Safe Reinforcement Learning

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안녕하세요. 이동민입니다. :) 2018. 8. 9일에 한국항공우주연구원에서 발표한 "Safe Reinforcement Learning" 발표 자료입니다. 목차는 다음과 같습니다. 1. Reinforcement Learning 2. Safe Reinforcement Learning 3. Optimization Criterion 4. Exploration Process 강화학습 계속 공부하면서 실제로 많은 분들이 쓸 수 있게 하려면 더 안전하고 빨라야한다는 생각이 들었습니다. 그래서 이에 관련하여 논문과 각종 자료들로 공부하여 발표하였습니다. 많은 분들께 도움이 되었으면 좋겠습니다. 감사합니다!

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Hello~! This material is reviewed by Dong-Min Lee. (http://www.facebook.com/dongminleeai) A reviewed material is Chapter 8. Planning and Learning with Tabular Methods in Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction written by Richard S. Sutton and Andrew G. Barto. Outline is 1) Introduction 2) Models and Planning 3) Dyna: Integrating Planning, Acting, and Learning 4) When the Model Is Wrong 5) Prioritized Sweeping 6) Expected vs. Sample Updates 7) Trajectory Sampling 8) Planning at Decision Time 9) Heuristic Search 10) Rollout Algorithms 11) Monte Carlo Tree Search 12) Summary I'm happy to be reviewed Sutton book~!!! I hope everyone who studies Reinforcement Learning sees this material and help! :) Thank you!

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HotJupiters are amongthebest-studied exoplanets, but it is still poorly understood how their chemical composition and cloud properties vary with longitude. Theoretical models predict that clouds may condense on the nightside and that molecular abundances can be driven out of equilibrium by zonal winds. Here we report a phase-resolved emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b measured from 5–12µ 5–12µ 5–12µm with JWST’s Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI). 1524 ±35 1524 ±35 and 863±23 The spectra reveal a large day–night temperature contrast (with average brightness temperatures of 1524 ± 35 863 ±23 863 ±23Kelvin, respectively) and evidence for water absorption at all orbital phases. Comparisons with three-dimensional atmospheric models show that both the phase curve shape and emission spectra strongly suggest the presence of nightside clouds which become optically thick to thermal emission at pressures greater than ∼100mbar. The dayside is consistent with a cloudless atmosphere above the mid-infrared photosphere. Con3trary to expectations from equilibrium chemistry but consistent with disequilibrium kinetics models, methane is not detected on the nightside (2σ upper limit of 1–6 parts per million, depending on model assumptions).

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Context. WASP-76 b has been a recurrent subject of study since the detection of a signature in high-resolution transit spectroscopy data indicating an asymmetry between the two limbs of the planet. The existence of this asymmetric signature has been confirmed by multiple studies, but its physical origin is still under debate. In addition, it contrasts with the absence of asymmetry reported in the infrared (IR) phase curve. Aims. We provide a more comprehensive dataset of WASP-76 b with the goal of drawing a complete view of the physical processes at work in this atmosphere. In particular, we attempt to reconcile visible high-resolution transit spectroscopy data and IR broadband phase curves. Methods. We gathered 3 phase curves, 20 occultations, and 6 transits for WASP-76 b in the visible with the CHEOPS space telescope. We also report the analysis of three unpublished sectors observed by the TESS space telescope (also in the visible), which represents 34 phase curves. Results. WASP-76 b displays an occultation of 260±11 and 152±10 ppm in TESS and CHEOPS bandpasses respectively. Depending on the composition assumed for the atmosphere and the data reduction used for the IR data, we derived geometric albedo estimates that range from 0.05 ± 0.023 to 0.146 ± 0.013 and from <0.13 to 0.189 ± 0.017 in the CHEOPS and TESS bandpasses, respectively. As expected from the IR phase curves, a low-order model of the phase curves does not yield any detectable asymmetry in the visible either. However, an empirical model allowing for sharper phase curve variations offers a hint of a flux excess before the occultation, with an amplitude of ∼40 ppm, an orbital offset of ∼−30◦ , and a width of ∼20◦ . We also constrained the orbital eccentricity of WASP-76 b to a value lower than 0.0067, with a 99.7% confidence level. This result contradicts earlier proposed scenarios aimed at explaining the asymmetry observed in high-resolution transit spectroscopy. Conclusions. In light of these findings, we hypothesise that WASP-76 b could have night-side clouds that extend predominantly towards its eastern limb. At this limb, the clouds would be associated with spherical droplets or spherically shaped aerosols of an unknown species, which would be responsible for a glory effect in the visible phase curves.

Asymmetry in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-76 b

Sérgio Sacani

The presentation first gives the brief introduction about the animal communication covering the reasons for communication. It then describes the important types of animal communication emphasizing the important points regarding auditory and visual communication. With respect to auditory communication, it covers the uses of it and mechanisms of auditory communication along with examples. Later the presentation discusses the various forms of visual communication such as gestures, postures, facial expressions, color changes , bioluminescent communication. It then describes the visual communication in bees in the form of bee dance . In bee dance it gives a brief overview of round dance , sickle dance and waggle dance .

Animal Communication- Auditory and Visual.pptx

UmerFayaz5

Pulmonary drug delivery system M.pharm -2nd sem P'ceutics

sakshisoni2385

Labelling Requirements and Label Claims for Dietary Supplements and Recommend...

