3. Square wheels at the place of round wheels
More human resource
Round wheels in the cart
WRONG DECISIONS
4. Definition
Recognising the requirement of decision
Characteristics of decision making
Significance of decision making
Process of decision making
Techniques used in decision making
Types of decision making
Styles of decision making
Levels of decision making
5. Decision = choice made from available alternatives
Decision Making = process of identifying problems
and opportunities and resolving them
“Decision-making is the selection based on some criteria
from two or more possible alternatives.”
—George R.Terry
6. •situation in which organizational
accomplishment have failed to meet
established goals
PROBLEM
•situation in which managers see potential
in organizational accomplishments that
exceed current goals.
OPPORTUNITY
7. Rational Thinking
Process
Selective
Purposive
Commitment
Evaluation:
1. Evaluation of alternatives
2. Evaluation of results
8. Pervasive Function : done at all levels i.e. top, level,
middle level and operating level.
Indispensable Component: It determines all
management functions and covers every part of the
organizational structure.
Evaluation Of Managerial Function
Selection Of Best Alternatives
Establishment Of Plans And Policies
Successful Operation Of Business
9.
10. Pros and Cons- The manager usually chooses the
alternative with the strongest pros and the weakest cons
Cost Benefit- involves evaluating each alternative on its
monetary costs and benefits. This means that the net
present value of each alternative needs to be calculated,
and the alternative with the highest net present value is
selected.
Other decision-making techniques include the
lexicographic and scientific methods.
11. 1. PROGRAMMED DECISIONS:
Programmed decisions are routine and repetitive
the organization typically develops specific ways to
handle them.
2. NON PROGRAMMED DECISIONS:
Non programmed decisions are typically one shot
decisions that are usually less structured than
programmed decision.
12. 3. Major and minor decisions:
some decisions are considerably more important than
others and are prioritized.
4. Organizational and personal decision:
Organizational decision is taken by top executives for
official purpose and affect the organizational activities
directly.
Personal decisions are concerned to an employee.
13. Decision Styles
Differences among people with respect to
how they perceive problems and make
decisions
Not all managers make decisions the same
– Directive style
– Analytical style
– Conceptual style
– Behavioral style
14. 14
Directive Style
People who prefer simple, clear-cut
solutions to problems
Make decisions quickly
May consider only one or two
alternatives
Efficient and rational
Prefer rules or procedures
15. 15
Analytical Style
Complex solutions based on as much
data as they can gather
Carefully consider alternatives
Base decision on objective, rational data
from management control systems and
other sources
Search for best possible decision based
on information available
16. 16
Conceptual Style
Consider a broad amount of information
More socially oriented than analytical style
Like to talk to others about the problem and
possible solutions
Consider many broad alternatives
Relay on information from people and systems
Solve problems creatively
17. 17
Behavioral Style
Have a deep concern for others as individuals
Like to talk to people one-on-one
Understand their feelings about the problem
and the effect of a given decision upon them
Concerned with the personal development of
others
May make decisions to help others achieve their
goals
18. Leadership- No matter who represents the leadership of an
organization, he will ultimately be responsible for a decision that is
made at any level.
Management Teams-affect daily operations of an organization. Items
such as staffing needs, work flow processes, resources and the handling
of day-to-day events fall on the shoulders of managers.
Committees - for particular projects or issues and require sufficient time
for research and evaluation. An organization chooses committee
members based on expertise in the subject.
Group Consensus-Feedback from all levels of the business can garner
different perspectives that will help leaders make a more educated
decision.
Individual- Decisions made by an individual are often a reaction to a
situation that is perceived to be an emergency.
19.
20. You must have tried such ways to solve that
puzzle.. Isn’t??