2. Introduction
Consist of number of sex organs that are a part of
the human reproductive process.
Produces , store and releases the male gametes or
sperm.
Male genital organ are situated both inside the pelvic
cavity and outside the pelvic cavity.
As lower temp. is required for spermatogenesis,
that’s why the testes are placed outside of the pelvic
cavity, i.e. in the scrotal sac.
Urethra serves both the function of urination and
ejaculation.
3. Male reproductive organ
External genital organ
1. Penis
2. Scrotum
Internal genital organ
1. Testies
2. Epididymis
3. Vas deferens
4. Accessory gland :- 1) seminal vesicle
2) prostate gland 3) bulbourethral gland
4. External genital organ
PENIS
Male organ of copulation
It is made up of
1) Root or Attached portion
2) Body or shaft or free portion
5. ROOT OF PENIS
Situated in the superficial perineal pouch
Coposed of three masses of erectile tissue
1) 2 crura
2) 1 bulb
Each crus is firmly attached to the margin of the pubic arch
Proximal part of corpora cavernosa
The bulb is attached to the perineal membrane in between the 2
crura.
Proximal part of corpus spongiosum.
6. Body of penis
• The free portion of the penis is completely enveloped
by skin.
• It is continious with the root, in front of the lower part
of the pubic symphysis.
• It is composed of three elongated masses of erectile
tissue
• During erection of the penis , these masses become
engorged with blood , leading to considerable
enlargement
• These masses are 1) corpora cavernosa- right and
left.
2) corpus spongiosum.
9. 1) Corpora cavernosa
• Forward continuation of crura
• They are in close apposition with each other
throughout their length.
• The corpora cavernosa do not reach the end of the
penis
• Each of them terminates under covers of the glance
penis in blunt conical extremity.
• It is surrounded by strong fibrous coverings of
tunica albugenia.
10. Corpus spongiosum
• It is the forward continuation of the bulb of penis
• Its terminal part is expanded to form Glans penis.
• Throughout its whole length it is traversed by the
urethra.
• It is surrounded by fibrous sheath
11. Glans penis
• The base of the glans penis has projecting margins
called corona glandis. It also called as neck of the
penis.
• Within the glans , the urethra shows a dilatation in
its roof , called as Navicular fossa.
12. Skin of the penis
• The skin covering the penis is very thin and dark in
colour
• At the neck it is folded to form the prepuce or foreskin
,which covers the glans to varying extend and can be
retracted backward to expose the glans.
• On the under surface of the glans ,there is a median fold of
the skin called as frenulum.
13. Arterial supply
• 1) helicine artery :- deep artery of the penis runs in the
corpus cavernosum.
• 2) dorsal artery of penis :- supplies the glans penis and
distal part of C. spongiosum
• Artery of the bulb of penis
• Femoral artery gives off the sup. External pudendal
artery which is supplies the skin and fasciae of the
penis.
16. Lymphatic drainage
• Lymphatics from the glans of penis drain in to the
deep inguinal nodes also called gland of cloquet.
• Lymphatics from rest of the penis drain into
superficial inguinal lymphnodes
18. Scrotum
The scrotum is a cutaneous bag containing the
• Right and Left testes,
• The Epididymis and
• The lower parts of the Spermatic cord.
19. FEATURES
• Externally , the scrotum is divided into right and left
parts by a ridge or Raphe .
• The left half of the scrotum hangs a little lower
than the right, in corospondance with the
greater length of the spermatic cord.
20. • Under the influence of cold , and in young age , the
scrotum is short, corrugated and closely applied to
the testies .
• This is due to contraction of the subcutaneous
muscle of scrotum, called the Dartos
• And in warm condition, all going to opposite.
• From this , it appears that the dartos muscle help in
regulation of temperature within the scrotum.
21. Layers of the scrotum
• scrotum is made up following layers from outside
inword
• 1) skin – continuation of abdominal cavity
• 2)dartos muscle- it replaces the superficial fascia
• 3) external spermatic fascia- from ext. oblique
muscle.
