Presented on 29 June 2021 at the Samos Summit 2021

1. TO REGULATE OR NOT TO REGULATE
Opening the AI Black Box for Parliaments
Dr. Fotis Fitsilis
Scientific Service, Hellenic Parliament
June 29, 2021
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2. Line of thoughts
Motivation
ParlTech
AI in Parliament
Why regulation?
Summary and outlook
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3. What's the Buzz?
Systemic digitalization
Emerging technologies
Institutional imbalance
Is AI a threat for parliament?
Counteractions and regulations
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4. “emerging technologies that fully or partially
automate or even advance processes of
parliamentary nature”+
Analogy to GovTech and FinTech
Not a single technology
Parliamentary hype cycle
ParlTech
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+Koryzis, Dalas Spiliotopoulos, Fitsilis (2021)
ParlTech:Transformation Framework for the
Digital Parliament. BDCC 5(1).

5. Parliamentary hype cycle
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6. Interna corporis
HeP: ~1400 tasks (~300 competencies)
220+ possible use cases of AI
Match user needs with technology trends
Parameters: priority vs. relevance (equiv. to PHC)
Cross-sectoral / inter-disciplinary support
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7. 2021World e-Parliament Report (forthcoming):
10% of parliaments make use of AI (?)
Finnish Parliament: Committee for the Future
Interviewing of AI personae
Project December: driven by GPT-3 model+
Goals: reportedly UN Agenda2030, significance of AI (!)
AI: the Eduskunta use case
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+ Fitsilis (forthcoming) AI in Parliaments -
PreliminaryAnalysis of the Eduskunta
Experiment.

8. Autoregressive language model
Produces human-like text
175 billion parameters
Essentially a black-box system
Customisable at the front end
Not designed to answer semantic/ethical questions
To expect so is science fiction+
GPT-3 basics
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+ Floridi and Chiriatti, 2020

9. Research directions
Known AI-related challenges
ethics, bias, legal, know-how & more….
Parliaments sufficiently equipped to absorb
ParlTech?
Institutional prerequisites
Possibilities for counteraction
Regulation (inter-institutional and/or stand alone)
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10. Our current research on AI
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Access to beta-test OpenAI's GPT-3 API
Access to Project December API
Cooperation with leading GR and int’l institutions
Development of AI use cases

11. Regulation of advanced algorithms+
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+ Fitsilis (2019)
Regulatory dimensions (ind.):
Level of regulation
Degree of regulation
Joint/stand-alone action
Legal grounds
Standardization process
Level and legal grounds of regulations

12. Boundary conditions
Turning the AI black-box
into a white-box Digital strategy
User-driven development
In-house regulations
Code of conduct
Transparency & trust
ExplainableAI
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13. Summary & outlook
The difficult path forward
Lots of hype around AI
Not a Artificial General intelligence
It does what it does
ParlTech: Uncertain use cases / lack of a killer app
Cooperative action necessary
Determination of regulatory parameters
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14. Contact & disclaimer
www: fitsilis.gr
E-mail: fitsilisf@parliament.gr
The information and views set out in this presentation are only those of the author
and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Hellenic Parliament
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