3.tkdl

Presented By;
Dr.Saranya Sasi
1st Year PG Scholar
Guided By;
Dr.Gazala Hussain
Ass.Prof
Department Of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana
SDM College Of Ayurveda & Hospital Hassan

12-Mar-16 3RSBK - SDMCA Hassan
INTRODUCTION
India possesses a rich traditional knowledge which is
generally being passed down by word of mouth from one
generation to another.
 Most part of this traditional knowledge is inaccessible to
common since it is described in ancient classical and other
literature.
There is also a threat of misuse of such knowledge through
obtaining patents on non-original innovations which is a great
loss to the country.
TKDL addresses these issues.

TKDL
Country India
Type Digital library
Scope traditional
knowledge
Established 2001
Website www.tkdl.res.in12-Mar-16 4RSBK - SDMCA Hassan

 TKDL uses the tools of information technology and a novel classification
system to make available traditional medical knowledge in digital form.
Vinod Kumar Gupta, who set up TKDL, devised a modern classification based
on the structure of International Patent Classification (IPC) for India’s traditional
systems: Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha & Yoga.
 Set up in 2001, as a collaboration between the Council Of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) and the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy, Unani,
Siddha, and Homeopathy (Dept. of AYUSH), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare,
Government of India
How is it evolved?

 As of 2010, it had transcribed 148 books on Ayurveda, Unani,
Siddha and Yoga in public domain, into 34 million pages of information, translated
into five languages —
English
German
French
Spanish
Japanese.
 Data on 80,000 formulations in Ayurveda, 1,000,000 in Unani and 12,000 in
Siddha had already been put in the TKDL.
 Plus it has signed agreements with leading international patent offices such
as European Patent Office (EPO), United Kingdom Trademark & Patent
Office (UKPTO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office to protect
traditional knowledge from bio piracy, by giving patent examiners at international
patent offices access to the TKDL database for patent search and examination

IMPORTANCE OF TKDL
 The Objective of the library is to protect the ancient and traditional knowledge
of the country from exploitation through bio-piracy and unethical patent , by
documenting it electronically and classifying it as per international patent
classification systems.
 Apart from that, non-patent database also serves to foster modern research based
on traditional knowledge , as it simplifies access to this vast knowledge, be it of
traditional remedies, or practices.
 It has also signed agreements with leading international patent offices such as
European Patent Office (EPO) United Kingdom Trademark & Patent Office
(UKTPO) and the United States Patent and Trade mark Office to protect traditional
knowledge from bio piracy, by giving patent examiners at International Patent
Offices to access
To the TKDL database for patent search and examinations purposes.

TKDL provides information on traditional knowledge existing in the
country, in languages and format understandable by patent examiners at
International Patent Offices (IPOs), so as to prevent the grant of wrong
patents.
TKDL thus acts as a bridge between the traditional knowledge
information existing in local languages and the Patent Examiners at
IPOs.
 The Project TKDL involves documentation of the traditional
knowledge available in public domain in the form of existing literature
related to Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Yoga, in digitalized format in 5
International Languages such as English, German, French, Japanese and
Spanish .

•The knowledge obtained from ancient Indian texts is stored
in 34 million A4 size pages and translated into five foreign
languages – in Japanese, English, Spanish, German and
French.
•It is not a transliteration; rather it is a knowledge-based
conversion, where data abstracted once is converted into
several languages by using Unicode, Metadata methodology.
•TKDL has signed access and non-disclosure agreements
with the Indian and seven other global patent offices.
•This ensures near-foolproof security for our invaluable bio
resources against piracy. All of this required not just high-end
technology but also skills of a high technical order.
•And there were people with knowledge of ancient texts,
modern medicine and technical terms of foreign languages.
•This was a tremendous exercise of global proportions and
the price for this unique propriety system was Rs. 16 crore.

OF

• Advanced Search:
This option allows search using
several search terms such as Keywords,
Disease, IPC Code, Bibliography and Title, each
individually specified. All these terms can be
selected from appropriate help menus.
•Simple Search:
Different search terms including
Keywords, Diseases and IPC Codes can be
used with the operator ’OR’ (the use of operator
’AND’ is not supported). The corresponding menu
lists all the search terms available in this database
and can be used to select the appropriate
search term.
Search Types and Search Options

TKDL database offers a strong backbone of Help Menu
in the form of
Keyword Help,
IPC Help,
Title Help,
Biblio Help
Disease Help,
which facilitates effective searches.
Help Menu

OF

 It was initiated in 2001. The tasks included,
for example, transcribing Sanskrit
Slokas which describe
an Ayurvedic formulation in text, using
Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification
(TKRC) devised for the purpose, so that it is
easily understandable to any patent examiner,
anywhere in the world. For this reason, the
entire 34 million pages of text is available in
English, German, French, Spanish and
Japanese12-Mar-16 15RSBK - SDMCA Hassan
This experience prompted
the Department Of AYUSH ,
government of India to create a task
force of experts in the areas of
traditional medicine systems of India ,
Patent Examiners, IT experts, scientists
and technical officers, for the creation
Traditional Knowledge Digital Library
(TKDL).

