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1. CRANIAL NERVES
By:Rabia ZulfiqarBy:Rabia Zulfiqar

2. Above the
superior
nasal
concha
Nasal
epitheli
um
present
Olfactory
cells
present on
epithelium
OLFACTORY NERVE :I (sensory nerve)
Central
processes
come out from
the olfactory
cells
central
process
form
olfactory
nerve
olfactory
nerve enter
into the
olfactory
bulb
which lie in the
cribriform plate
of ethmoid bone
mitral & tuft cells
in olfactory bulb
gives off fibers that
form olfactory tract
medial tracts decussate go into right &
left.lateral tract ant.into perforated
plate and finally into visual cortex area
(periamygdaloid prepiriform fossa)
OPTIC NERVE : II (sensory )
In Eye , granular
layer of ratina
gives off Axons
Optic nerve
enter into the
optic chiasma
Axons converge
into optic disc and
form optic nerve
All fibers end into
Lateral geniculate
body, pretactal
nucleus and
superior colliculus
Medial tacts
decusate and go
into opposite side
but lateral tacts
run contralaterally
in chiasma , optic
tracts form . (medial
& lateral tracts)
Lateral
geniculate
body converge
fibers as an
optic radiation.
Ends into the primary
visual cortex area
and then into 2ndry
visual Cortex area

3. Occulomotor N (III) : motor nerve
begins
from
superior
colliculus
Pass b/w 2
arteries
(pos.cerebral &
sup.cerebellar
Lateral wall
Cavernous
Sinus
Divide
Sup. & Inf.
divisions
Superior
orbital
fissure
sup. division --> Superior Rectus & levator palpebral Superiorus
Inf.division --> inf.rectus , inf. oblique , Medial rectus
Begins
from
inferior
colliculus
Lateral wall
Cavernous S
Superior
orbital
fissure
Pass b/w 2
arteries
(pos.cerebral &
sup.cerebellar
supply to Lateral
rectus muscle of
eye
Suply to the
Superior
oblique
muscle of eye
Abducent Nerve (VI)Groove
B/w pons
and
medulla
within
Cavernous Sinus closely
related to internal carotid
artery
Superior
orbital
fissure
Trochlear Nerve (IV)

4. lll , lV, Vl NervesOLFACTORY NERVE :I
OPTIC NERVE : II

5. TRIGEMINAL NERVE (V) :
Posterio
r.cranial
fossa
Middle
cranial
fossa
Lies at petrous
temporal bone in
Meckel's cave
Where sensory
components form
trigeminal ganglion .
V ganglion gives off
3 branches
Begin from
Anterolater
al part of
pons
Trigeminal
ganglion
Ophthalmic
Nerve
Maxillary
nerve
Mandibu
lar Nerve

6. Ophthalmic Division :Ophthalmi
c Nerve
Frontal
Nasociliary
Lacrimal
Supratroc
hlear
supraorbit
al
post.eth
moidal
Long
ciliary
Nerve to
ciliary
ganglion
infratrochl
ear
Ant.ethm
oidal
sphenoidal,
post.ethmoi
dal air sinus
sensory to
eyeball
frontal air
sinus,
upper
eyelid,,forehea
d,scalp till
vortex
upper eyelid,
conjuctiva,lower
part of forehead.
middle/ant.ethmoi
dal air
sinus,medial/latera
l internal nasal
lateral part of
uppereyelid , lacrimal
Both eyelids,side
of nose,lacrimal
sac

7. trigemin
al
ganglion
leaves middle
cranial fossa by
passing through
foramen
rotendum gives
meningeal
branches
Infraor
bital
nerve
MAXILLARY NERVE :
through
infraorbital
foramina
emerge on face
caverno
us sinus
pterygo
palatine
fossa
zygomati
c
pos.sup.
alveolar
zygomati
cotempor
al
zygomati
cofacial
Ganglioni
c
branches
in infraorbital canal
middle.sup.alveolar
Ant.sup. Alveolar
on face
Nasal
labial
palpebral
Orbital
branch
Palatine
branch
Nasal
branch
Pharyngeal
branch

8. MANDIBULAR NERVE
Trigeminal
ganglion
Middle
cranial fossa
sensory root
present
lateral to v
ganglion
Leave cranial
cavity
through
foramen
ovale
through
2 roots
Sensory Motor root
lie deep to
trigeminal
ganglion
pass
through
foramen
ovale
just below the foramen
ovale. sensory and
motor root join to form
main trunk.it lie into
ifratemporal fossa
Ant.division
Messeteric
Buccal nerve
Deep to the
temporal nerve
nerve to lateral
pterygoid
Post.division
Auriculartem
poral
Lingual
Inf.alveolar
nerve
mylohyoid and
mental branch