Lokesh Kothari

Recombination DNA Technology (Nucleic Acid Hybridization )

aarthirajkumar25

Botany is the branch of biology that deals with the scientific study of plants, including their structure, growth, reproduction, metabolism, development, and classification. It encompasses a wide range of topics, from the molecular biology of plant cells to the ecological relationships between plants and their environments. Botany is essential for understanding plant diversity, ecology, evolution, and the roles plants play in ecosystems and human societies.

Botany 4th semester series (krishna).pdf

Sumit Kumar yadav

Green chemistry and Sustainable development.pptx

RajatChauhan518211

Jupiter’s moon Io hosts extensive volcanism, driven by tidal heating. The isotopic composition of Io's inventory of volatile chemical elements, including sulfur and chlorine, reflects its outgassing and mass loss history, and thus records information about its evolution. We used millimeter observations of Io’s atmosphere to measure sulfur isotopes in gaseous SO2 and SO, and chlorine isotopes in gaseous NaCl and KCl. We find 34S/32S = 0.0595 ± 0.0038 (equivalent to δ34S = +347 ± 86‰), which is highly enriched compared to average Solar System values and indicates that Io has lost 94 to 99% of its available sulfur. Our measurement of 37Cl/35Cl = 0.403 ± 0.028 (δ37Cl = +263 ± 88‰) shows that chlorine is similarly enriched. These results indicate that Io has been volcanically active for most (or all) of its history, with potentially higher outgassing and mass-loss rates at earlier times.

Isotopic evidence of long-lived volcanism on Io

Sérgio Sacani

Presentation Vikram Lander by Vedansh Gupta.pptx

gindu3009

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Wepresent Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 12-m, 7-m, and Total Power Array observations of the FUOrionis outbursting system, covering spatial scales ranging from 160 to 25,000 au. The high-resolution interferometric data reveal an elongated 12CO(2–1) feature previously observed at lower resolution in 12CO(3–2). Kinematic modeling indicates that this feature can be interpreted as an accretion streamer feeding the binary system. The mass infall rate provided by the streamer is significantly lower than the typical stellar accretion rates (even in quiescent states), suggesting that this streamer alone is not massive enough to sustain the enhanced accretion rates characteristic of the outbursting class prototype. The observed streamer may not be directly linked to the current outburst, but rather a remnant of a previous, more massive streamer that may have contributed enough to the disk mass to render it unstable and trigger the FU Orionis outburst. The new data detect, for the first time, a vast, slow-moving carbon monoxide molecular outflow emerging from this object. To accurately assess the outflow properties (mass, momentum, and kinetic energy), we employ 13CO(2–1) data to correct for optical depth effects. The analysis indicates that the outflow corresponds to swept-up material not associated with the current outburst, similar to the slow molecular outflows observed around other FUor and Class I protostellar objects.

Discovery of an Accretion Streamer and a Slow Wide-angle Outflow around FUOri...

Sérgio Sacani

Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, composition, structure, and the changes it undergoes. It's often divided into various sub-disciplines such as organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biochemistry. Chemistry plays a crucial role in understanding the world around us and has applications in various fields such as medicine, materials science, environmental science, and industry.

Chemistry 4th semester series (krishna).pdf

Sumit Kumar yadav

Small size (20-300 nm) / bacteria (size measured in μm) Viral genome – single type of nucleic acid: DNA – dezoxyriboviruses RNA - riboviruses Totally dependant on living cells for all metabolic processes May infect humans, animals, plants, bacteria, fungi,parasites, insects Virion = viral corpuscle = elementary, infectious unit. Only visible by electron microscopy. Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections Methods: • Cytology • Electron microscopy • Cultivation • Detection of viral proteins • Serology • Molecular diagnosis (detection of genetic material i.e. nucleic acids) PPT prepared by Dr. Prince C P

VIRUSES structure and classification ppt by Dr.Prince C P

PRINCE C P

GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 1)

Areesha Ahmad

GBSN - Microbiology (Unit 2)

Areesha Ahmad

Understanding circumstellar disks is of prime importance in astrophysics, however, their birth process remains poorly constrained due to observational and numerical challenges. Recent numerical works have shown that the small-scale physics, often wrapped into a sub-grid model, play a crucial role in disk formation and evolution. This calls for a combined approach in which both the protostar and circumstellar disk are studied in concert. Aims. We aim to elucidate the small scale physics and constrain sub-grid parameters commonly chosen in the literature by resolving the star-disk interaction. Methods. We carry out a set of very high resolution 3D radiative-hydrodynamics simulations that self-consistently describe the collapse of a turbulent dense molecular cloud core to stellar densities. We study the birth of the protostar, the circumstellar disk, and its early evolution (< 6 yr after protostellar formation). Results. Following the second gravitational collapse, the nascent protostar quickly reaches breakup velocity and sheds its surface material, thus forming a hot (∼ 103 K), dense, and highly flared circumstellar disk. The protostar is embedded within the disk, such that material can flow without crossing any shock fronts. The circumstellar disk mass quickly exceeds that of the protostar, and its kinematics are dominated by self-gravity. Accretion onto the disk is highly anisotropic, and accretion onto the protostar mainly occurs through material that slides on the disk surface. The polar mass flux is negligible in comparison. The radiative behavior also displays a strong anisotropy, as the polar accretion shock is shown to be supercritical whereas its equatorial counterpart is subcritical. We also f ind a remarkable convergence of our results with respect to initial conditions. Conclusions. These results reveal the structure and kinematics in the smallest spatial scales relevant to protostellar and circumstellar disk evolution. They can be used to describe accretion onto regions commonly described by sub-grid models in simulations studying larger scale physics.

Formation of low mass protostars and their circumstellar disks

Sérgio Sacani

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