![A0
Signals of sector antennas A0 – A7
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
Homogeneous Networks
Element Crossroad Switch Antenna
Optimized
integral index
Average speed of traffic
Average power of
prevalent radio signal
Correlation
formula
for 2 elements
1 / (1 + [elements quantity on the shortest path])
1 / (distance between
antennas)
WirelessWired
Communication Networks
Road network
Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel
Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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- 1. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. www.huawei .com Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152. DOI: 10.15514/ISPRAS-2016-28(6)-10 Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel O p t i m i z a t i o n o f L a r g e H o m o g e n e o u s N e t w o r k s ISPRAS Open 2016 Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X.
- 2. A0 Signals of sector antennas A0 – A7 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 Homogeneous Networks Element Crossroad Switch Antenna Optimized integral index Average speed of traffic Average power of prevalent radio signal Correlation formula for 2 elements 1 / (1 + [elements quantity on the shortest path]) 1 / (distance between antennas) WirelessWired Communication Networks Road network Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 3. Background: Sector Planning with full optimization Graph-based representation Homogeneous network is represented as a weighted complete graph, where • each vertex corresponds to network element • each edge has weight equals to correlation between correspondent elements Optimization loop: 1. Decomposition of network into subnets by the rule of minimal sum of crossing edges weights 2. Parallel optimization of subnets 3. Update of network parameters Main drawback: Crossing edges are ignored => poor accuracy Optimization of all parameters DECOMPOSITION While stopping criterion isn’t met Thread Thread Full network 2 - Subnets Element Agenda - 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 UPDATE Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 4. Idea 1: Alternative splitting Optimization While stopping criterion is not met Thread Thread Thread Thread Split by split Advantage: All crossing edges are taken into account Discard light edges under threshold Alternative splits Full network Reduced network 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 - Subnets Element Agenda - 1 2 3 4 UPDATE NETWORK Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 5. COMBINE NON-OVERLAPPING SUBNETS Idea 2: Independent optimization Advantage: Parallel optimization of the fully independent elements Reduced network FOR EVERY OPTIMIZED UNIT FIND SUBNET - Subnets - Border element - Optimized unit Agenda 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 6. Splitting with threshold Idea 3: Regulation of threshold Thresholdincreasing Optimization 1 subnet 2 subnets 3 subnets Optimized unit = 2 elements Advantage: Optimization process is regulated by threshold Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 7. Optimization of independent elements UPDATE NETWORK If stop- ping criterion is not met Thread Thread Alternative splits of network into non-overlapping subnets for optimized units: Split by split DISCARD EDGES UNDER THRESHOLD DECOMPOSITION Full cycle of alternative splitting with regulated threshold If threshold under limit increase its value and continue Reduced network … 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 Full network - Subnets - Border element - Optimized unit Agenda 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 8. Optimization process regulation Start Quantity of alternative calculations Com- plexity Rough search of global optimum in small number of complex subnets (avoiding of stuck in local optimum) Precise search of optimums in big number of simple subnets (maximal precision at the end) Quantity Strength of distant interactions Precision of optimizing procedure Subnets Quantity of processes = available cores Precision of optimization End Usage of all computational resources on computer / cluster Colored arrows ( ) – increase (up) or decrease (down) of parameter value Empty arrows – impact on optimization process Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 9. Optimization of mobile network coverage and quality High optimization complexity: 300 antennas * 4 parameters, n states of parameter => n1200 states Regulated parameters of sector antenna: power, height, tilt, azimuth Initial subnet Optimized subnet Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 10. Alternative splitting vs. Sector planning n – number of optimized areas in network Pi – the power of the prevalent signal in i-th area Ii – the power of the other (interfering) signals in i-th area Ni – other noise in i-th area Optimized integral index – average Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio: ) N+I P n 1 (log•10=SINR ∑ n 1=i ii i 10 Optimizing procedure – modified Simulated Annealing: procedure optimize(S0, precision) { Snew := S0 step := maxStep ∙ (1 – precision) Sgen := random neighbor of S0 within step t := T(1 – precision) if A(E(S0), E(Sgen), t) ≥ random(0, 1) then Snew := Sgen Output: state Snew } S0, Sgen, Snew – current, generated, new states of subnet maxStep – maximal value of step T, E, A – temperature, energy, acceptance functions 9 times faster 1 hour – SINR 15 % higher (p < 0.01) Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 11. Benefits of Independent optimization of alternatives • Faster optimization due to reduction of optimization complexity and efficient usage of all computational resources • Better quality of optimization due to progressive shift of optimization strategy from rough search of global optimum at the beginning of optimization process to precise search of optimum at the end of optimization Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152.
