5G Use Cases and Key Enabling Technologies: An E2E View

1. 1 © Nokia 2017 Customer Confidential
The path to 5G
VTC Spring 2017, 5G Industry Track
5th June, 2017
Dr. David Soldani
- Head of 5G Technology, e2e, Global, Nokia
- Industry Professor, UTS, Australia

2. © 2017 Nokia2
5G Global Updates
CMCC 3.5GHz, 2017 pre-standard trials  2020 commercialization
DoCoMo 4.5GHz PoC, VR, Industrial Machine in Nov Open House
KT 28GHz, demos for IOC in February, auction 28GHz in 2018
Commercialization plans (tentative)
28GHz USA 2017+
28GHz Korea 2018+
3.5GHz Europe 2019+
3.5GHz China 2020
4.5GHz Japan 2020
Europe 3.5GHz (28GHz too), trials 2017, Mobility
USA 28GHz, 39 GHz, trials 2017, FWA

3. © 2017 Nokia4
Nokia Momentum: 40+ Engagements
M2M

4. © 2017 Nokia5
Public safety
Industry 4.0
Infotainment
(VR/AR)
Digital
Healthcare
Connected
cars (V2X)
The path to 5G: tests & trials plan 2017-2021
2017-18 2018-19 2019-2021
5GTF SIG Industry specs
and LTE 3GPP R13-14
3GPP 5G Phase 1
Mobile Broadband
Future-X-like new core
• Smart medication: real-time collection of personal
health data
• Personal health systems: wearable systems for
monitoring, diagnosis and treatment of chronic
diseases
• Assisting service robots: mobile robots assisting
e.g. elderly or disabled people
• Virtual and augmented reality for medicine: Three
dimensional interactive live holographic
visualization systems
• Telecare and telemedicine: remote patient–doctor
consultation through a mobile device
• Connected ambulance: real-time connection
between hospital, ambulance (and place of
incident)
• Immersive experiences: online augmented reality
(AR)/VR gaming or experiences. (Incl. in-vehicle.)
• On-site experiences: providing additional features
to spectators like replay, view from different angle,
translation, etc.
• Tactile internet experiences: recreating sense of
touch e.g. bionic suits
• User/machine generated content: users or
machines recording self-created imagery which is
uploaded to social media or online channels
• Cooperative media production: content worked
upon by different users in multiple locations
simultaneously
• Distributed performance: sourcing content from
different locations in real time (e.g. orchestra)
• Driver assistance: ‘see through front vehicle’, in-dash
junction cameras; collision avoidance, emergency
braking
• Remote monitoring and predictive maintenance:
Sending an alert if faulty and machine learning
• Tele-operated driving: remote driver assistance to
vehicles, e.g. emergency case
• Autonomous vehicles: driverless vehicles enabled
by V2I and V2V applications
• Platooning: convoy of vehicles driving together,
connected to a central operator
• Intelligent navigation: using RT analytics (data from
other vehicles, road authorities, traffic mgt.
centers, sensors, cameras and radars, etc.)
3GPP 5G Phase 2
Critical IoT
Massive IoT
NetworkSlicingasaService
• Remote control/monitoring of manufacturing
equipment: remote mobile control over
fixed/mobile manufacturing robot, transmission of
diagnostics information and AR support
• CCTV systems: advanced CCTV systems
transmitting several HD and 360º video streams
in real time to a control room, to monitor public
places or critical infrastructure
• Machine-to-machine communication: closed loop
to optimize manufacturing process
• Augmented reality support: design, maintenance
and repair (through simulations)
• Intra/inter-enterprise communication: for
monitoring of assets distributed in larger areas
and efficient coordination across the value chain
• Automated threat detection: use of mobile HD
video cameras and cloud analytics to detect
suspicious objects, patterns, anomalies or
disturbances in public places
• Facial, iris, fingerprint or palm recognition
systems: video or scanning systems which match
a face, iris or fingerprint with a database in real
time