9. FACIAL NERVE
Derived from 2nd brachial arch
Nuclei (4)
Brachimotor lacrimatory Tractus solitarissup.salivatory
VII nerve attached to
brainstemby 2 roots
VII nerve attached to
brainstemby 2 roots
Sensory (nervous
intermedius)
Sensory (nervous
intermedius)
MotorMotor
2 roots attached to
lateral part of lower
border of pons.run
lateral /4wd to reach
interacusticmeatus
In
meatus,motor
root lie in a
groove
lie in a
petrous
temporal
bone
fundus of
meatus,two roots
fuse to form
single trunk

10. Directed
laterally,
above the
vestibule
At the junction of
1st & 2nd part.lie
over
anterosuperior
part of
pro,omtory
run
backward,pr
esent above
promontory
Within canal course
of nerve
gives 3 parts 2 bends
1st bend 2nd bend1st part 2nd part 3rd part
Lie b/w
promontory
and aditus of
mastoid
antrum
vertically
downward,
behind
promontory
Nerve leave the skull through stylomastoid foramina.In Extracranial Course,7th nerve
crosses the lateral side of styloid process.it enter into the parotid gland.Run 4wd through
glan and crosses the retromandibular vein and external carotid artery.divides into 5
terminal branches. Branches
Within canal
graeter petrosal nerve
Nerve to stapedius
chorda tympani
At exit from foramina Parotid gland
Zygomatic
Buccal
Marginal Mandibular
Post.Auricular
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Cervical Temporal

11. Vestibulocochlear VIII (sensory)
Eight cranial nerve. it is a sensory nerve. It contain two part Vestibular Part
(For static & kinetic balance)
Cochlear Part (For Hearing)
Leaving the skull by
Passing through
jugular foramina
Originate
b/w olive
&inf.cerebel
lar peduncle
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)Mixed
Post.cranial
fossa ------>
middle
cranial fossa
motor root supply to
stylopharyngeus &
sensory root supply to
post.1/3 of tongue
Nuclei :
Nucleus Ambigus
(Brachiomotor)
Inferior salivatory
(parasympathetic)
Tractus solitarus
(Gustatory)
Branches & Distribution
Tympanic branch (middle ear,auditory tube &
mastoidantrum)
Carotid branch (carotid sinus & carotid body)
Pharyngeal Branch (mucous membrane of pharynx)
Muscular branch(stylopharyngeus muscle)
Tonsillar (tonsill & soft palate )
Lingual branch (carry taste & gen.sensation fro post. 1/3 of
tongue)

12. Vagus nerve (X): Mixed nerve : Nucleus l-Nucleus Ambigus
ll-Dorsal nucleus of vagus lll-Nucleus of tractus solitarius lv-Nucleus of spinal tract of
trigeminal.
originate
b/w olive
&
inf.cereb
ellar
peduncle
Nerve pass
laterally
through
pos.cranial
fossa
Leaves the skull by
passing through
jugular foramen b/w
sigmoid &
inf.petrosal sinus
In foramen ,it
is joined by
cranial root of
accessory
nerve
nerve enter
into carotid
sheath
it passes through mediastenum
of thorax , passing behind the
roots of lung & enter the
abdomen through esophageal
opening in diaphram
Vagus nerve
has 2 ganglia
Sup.ganglia
(gives 2
branches)
Inf.ganglia
(gives off
branches)
I-Auricular branch
(tumpanic
membrane,concha,root of
auricle)
II-Meningeal branch (dura
of pos.cranial fossa)
l-Pharyngeal Branch : (soft palate except tensor veli
palatini )
ll-carotid Branch:(carotid sinus & carotid body)
lll-sup.laryngeal : (cricothyroid muscle,mucous membrane
of larynx)
lv- Right recurrent laryngeal
v-cardiac

13. Accessory Nerve (XI) (Motor )
Spinal root
Arise from
upper 5
segment of
spinal cord
Cranial root
Arise from
lower part
of nucleus
ambigus
Two roots
enter into
the jugular
foramen
in
foramen,cranial
root unite for a
short distence
with spinal root
Again cranial
root separate
from spinal root
as it passes out
of foramen
Spinal root supply to the trapezius and sternocleidomasoid muscle & cranial root supply to
the muscle of soft palate , pharynx & larynx.
HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE (XIl)
It emerges from ant. surface of medulla b/w
olive & pyramid . It crosses the pos.cranial fossa
and leaves the skull through hypoglossal canal.
nerve then pass downward and forward in the
neck and crosses the ext. & internal carotid
arteries to reach the tongue.
Supply: It is supply to the all intrinsic and
extrinsic muscle of tongue except
palatoglossus, it is supplied by vago acessory
complex.