- 12. HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. www.huawei .com Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X. Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel Optimization of Large Homogeneous Networks // Proc. ISP RAS, 2016, vol. 28, issue 6, pp. 141-152. DOI: 10.15514/ISPRAS-2016-28(6)-10 Automatic Analysis, Decomposition and Parallel O p t i m i z a t i o n o f L a r g e H o m o g e n e o u s N e t w o r k s ISPRAS Open 2016 Ignatov D.Yu., Filippov A.N., Ignatov A.D., Zhang X.
Notas del editor
- Presentation of the new algorithm of Homogeneous Network Optimization
- The life of the modern world essentially depends on the work of the large artificial networks, such as networks of roads, pipelines, wired and wireless communication systems. The support of their effective functioning requires permanent screening and optimization. The network consists of the active elements, such as crossroads, switches or antennas, and can be optimized by the integral indices, such as average speed of traffic in crossroads or switches, or average power of prevalent radio signal of antennas. To perform optimization the large networks are decomposed into subnets on the basis of correlation between their elements.
- For example in the method of sector planning with full optimization the Homogeneous Network is represented as a weighted complete graph, where each vertex corresponds to network element and each edge has weight equals to correlation between connected elements. In optimization loop : 1) Network is decomposed into subnets by the rule of minimal sum of crossing edges weights; 2) Subnets are optimized in parallel processes; 3) Network parameters are updated. Main drawback: crossing edges are ignored, and so accuracy of optimization is poor.
- Idea 1: alternative splitting. In complete graph of network the light edges under predefined threshold are discarded and we've got reduced network. Then network is decomposed into alternative splits. Algorithm iterates through these splits, and perform optimization of subnets in separate threads.
- Idea 2: independent optimization. In reduced network the optimized units are selected. For every unit we find subnet consisting of optimized unit and all connected to it elements. Then non-overlapping subnets are combined into alternative splits. In every split only independent elements are optimized. As you can see while we move through all splits we optimize all elements, but every optimization effects only independent parts of network. Advantage: parallel optimization of the most independent elements.
- Idea 3: regulation of threshold. Decomposition begins with the minimal level of threshold and as a result just one subnet is selected in every split . As you can see the optimized unit consists of 2 elements and all other elements are connected to it. When threshold is increased then the number of subnets is increased and their complexity is decreased. Advantage: optimization process is regulated by threshold.
- The full cycle of alternative splitting with regulated threshold includes discarding of edges under threshold, alternative splitting of reduced network on the basis of optimized units, parallel optimization of the most independent parts of networks as long as optimization gives improvement. After that, the threshold is increased and optimization is performed on the next level of splitting.
- Optimization process regulation includes increase of networks quantity and decrease of the number of alternative calculations during optimization process, so that the quantity of parallel processes equals to quantity of available cores and we use all computational resources available on computer or cluster. From other side, the complexity of subnets and the strength of their distant interactions are decreased and we increase precision of optimizing procedure. As a result during optimization the accuracy is increased and we progressively move from rough search of global optimum in small number of complex subnets to precise search of optimum in big number of simple subnets. In such way we avoid the stack in local optimum at the beginning of optimization and have the best precision at the end.
- To demonstrate the efficiency of proposed approach, the optimization of mobile network is implemented with visualization of quality of radio signal. As you can see the sector antennas transmit radio signal (green and yellow colors). In initial network there are red problem areas with low quality of radio signal. Every antenna was optimized by 4 regulated parameters, each with n states. So, the number of states of full network is n^1200 – optimization complexity is high. After optimization is finished the red areas are disappeared and the quality of radio signals is increased.
- As an optimized integral index we use Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR). As an optimizing procedure – modified Simulated Annealing, which takes as input precision parameter. On the plot you can see that the alternative splitting gives speed-up 9 times, and after 1 hour shows better quality of radio signal – SINR is 15 % higher in logarithmic scale.
- Thus, the benefits of proposed method for independent optimization of alternatives: 1) Faster optimization due to reduction of optimization complexity and efficient usage of all computational resources; 2) Better quality of optimization due to progressive shift of optimization strategy from rough search of global optimum at the beginning of optimization process to precise search of optimum at the end of optimization.
- Presentation of the new algorithm of Homogeneous Network Optimization