5. © 2017 Nokia6
5G deployment areas and use cases requiring 4.5, 4.9 and 5G connectivity
5G DEPLOYMENT AREAS
5G
EXCLUSIVE
USE CASES

6. © 2017 Nokia7
3GPP Release 15 timeline
5G phase-1 (Release-15) scope
• eMBB and URLLC both in scope
• All architecture options, incl. connecting LTE to 5G Core (as separate Work Item)
• Down scoping for Phase 1 most probably needed during 2017

7. © 2017 Nokia8
5G Releases timeline till 2022
5G Study Items
(SI) completed
L1/L2 freeze.
Non-standalone
Standalone higher
layers, NG-Core
Enhancements
(Unlicensed, Non-
orthogonal multiple
access, …)
2017 2018 2019 2020
5G above
52.6GHz
2021
Release 15 Release 16 Release 17 Release 18
Full ASN.1 freeze for Full 5G feature set and
Standalone (SA) in September 2018
Release 15 contains Accelerated SN.1 freeze for
Non-Standalone (NSA) in March 2018
A-R15 R15
R16 R17

8. © 2017 Nokia9
5G Network architecture options
S1-MME
S1-U
NG2 (CP)
NG3 (UP)
NR
EPC 5G CN
“DC/1A“
E-UTRANR
EPC 5G CN
Can supp.
“DC/3C“
E-UTRA
NR
EPC 5G CN
“DC/1A“
E-UTRANR
EPC 5G CN
Can supp.
“DC/3C“
E-UTRA
NR
EPC 5G CN
“DC/1A“
E-UTRANR
EPC 5G CN
Can supp.
“DC/3C“
E-UTRA
3
Non-Standalone / ”NR assisted”, 5G CN connected
Non-Standalone / ”LTE assisted”, EPC connected
Non-Standalone / “LTE assisted”, 5G CN connected
3a
4 4a
7 7a
LTE  LTE Rel15 (“eLTE“) where needed
NR
EPC 5G CN
E-UTRA
3x
7x
Xx-C
Xx-U
NR
EPC 5G CN
E-UTRA
Xn-C
Xn-U
NR
5G CN 2
Standalone NR/
5G CN connected
5G CN
E-UTRA
5
Standalone eLTE, 5G CN connected
Standalone (SA) options
Non
Standalone
(NSA) Options
Nokia preference
Nokia preference

9. © 2017 Nokia10
5G frequency ranges/bands after RAN#75 (3GPP TR 38.912 v14.0.0)
Frequency range/LTE band Operators whose request is included in the frequency range
3.3-4.2 GHz
DOCOMO, KDDI, SBM, CMCC, China Unicom, China Telecom, KT, SK Telecom, LG
Uplus, Etisalat, Orange, Telecom Italia, British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom
4.4-4.99 GHz DOCOMO, KDDI, SBM, CMCC, China Unicom, China Telecom,
24.25-29.5 GHz
DOCOMO, KDDI, SBM, CMCC, KT, SK Telecom, LG Uplus, Etisalat, Orange, Verizon,
T-mobile, Telecom Italia, British Telecom, Deutsche Telekom
31.8-33.4GHz Orange, Telecom Italia, British Telecom
37-40 GHz AT&T, Verizon, T-mobile
1.427-1.518G Etisalat
1710-1785MHz/1805-1880MHz (Band 3) CMCC, China Telecom
2500-2570MHz/2620-2690MHz (Band 7) CHTTL, British Telecom
880-915MHz/925-960MHz (Band 8) CMCC
832–862MHz/791–821MHz (Band 20) Orange
703-748MHz/758–803MHz (Band 28) Orange, Swisscom, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, Vodafone
2496-2690MHz (Band 41) Sprint, China Telecom, C-Spire, China Unicom
1710-1780MHz/2110-2200MHz (band 66) T-mobile, Dish
1920-1980MHz/2110-2170MHz (Band 1) China Unicom, China Telecom