• 4) the cremasteric muscle and fascia from internal
oblique muscle
• 5) the internal spermatic fascia from fascia
transversalis
24. Nerve supply
• Ilioinguinal nerve & genitofemoral nerve - anterior
one third of scrotum
• Posterior scrotal branches of pudendal nerve &
posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh – posterior two
third of scrotum
25. Applied aspect
• Common site for oedema – because of laxity of skin
and dependent position of skin
• Sebaceous cyst – due to abundance of hair and
sebaceous gland.
• Bifid scrotum
• Hydrocoele – accumulation of fluid in scrotal sac
26. TESTIES
• Testies is the male gonad
• It is homologus with the ovary of the female
• It is suspended in the scrotum by spermatic cord
• It lies obliquely
• Left testis is slightly lower than the right
27. Shape and size
• The testies is oval in shape and oblquily placed.
• Length – 3.75 cm
• Broad- 2.5
• Thickness- 1.8 cm
• Weight- 10 to 15 gm
28. External feature
• 2 poles or ends – upper and lower
• 2 borders- anterior and posterior
• 2 surfaces- medial and lateral
• Upper and lower poles are convex and smooth
• Upper pole provide attachment to spermatic cord
29. • 2 borders
• Anterior border is convex and smooth and is fully
covered by tunica vaginalis
• Posterior border is straight and partially covered by
tunica vaginalis
• 2 surfaces
• Medial and lateral surfaces are convex and smooth
30. Covering of the testis
• Testis is covered by 3 coats from outside inwords they
are
i. Tunica vaginalis:- lower persistent portion of processus
vaginalis , it cover the whole testis except posterior
border as parietal and visceral layers.
ii. Tunica albugenia :- Dense and white fibrous coat
covering the testis all around,
It is covered by visceral layer of tunica vaginalis.
Posterior border of tunica albugenia is thickned to form
an incomplete vertical septum called mediastinum testis
iii) Tunica vascularis :- innermost covering of the testies.
• it is vascular and lines the lobules of testis
31. Structure of the testis
• The glandular part of the testis consist of 200 to 300 lobules
• Then each lobules contain 2 or 3 seminiferous tubules.
• Each tubules is highly coiled , when streched out , each tubules
measures about 60 cm in length and 0.2 mm in diameter
• At the apices of lobules, seminiferous tubules anastomose with
each other to form Rete testis.
• Then Rete testis gives rise to 12 to 30 efferent ductules, which is
emerge near the upper pole of testis and enters in to the
epididymis
• Then epididymis continue in ductus deferens
34. Lymphatic drainage
• Preaortic and para aortic lymphnodes
• Nerve supply
Testis is supplied by sympathetic nerve arising
from segment T10 of the spinal cord.
35. Clinical Anatomy
• Monorchism :- Unilateral absence of testis
• Anorchism:- Bilateral absence of testis
• Undescended Testis :- the testis may lie in the
lumbar , iliac, inguinal, or upper scrotal region
• Ectopic testis:- may occupy in abnormal position
e.g. under the skin of lower part of abdomen, under the
skin of the front of the thigh, in femoral canal, under
the skin of the penis.
• Hermaphroditism or intersex:- individual shows
some feature of male and some feature of female.
• In true Hermaphroditism ,both testis and ovaries are
present.
36. Epididymis
• It is made up of highly coiled tube that act as a
reservoir of spermatozoa
• PARTS
1. Head:- enlarged and connected to the upper pole of
testis by efferent ductules.
head is made up highly coiled efferent ductules.
2. Body :- made up from single duct
3. Tail :- these single duct continue in ductus
deference
37. Spermatic cord
• It is the collection of structures that pass through the
inguinal canal to and from the testis
• STRUCTURES OF THE SPERMATIC CORDS
1) Vas deference
2) Testicular artery
3) Testicular vein
4) Testicular lymph vessels
5) Autonomic nerves
6) Remains of processus vaginalis
38. Ductus deferens
• Is also called as Vas deferens or the Deferent duct
• Ductus deferens is a thick walled , muscular tube which
transmit spermatozoa from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct.
• Length – 45 cm long when straightened
• Location and course- with in the scrotum along the posterior border of
the testis
• In the inguinal canal as a part of spermatic cord
• In the greater pelvis
• In the lesser pelvis