 As the database project reached its completion,
in 2006 the government allowed access to the
library to international patent officers,
including European Patent Office (EPO), Japan
and the UK, subject to a non-disclosure clause.
This allows patent examiners to evaluate patent
applications and stop attempts to patent traditional
knowledge as "new" inventions
 Agreements were signed with
EPO in February 2009, with
United Kingdom Trademark &
Patent Office (UKPTO) in January
2010, and with the U.S Patent and
Trademark Office (USPTO) after
the summit meeting between US
President Barack Obama and
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh,
also in January 2010.
 With patent examiners getting access to the
TKDL database, legal cases regarding unethical
patent claims, which had taken years and vast
expenditure for each case, could be avoided
 Another project to include data relating to 1,500 postures in Yoga began in 2008, after
new reports of a large number of false gurus and yoga masters, who attempted to patent
this ancient knowledge in their own countries. For example, 131 yoga-related patents were
traced in the US alone in 2007. After an uproar in the parliament and media, the
government of India took up the issue with the USPTO.

 Thereafter, a team of yoga gurus from
nine schools working with government
officials and 200 scientists from the
Council Of Scientific Industrial
Research (CSIR) scanned 35 ancient
texts including the Hindu epics the
Mahabharata and Bhagwad Gita, and
Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras to register each
native pose. At the end of 2009,
1500 asanas were to be added.
 In 2010, Union Environment Minister,
Jairam Ramesh stated that over eight years
34 million pages of information have been
collected at an estimated cost of Rs 7 crore;
at least 36 cases had been identified by the
EPO and 40 cases by USPTO, using TKDL
 As a future project, a people’s Register of Biodiversity, is being set up by the
government, to document and protect, traditional knowledge passed down through
the oral tradition ,under India’s National Biodiversity Act of 2002

OF

S.N ACTIVITY PERIOD RESPONSIBILITY
1
Recognition of need of creation of
Traditional Knowledge (TK) data bases
and need of support to developing
countries by Standing Committee on
Information Technology (SCIT) of
World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO).
June, 1999
Third Plenary
Session of SCIT,
WIPO under the
Chairmanship of Dr.
R. A. Mashelkar, the
then Director
General of CSIR,
India
2
Direction to Department of Indian
Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy
(ISM&H)* for initiating measures to
protect Indian Traditional
Knowledge, in particular, Ayurveda
Planning
Commission
constitutes Task
Force under the
Chairmanship of
Prof. D.N.Tiwari,the
then Member
Planning
Commission on S&T

3
Approach paper on
setting up of TKDL.
October, 1999
Paper prepared by Mr. V. K. Gupta,
the then Senior Technical Director,
National Informatics Centre at the
direction of the then Secretary,
Department of ISM&H*
4
Submission of approach
paper to SCIT, WIPO
December, 1999
Dr. R. A. Mashelkar, the then
Director General of CSIR, India
5
Presenting TKDL Concept &
Vision at International
forum
May, 2000
Dr.R.A.Mashelkar, the then
Director General of CSIR, India
6
Cabinet Committee of
Economic Affairs (CCEA's)
approval on TKDL Project
January, 2001 Department of ISM&H

7. TDKL Software,
specification and design
July, 2001
Mr. V. K. Gupta, the then
Director, NISCOM**
8
Establishing TKDL team of
Project Assistants (IT),
Ayurveda, Patent
Examiners, etc.
October, 2001 to
March, 2002
NISCOM**, CCRAS, Department of
ISM&H* and CGPDTM.
9
Completing data abstraction
work on 36,000 Ayurveda
formulations for creating
TKDL in five languages, i.e.
English, German, Spanish,
French and Japanese
March, 2003
TKDL team of Project Assistants
(IT), Ayurveda, Patent Examiners
and Scientists functioning since
October 2001 at NISCAIR
(erstwhile National Institute of
Science Communication,
NISCOM).