10. © 2017 Nokia11
Customer Key Value
Proposition
Spectrum
Generic 5G
Functionality
eMBB
(Extreme Mobile
Broadband)
mMTC/URLLC
(Massive Machine
/ Critical Comms)
3GPP Rel/ASN.1 freeze
3GPP
(SI/WI)*
2018 2019 20203GPP 5G Rel’15
Acceleration 
3GPP 5G Rel’15
 5G Phase 1
3GPP 5G Rel’16
 5G Phase 2
Rel’15Rel’15 (accelerated) Rel’16
• Mar 2018: Intermediate ASN.1 freeze for NSA
• Sept 2018: Full ASN.1 freeze for full 5G feature
set (incl. SA)
• Phase1 3GPP 5G Standalone higher layers,
new core for full commercial use
• eMBB and some low latency features
• Phase2 3GPP 5G Enhancements (Unlicensed,
Non-orthogonal multiple access, …)
• CA/DC over e.g. 1000MHz (≤ 16 NR CC contiguous/
non-cont. spectrum, ind. config. for UL/DL)
• Cross-carrier scheduling and joint UCI feedback for
aggregated carriers with same and different num.
• 8 layer DL SU-MIMO; 16+ layer DL MU-MIMO; 4 layer
UL SU-MIMO; Dynamic switching SU/MU in UL/DL
• MUX different numerologies / NR carrier bandwidth
in TDM/FDM in UL/DL
• Network slicing support
• Flow based QoS: QFI (QoS Flow Identifier) mapped
to 5QI and ARP (Priority) and for GBR flows GFBR,
MFBR (Guaranteed and Max Flow Bitrate)
• RRC inactive data
• MAC support of multiple numerologies and/or TTI
• High-layer front-haul split (PDCP-RLC)
• NSA Options 3X (NSA eNB & gNB) and SA Option 2
• Frame structure (FDD/TDD): Pipeline processing
(CTRL-DMRS (MIMO)-Data, Data, Data, Data…)
• FFT size: 4096 FFT assumption
• Numerology: Band/SCS, LTE Type CP OH for UL/DL
< 6GHz: 5-50MHz/15kHz, 5/10-100MHz/30kHz, 10/20-100MHz/60kHz
> 6GHz: 50-200MHz/60kHz; 50-400MHz/120kHz
• Slot duration ranging from 0.125 ms to 1 ms
• Waveform: UL/DL CP-OFDM + UL Cpl. DFT-S-OFDM
• QPSK-256QAM + Pi/2 BPSK for uplink DFT-S-OFDM
• Slot of 7 or 14 OFDM symbols and PRB of 12 SC
• Beam tracking & sweeping
• Mobility support
• Coding for UL/DL data and CI: LDPC and Polar
• PSS/SSS: M-Sequence with 3IDs/ Gold-code
• Unlicensed spectrum operation (incl. SA, below and
above 6GHz)
• Integrated Access Backhaul (Wireless Relay)
• Self-backhauling support
• NR-WiFi interworking
• LTE/5G Sharing: NR band/LTE-NR band combination;
e.g. DL NR (3.5GHz), UL LTE (B3, B8)
• Waveforms and MIMO for >40GHz (Single Carrier)
• Multi-connectivity for >2 nodes
• Lower layer front-haul split (eCPRI)
• NR Sidelink (use cases beyond LTE)
• 1ms UP Latency support
• V2V/V2X (URLLC)
• UL NOMA support (mMTC)
• Connectionless service
28; 39, 3.5 (B42,B43) & 4.5GHz LSA; 5G-U; B28; FDD B1,B3,B8 ++
• 4ms UP Latency support
• Mini-slots: length 1-2 symbols; Target slot 0.5-1ms
• TDM Scheduling granularity for same/different UEs
within a slot, especially with beam-sweeping
• MEC capability for external API’s and low latency
applications
As per RAN4 WG
*) References: 3GPP TR 38.801, TR 38.802, TR 38.912
5G RAN
Not a Nokia product roadmap: 3GPP updates only!

