract setup 2. Access Control 3. Verification verify proof CONTRACT 0x12345... Lock: Consumer.fee Execute: Proof.valid Abort: Timeout response contracts metadata block N-2 proofs accounts contracts metadata block N-1 proofs accounts contracts metadata block N proofs accounts
- 78. CONTRACT 0x12345... Lock: Consumer.fee Execute: Proof.valid Abort: Timeout Data Source: ● Tokenized access control ● Curated Decentralized Model ● Community owned ● Benefits for the commons Service (Data + Proof) Reward (Token)
- 79. CONTRACT Lock Execute Abort CONTRACT Lock Execute Abort Data Service: ● Royalty Attribution ● Contract-driven supply chain ● Algorithms, labels, visualizations, ... % Royalty Reward (Token) Reward (Token)
- 81. Federated Learning + Privacy https://research.googleblog.com/2017/04/federated-learning-collaborative.html https://github.com/OpenMined/Docs http://iamtrask.github.io/2017/03/17/safe-ai/ OpenMined Partial Homomorphic Encryption
- 82. Service Integrity: Crypto-Proofs of Service
- 83. Verifiable Computation & Execution procedure circuit procedure circuit transcript computation + setup input execution output query transcript response verify response more query - response verifier prover Or Secure enclaves: - SGX - ARM Trustzone
- 84. Protocol realizes Function Multi-party Computation
- 86. Secure infrastucture: [virtual] HSMs Public storage & compute Network glue for scale Public data & intelligence marketplaces Decentralized Intelligence Ecosystem
- 87. Community Governance “Make opinion scarce” Crypto-economic Primitives Token-curated registries, curation markets, stake machines https://medium.com/@DimitriDeJonghe/curated-governance-with-stake-machines-8ae290a709b4
- 88. What unlocking AI data & services unlocks
- 89. Self-driving cars: fewer accidents, more mobility
- 90. >100x more data for health care research Personalized Care, Medicine, Prevention and Coaching
- 91. Universal Recommender: Push => Pull Marketing