10
Release of demo CD
containing a sample of 500
formulations.
October, 2003
Released by the then Hon’ble
Union Minister of Human
Resource Development, Science &
Technology, and Ocean
Development and presided by the
then Hon’ble Union Minster of
Health & Family Welfare and
Parliamentary Affairs

 Database with a tool to understand the codified knowledge existing for the
Indian Systems of Medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Yoga as prior
art.
 It is not a diagnostic or usage database.
 It is also not the prior art in itself; the Books on Indian Systems of Medicine are the
prior art, which act as the source of information for TKDL.
 It contains the scanned images of medicinal formulations from the original books.
 It covers over two lakh formulations, which have been taken from Ayurveda, Unani,
Siddha and Yoga texts.
TKDL Database: Current Status

 It is pertinent to note that TKDL does not contain the entire information existing in
the Indian Systems of Medicine
Rather than comprehensive, TKDL is a dynamic database, where formulations
will be continuously added and continuously updated according to the inputs from the
users of the database.
 The full database has been made available to all the IPR offices worldwide to
facilitate Prior Art search and prevent bio piracy.
 A representative database containing 1200 formulations selected from various
classical texts of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicine can be accessed
from the official website of TKDL.
 It includes 500 formulations from Ayurveda, 500 formulations from Unani
and 200 Siddha formulations, which are readily available.

Discipline
No. of texts (including volumes)
used for transcription
Transcribed
Ayurveda 75 books 97,337
Unani 10 books 1,75,150
Siddha 50 books 23,016
Yoga 15 books 1,680
Total 150 books 2,92,662

AYURVEDA BOOKS:
1. Ayurveda Sara Sangraha – Shri Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan
Limited Calcutta, Edn.2003
2. Ayurveda Prakasha – Translated by Gulraj sarma Misra,
Chaukamba Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Edn.Reprint 1999
3. Ashtanga Hridaya – Commentary by Arunadatta edited by
Bhishagacharyan Harisastri paradakara Vaidya: Chaukamba
Orientalia, Varanasi; edn.8th, 1998. [Time Of Origin 5th century]
4. Ashtanga Sangraha – Commentary by Indu – Part-I : CCRAS;
Newdelhi [Time Of Origin 5th-10th Cent.]

(TKRC), an innovative structured classification system for
the purpose of systematic arrangement, dissemination and
retrieval has been evolved for about 25,000 subgroups
against few subgroups that was available in earlier
version of the International Patent Classification (IPC),
related to medicinal plants, minerals, animal resources, effects
and diseases, methods of preparations, mode of administration,
etc.
(TKRC)

The TKRC is mainly divided
into the following sections:
A – Ayurveda
B – Unani
C – Siddha
Y – Yoga
01 – Pharmaceutical preparations (Kalpana)
02 – Personal Hygiene Preparations
03 – Dietary (Food / Food stuff /Beverages)
04 – Biocides, Fumigatives (Dhoopana,
Krimighna)
The Pharmaceutical preparations are
divided into following sub-classes based
on the material used.
01A – Based on Plants (Audbhida)
01B – Based on Animals (Jangama)
01C – Based on Minerals (Parthiva)
01D – Characterised by Diseases (Roga)
01E – Characterised by Actions (Karma)
01F – Mode of Administration
01G – Miscellaneous

TKDL in MEDIA

 TKDL, for its novel approach in
preventing misappropriation of traditional
knowledge at International Patent Offices, has
been widely covered in television, newspapers,
magazines and scientific journals, at both
national and international levels.
 The story on TKDL was covered in
Nature (London), Time,
The Washington Times, The Wall Street Journal,
MSN BC, ABC News, The News Tribune, Seattle
Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington News,
BBC News, London Telegraph, The Globe and
Mail, Khaleej Times, Financial Express, St.
Petersburg Times, The Mercury News, News Flash,
etc.
 The TKDL effort has also
been appreciated by the World
Intellectual Property Organization
(WIPO).
 Due to the key role
played by TKDL in the creation of
standards for documentation of
traditional knowledge, the then
Director General, WIPO, in Aug
2003 mentioned that, "One recent
tangible outcome of India's strong
involvement was the adopting by
IGC Technical standards
concerning TK documentation".