11. 12 © Nokia 2017
eMBB, URLLC
Cloud optimized
Layered architecture
Stateless VNF support
New business models
with Network Slicing
mMTC
Convergence
5GS Features targeted for Rel’16
(agreed 3GPP study item topics):
• Policy framework for access traffic steering,
switching and splitting
• Multi-access PDU session
• Wireline / Wireless Convergence
• Enhanced V2X
Other items under consideration (not agreed in
3GPP so far):
• Broadcast/Multicast support
• NB-IoT radio connected to 5GC
• Supporting Satellite access as 3GPP RAN
• System impact due to unlicensed spectrum
• Connectionless services
EPC impacts due to NSA (options 3/3a/3x)
• Subscription control (access restriction) for NR
• NR based charging
• Potential QoS enhancements (e.g. new AMBR
values)
• Potential security enhancements
5GS Features in Rel‘15
• EPS-5GS interworking
• Layered & service oriented architecture: CP/UP
split, SDL
• UE assisted Network Slicing
• Flow based QoS framework
• Access Control & MM framework
• Modular CP with separated MM/SM
• UP with Session Continuity
• Unified policy and authentication framework
• Charging support
• Support of IMS
• SMS over NAS
• Public Warning System (PWS)
• Interworking with untrusted Non-3GPP Access
• Arch. impact due to virtualization – support for
1:n NF resiliency
• Network Discovery & Selection
**) References: 3GPP TS 23.501, TS 23.502
Customer Key Value
Proposition
3GPP Rel/ASN.1 freeze
3GPP
(SI/WI)**
2018 2019 20203GPP 5G Rel’15
Acceleration 
3GPP 5G Rel’15
 5G Phase 1
3GPP 5G Rel’16
 5G Phase 2
Rel’15Rel’15 (accelerated) Rel’16
• Mar 2018: Intermediate ASN.1 freeze for NSA
• Sept 2018: Full ASN.1 freeze for full 5G feature
set (incl. SA)
• Phase1 3GPP 5G Standalone higher layers,
new core for full commercial use
• eMBB and some low latency features
• Phase2 3GPP 5G Enhancements (Unlicensed,
Non-orthogonal multiple access, …)
NG CORE
Not a Nokia product roadmap: 3GPP updates only!

12. © 2016 Nokia13
SMF
5G Core (5GC) architecture (Core Network)
• 5G-RAN: Radio Access Network
– NR gNB
– eLTE eNB
• AF: Application function
• AMF: Core Access and Mobility Management Function
• AUSF: Authentication Server Function
• DN: Data Network
• NEF: Network Exposure Function
• NRF: NF Repository Function
• PCF: Policy Control Function
• SMF: Session Management Function
• UDM: Unified Data Management
• UPF: User Plane Function
• UDSF/SDSF: Unstructured / Structured Data Storage Function
NG-RAN
N4
N2
AMF
NEF
UDM
5G UE
AUSF
AF
N6
UPF
DN
NR gNB
eLTE eNB
NR
DU
N1
NRF
PCF
UDSF/
SDSF
N4
SMF
N6
UPF
DN
N3
N5
AF UE may have one or
more parallel PDU
sessions, each with UPF
and SMF
UPF may be chained
using N9 interface (e.g.
visited/home network
instances)
AMFs interconnected
using N14 (i.e. between
old AMF and new AMF
NRF interfaces to all
other control functions
to assist service
discovery
UDSF interfaces to any
control function to
store unstructured
data, may be
centralized or placed
near to each NF
SDSF interfaces to NEF
to store structured
data
Flexible
interconnect
F1
Main functions
N11

13. © 2016 Nokia14
EUTRANNG-RAN
Legacy EPC interworking
E2E view
N2
N5
AMF
5G UE
MME
SGW-u
S1mme
S5u S11
Nx = S10?
S1u
NR gNB
NR
DU
N1
S6a
PCF
N3
SGW-c
S5c
N11
AMF and MME use new interface,
assumed to be based on S10, to support
mobility between EPC and 5GC
5GC/EPC interworking requires dedicated
interworking nodes combining the
following pairs of nodes:
- UDM&HSS
- PCF&PCRF
- SMF&PGW-c
- UPF&PGW-u
N4
AF
UPF PGW-u
PCRF
Gx
Rx
SMF PGW-c
LTE
eNB
LTE
DU
UDM HSS
N8
N10
N7
F1

14. © 2016 Nokia15
User plane options
Session and Service Continuity (SSC)
• Wide range of topology options
1. Centralized UPF: For long term stable IP address
assignment
2. Cascaded UPF: For local breakout (LBO) and home
routed (HR) with visited PLMN mobility anchor
3. Parallel UPF: For short path access with local UPF
using IPv6
• Session and Service Continuity (SSC) options
– Mode 1: The IP @ /PDU session anchor is maintained
– Mode 2: IP @ not preserved (*); UPF relocation
supported with “break before make” model
– Mode 3: IP @ not preserved (*) but UPF relocation
supported with “make before break” model
(*) when UE moves between data centers (not at each radio HO)
NG-RAN
5G UE
N6
UPF
DN
N6
UPF
DN
N6
UPF
N6
UPF
DN
UPF
DN
N6
N9
N3 N3 N3 N3
NG-RANNG-RAN
N3
5G UE
Local BreakOut (LBO)
Home Routed (HR)
1. Centralized
3. Parallel
IP address
continuity
2. Cascaded
IP address
change
IP@0
IP@1
IP@2
IP@3 IP@4
N3

15. © 2016 Nokia16
Flows tagged with new “QFI” fields instead of using parallel QCI bearers
5G networking flow based QoS solution (5GC)
• QFI (QoS Flow Identifier) mapped to
– 5QI (5G QoS Identifier)* mapped to Resource Type (GBR/N-GBR),
Priority Level, Packet Delay Budget (PDB and Packet Error Rate (PER)*
– ARP (Priority) and for GBR flows with Guaranteed (GFBR) and Max Flow
Bitrate (MFBR)
• Transport QoS marks (e.g. diffserv) based on QFI tags
• Downlink
– Each UPF uses policy from PCF/SMF to identify flows and adds QFI
tags, enforces Session-AMBR and counts packets for Charging
– RAN uses QFI tag and policy to map flows to one or more Data Radio
Bearers (DRBs), and enforces Max BitRate (UE-AMBR) limit per UE for
non-GBR QoS flows
• Uplink
– UE uses either signaling or “reflective” learning approach to learn
policies QFI usage to map to DRBs, and performs UL rate limitation on
PDU Session basis for non-GBR traffic using Session-AMBR
– RAN/UPF police QFI usage and enforces Max BitRate (UE-
AMBR)/Session-AMBR and UPF counts packets for charging
NG-RAN
5G UE
UPF
Access
stratum
Non Access
stratum
Application AF
PCF
SMF
NAS
RRC
AMF
Operating
system DN
RRC Single GTPu
tunnel per PDU
Session, flows
marked with QFI
tags in header
QFI
SDN
QFI
QFI
QFI
*) UE  UPF
Data Radio
Bearers (DRBs)

16. © 2016 Nokia17
Best effort (CDN)
UPF
SMF
Slice instance = NF instances + Compute, Storage and Networking resources
Network slicing
• Core
– AMF level slicing per UE type
– SMF and UPF level slicing per service or per tenant (Service Differentiator)
– UE served by one AMF may be associated with 1 or more sets of SMF and UPFs
– May have meshed mapping between Core, UE type, service type and RAN slices
• End-to-end Network slicing mechanism
– 5GC solution
• UE sends to AMF a NSSAI i.e. a collection of S-NSSAIs (Single Network Slice Selection
Assistance Information) each corresponding to a Slice/Service type (SST) and possibly a
Slice Differentiator (SD)
• AMF determines the Accepted NSSAI (subset of NSSAI) sent based on user subscription
• SMF selected based on S-NSSAI and DNN (APN)
– EPC solution
• UE provides RAN information to trigger MOCN (pre rel14)/eDECOR (rel14) process
• RAN selects dedicated EPC core
• UE and subscription determine available APN(s)
Best effort (CDN)
UPF
SMF
RAN
UE CP
PDCP
AMF
PDCP
AMF
Best effort (eMBB)
UPF
SMF
Smart phone device profile
Public Safety phone device profile
eMBB CO e2e slice
CDN (video) CO e2e slice
URLLC CO e2e slice