 TKDL has become a model for other countries on defensive protection of
their traditional knowledge from misappropriation. Countries and organizations such
as South Africa, African Regional Property Organization (ARIPO), Mongolia, Nigeria,
Malaysia and Thailand have expressed their keen desire to replicate TKDL. The SAARC
countries have also shown interest in the creation of TKDL after a two-day workshop
on creation of TKDL for SAARC countries was held in New Delhi in December 2004.
 The National Knowledge Commission, Government of India, in December
2007, recommended that the work on TKDL should be diversified and expanded.
Further, the Commission suggested that steps should be taken for the use and
incorporation of TKDL, with all pertinent sources of information, into the minimum
search documentation lists of International Search Authorities and other offices while
processing patent applications.
 Signing of Access Agreement with European Patent Office (EPO) in February,
2009 and United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in November, 2009 have
also been widely covered by national and international newspapers. The setting aside
and withdrawal/rejection of patent applications at EPO based on TKDL database have
also found wide media coverage in 2010.

OBJECTIVES
The present study was carried out to study an
unique digital initiative taken by India to protect
the traditional knowledge i.e. creation of Traditional
Knowledge Digital Library. The study was carried
out with following objectives
• To take a brief review of existing documentation on
traditional knowledge
• To study the bio piracy instances and protection
measures of TK in India.
• To study the role of TKDL in protecting traditional
knowledge
• To study Traditional Knowledge Resource
Classification (TKRC) system
• To analyze the contents of Representative database
of TKDL
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
The present study will be
restricted to analysis of
representative database of
TKDL which is readily
accessible from the official
website of TKDL.
The scope includes 1200
formulations selected from
various classical texts of
Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha
systems of medicine viz 500
formulations from Ayurveda,
500 formulations from Unani and
200 Siddha formulations.
1. Protecting Traditional Knowledge Digitally: A Case Study of TKDL -
Dr. Mangala Anil Hirwade Sr. Lecturer - Deptt. of Library & Information Science
RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur

METHODOLOGY
The study focuses on current status of TKDL. The paper is largely based on review of the
literature. An analytical study has been carried out in which the contents of the
representative database of TKDL was studied in detail.
CONCLUSION
Once the traditional knowledge is recorded in TKDL, legally, it becomes public domain
knowledge. Under the patent law, this means that it is considered to be prior art and hence
is not patentable. Such a written record, in a form easily accessible to patent offices
around the world, would provide all such offices with a record of India’s prior art. Patent
examiners could easily check this database and reject any patent application that
might be a mere copy of traditional knowledge. Thus it helps in preventing cases of bio
piracy.
TKDL has a rich database of information and proved to be extremely useful to
research and industry, both in India and abroad, providing an impetus to invention, and
the development of products such as medicines, which would be of immense value to all
of mankind.
TKDL serves the purpose of integrating the various documents related to traditional
knowledge in a common language and in an easy retrieval form. It is of enormous
benefit in developing the traditional knowledge further.

2. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOPIRACY AND PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL
KNOWLEDGE
R. D. Singh*, S.K. Mody, H. B. Patel, Sarita Devi, C.M. Modi and D.R. Kamani
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
Bio piracy is immerging scientific nuisance in pharmaceutical business. It
can commercialize locally as well as globally well known facts, inherited
knowledge, traditional knowledge, community wisdom, etc., in order to
explore new opportunity and cost saving in pharmaceuticals research and
development.
CBD and NAGOYA protocol have tried to optimize the conflict between
bio-pirates and original resources bearers by proposing regulatory
understanding which still needs to be revised and redefined.
In India, NBDA and TKDL are two start-up initiatives to counter act the
bio piracy.

•Documentation of TK is essential for preservation, protection
& wealth creation of TK.
•Requirement of documentation are different for disclosed and
undisclosed TK.
• Before initiating documentation of TK it is necessary to
evolve appropriate classification scheme for structuring TK.
•Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification created by
India has got wider international acceptance and has become a
basis for enhancing international patent classification for
medicinal plants.
DISCUSSION &

• TKDL has been a successful model resulting in creation of
several new technologies
•Access to database such as TKDL need be regulated as per
national requirements and policies.
•Access conditions need be different for collaborative research
and prior art search.
•TK databases are vital resource for creating new IPR and new
drug development.
•For protection of TK (positive and defensive) internationally
accepted legally binding framework is essential.

1. TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE DIGITAL LIBRARY - V.K. GUPTA,
National Institute of Science Communication And Information Resources
(NISCAIR) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),
2. Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) – An Effective and Novel Tool
for Protection of India’s Traditional Knowledge Against Bio-Piracy
(Press Information Bureau Government of India Special Service and Features
12-August-2011) - Samir K. Brahmachari - Director General, Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research and Secretary, Department of Scientific and
Industrial Research.
3. “Traditional Knowledge receives a boost from the government”, India
Together, - Ramesh Menon
4. National Knowledge Commission, 2005. “Traditional Knowledge”

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