17. © 2016 Nokia24
NG-RAN
FM Convergence based on 5GC
Interworking with untrusted non-3GPP access networks
• RAN-core interfaces
– N1: UE to AMF transparently carried over access
• May be carried over 3GPP and non 3GPP access
– N2: 5G-RAN to AMF (control plane)
• One per UE
– N3: 5G-RAN to UPF (user plane)
• One or more per UE
• 5G-RAN
– Supported RAN
• NR Standalone
• eLTE Standalone
• NR + eLTE Non-Standalone
– Interconnected with Xn
– NR gNB Central unit (CU) – Distributed Unit (DU) split with Fs
• N3IWF: Non 3GPP Interworking Function
– Presents N1/N2/N3 to 5GC as per 5G-RAN
– UE-N3IWF: IKE/IPsec messages encrypted and integrity protected
• UE Identifiers : Unique 5G SUPI (IMSI, NAI) + PEI (IMEI format)
N4
N2
N5
AMF
SMF
5G UE
AF
N6/SGi
UPF
DN
NR gNB
eLTE eNB
NR
DU
N1
NRF
PCF
Non 3GPP
N3IWF
WLAN
AP
N1
N3
NEF
UDM
AUSF
UDSF/
SDSF
N2
NR gNB
eLTE eNB
Xn
F1
LTE
DU
N11
Y1
Nwu
Flexible
interconnect
Y2
F1?
N3
P = Permanent

18. 25
© Nokia 2017
5G Technical Solutions – Summary of Ten Potential Technologies
Benefit
Network based massive
MIMO evolution
UE agnostic MIMO and
beamforming
Low power consumption,
less interference
Lean carrier design
Low latency, high
efficiency
Flexible frame
structure
Higher data rate with
smooth migration
Aggregation of LTE +
5G carriers
Higher efficiency
Enhanced interference
coordination
Improved performanceDynamic TDD
Improved performance
Wireless backhaul with
full Duplex
Multiservice flexibilityNew waveforms
Solution
10x..100x more capacity
Usage of cm and mm
waves
BenefitSolution
Optimized end-to-end for
any services
Flexible connectivity,
mobility and sessions
ased massive
ution
consumption,
rence
y, high
Higher data rate with
smooth migration
Aggregation of LTE +
5G carriers
Higher efficiency
Enhanced interference
coordination
erformance
Improved performance
Wireless backhaul with
full Duplex
Multiservice flexibilityNew waveforms
more capacity
BenefitSolution
Optimized end-to-end for
any services
Flexible connectivity,
mobility and sessions

19. 27
© Nokia 2017
5G vs. 4G Capacity per Cell
100 MHz
3.5 GHz
4-8 bps / Hz
400-800 Mbps
cell throughput
5G 3500 with
massive MIMO
beamforming
2.6 GHz
20 MHz
2 bps / Hz
40 Mbps
cell throughputLTE2600 with
2x2 MIMO
10-20 x
5x More Spectrum with 2 – 4x More Efficiency

20. © 2017 Nokia28
E2E service delivery platform (incl. Verticals)
SLICE 2
(Reliability)
SLICE 1
(Latency)
SLICE 3
(Throughput)

21. © 2017 Nokia34
Nokia is investing
heavily to drive
PRODUCT and
TECHNOLOGY
leadership and enable
long term
COMPETITIVENESS
Nokia’s INNOVATION and
IN-HOUSE technology
development will
ENABLE carriers to
embark on path to 5G
with time to market
LEADERSHIP
Nokia welcomes the
Government tenders
and is COMMITTED to
realize pre-commercial
5G tests and trials
jointly with
stakeholders
Conclusions

22. 35 © Nokia 2017 Customer Confidential

23. © 2017 Nokia36
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